<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>genel tıp derg</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Genel Tıp Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2602-3741</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Selcuk University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.54005/geneltip.1563740</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Clinical Sciences (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Klinik Tıp Bilimleri (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                                                            <article-title>Women’s Experiences of Vaginal Birth: A Qualitative Study</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8311-3745</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Yeşildere Sağlam</surname>
                                    <given-names>Havva</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>KUTAHYA HEALTH SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, NURSING PR.</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2896-3143</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Kaya</surname>
                                    <given-names>Atike</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>ESKISEHIR OSMANGAZI UNIVERSITY, ESKİŞEHİR HEALTH ACADEMY, DEPARTMENT OF NURSING</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0147-8682</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Gursoy</surname>
                                    <given-names>Elif</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>ESKISEHIR OSMANGAZI UNIVERSITY, ESKİŞEHİR HEALTH ACADEMY, DEPARTMENT OF NURSING</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20250430">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2025</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>35</volume>
                                        <issue>2</issue>
                                        <fpage>269</fpage>
                                        <lpage>275</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20241009">
                        <day>10</day>
                        <month>09</month>
                        <year>2024</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20250117">
                        <day>01</day>
                        <month>17</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1990, Genel Tıp Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1990</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Genel Tıp Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                                        <abstract><p>Aims: Women gain important experiences during the birth process that they will remember throughout their lives. The aim of this study is to examine women&#039;s traumatic birth experiences.Methods: This study is a qualitative study conducted with a phenomenological approach. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form and a Semi-structured Interview Form. Interviews continued until data saturation was reached and the study was completed with 16 women. Thematic analysis method was used in data analysis.Results: Women&#039;s experiences were analyzed under four main themes: Situations that leave a mark, Physical environment, Obstetric violence and Expectations. Conclusion: It was determined that women had traumatic experiences related to the birth process. It was determined that women experienced complex emotions during the birth process and were exposed to obstetric violence. Women characterized birth as salvation and beginning. For women to have a positive birth experience, their care should be planned in a respectful, supportive and holistic manner and their decisions should be respected. Keywords: vaginal birth, birth experience, qualitative research, phenomenology</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>vaginal birth</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  birth experience</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  qualitative research</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  phenomenology</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                                                                                                                <funding-group specific-use="FundRef">
                    <award-group>
                                                    <funding-source>
                                <named-content content-type="funder_name">There are no institutions and organizations that support and fund the study.</named-content>
                            </funding-source>
                                                                    </award-group>
                </funding-group>
                                </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">1.	Dahlberg U, Persen J, Skogås A-K, Selboe S-T, Torvik HM, Aune I. How can midwives promote a normal birth and a positive birth experience? The experience of first-time Norwegian mothers. Sex Reprod Healthc. 2016;7:2-7.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">2.	Hosseini Tabaghdehi M, Keramat A, Kolahdozan S, Shah Hosseini Z, Moosazadeh M, Motaghi Z. Positive childbirth experience: A qualitative study. Nurs Open. 2020;7(4):1233-8.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">3.	Namujju J, Muhindo R, Mselle LT, Waiswa P, Nankumbi J, Muwanguzi P. Childbirth experiences and their derived meaning: a qualitative study among postnatal mothers in Mbale regional referral hospital, Uganda. Reprod Health. 2018;15:1-11.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">4.	Çetin Avcı S, Işık G, Çetişli Egelioğlu N. Doğum Korkusu Yaşayan Annelerin Doğum Deneyimleri: Fenomenolojik Bir Çalışma. Journal of Nursology. 2023;26(1):34-42.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">5.	Aktaş Reyhan F, Dağlı E. Doğum Anılarının Üç Kuşak-Kuşaklararası Aktarımı ve Üçüncü Kuşaktaki Doğum Algısına Etkisi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022;11(3):1143-50.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">6.	Bal MD, Yılmaz S, Beji NK. Kadınların sezaryen doğum tercihleri. Florence Nightingale Hemşirelik Dergisi. 2013;21(2):139-46.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">7.	Yanıkkerem E, Göker A, Piro N. Sezaryen doğum yapan kadınların doğum yöntemleri hakkında düşünceleri ve aldıkları bakım memnuniyeti. Selçuk Tıp Dergisi. 2013;29(2):75-81.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">8.	Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig J. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. International journal for quality in health care. 2007;19(6):349-57.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">9.	Yıldırım A, Şimşek H. Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri: Seçkin yayıncılık; 2013.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">10.	Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77-101.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">11.	Schwandt TA, Lincoln YS, Guba EG. Judging interpretations: But is it rigorous? Trustworthiness and authenticity in naturalistic evaluation. New Dir Eval.2007;2007(114):11-25.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">12.	Wigert H, Nilsson C, Dencker A, Begley C, Jangsten E, Sparud-Lundin C, et al. Women’s experiences of fear of childbirth: a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being. 2020;15(1):1704484.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">13.	Aktaş S, Aydın R. The analysis of negative birth experiences of mothers: a qualitative study. J Reprod Infant Psychol. 2019;37(2):176-92.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">14.	Mirghafourvand M, Meedya S, Mohammadi E, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Jafarabadi MA, Ghanbari-Homaie S. Iranian women’s perception on the determinants of birth experience: a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy  Childbirth. 2022;22(1):751.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">15.	Deliktaş Demirci A, Kabukcuglu K, Haugan G, Aune I. “I want a birth without interventions”: Women’s childbirth experiences from Turkey. Women Birth. 2019;32(6):e515-e22.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">16.	Parry DC. “We wanted a birth experience, not a medical experience”: exploring Canadian women&#039;s use of midwifery. Health Care Women Int.2008;29(8-9):784-806.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">17.	Aune I, Torvik HM, Selboe S-T, Skogås A-K, Persen J, Dahlberg U. Promoting a normal birth and a positive birth experience—Norwegian women׳ s perspectives. Midwifery. 2015;31(7):721-7.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">18.	Abuya T, Sripad P, Ritter J, Ndwiga C, Warren CE. Measuring mistreatment of women throughout the birthing process: implications for quality of care assessments. Reprod Health Matters. 2018;26(53):48-61.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">19.	Aktas Reyhan FA, Sayiner FD, Ozen H. A mixed-design study on the development of birth unit assessment scale. Midwifery. 2023;123:103708.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">20.	Foureur M, Davis D, Fenwick J, Leap N, Iedema R, Forbes I, et al. The relationship between birth unit design and safe, satisfying birth: Developing a hypothetical model. Midwifery. 2010;26(5):520-5.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">21.	Annborn A, Finnbogadóttir HR. Obstetric violence a qualitative interview study. Midwifery. 2022;105:103212.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">22.	Schoene BE, Oblasser C, Stoll K, Gross MM. Midwifery students witnessing violence during labor and birth and their attitudes towards supporting normal labor: a cross-sectional survey. Midwifery. 2023;119:103626.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">23.	Martínez-Galiano JM, Martinez-Vazquez S, Rodríguez-Almagro J, Hernández-Martinez A. The magnitude of the problem of obstetric violence and its associated factors: A cross-sectional study. WomenBirth. 2021;34(5):e526-e36.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">24.	Meijer M, Brandão T, Cañadas S, Falcon K. Components of obstetric violence in health facilities in Quito, Ecuador: A descriptive study on information, accompaniment, and position during childbirth. Int J Gynaecol Obstet.. 2020;148(3):355-60.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">25.	Coates R, Cupples G, Scamell A, McCourt C. Women&#039;s experiences of induction of labor: qualitative systematic review and thematic synthesis. Midwifery. 2019;69:17-28.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">26.	Meyer S, Cignacco E, Monteverde S, Trachsel M, Raio L, Oelhafen S. ‘We felt like part of a production system’: A qualitative study on women’s experiences of mistreatment during childbirth in Switzerland. PloS one. 2022;17(2):e0264119.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">27.	Avcı N, Kaydırak MM. A qualitative study of women&#039;s experiences with obstetric violence during childbirth in Turkey. Midwifery. 2023;121:103658.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">28.	Bohren MA, Mehrtash H, Fawole B, Maung TM, Balde MD, Maya E, et al. How women are treated during facility-based childbirth in four countries: a cross-sectional study with labor observations and community-based surveys. The Lancet. 2019;394(10210):1750-63.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
