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Reconstructing the Past in a changing Landscape. Reflections on the Area of Ephesus and other Sites in Western Asia Minor

Year 2018, Volume: 16, 75 - 90, 15.11.2018
https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.479912

Abstract

Landscapes
are in perpetual transformation.
 This happens partly due to natural
causes, like climatic
changes or changes of soil quality, for example by salinization, 
partly
due to human beings and their interventions, just to recall deforestation, or the regulation of
rivers
. Among
others, the establishment of settlements and the construction of roads are
common efforts to transform a natural space into a cultural landscape. –
Historical geography tries to reconstruct the former state of a landscape,
focusing on a special period, for example Late Antiquity or the Middle
Byzantine Period. The reconstruction focus on different aspects, by using
various methods, scientific approaches like geodesy and geophysics as well as
historical or philological approaches like the analysis of written sources or
archaeological data. Different time levels may appear in the picture presented
as research result; some places are connected with diverse ideas and traditions
during their history. Both the author and the reader of an academic study must
be aware of the fact that subjective 
interpretation is always an
important factor of each historical and historic-geographical work. Among other
places in Western Anatolia, the area of Ephesus is a good example to illustrate
this: a changing landscape and divergent interpretations of literary sources
and the local archaeological material offer different pictures of the
settlement conditions in that area during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.

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  • A. Külzer, Harbours, landing places and communication routes in Nortḫwestern Anatolia: The Gulf of Adramyttium (Edremit körfezi) in late Antiquity and Byzantine times, in: F. Daim – J. Preiser-Kapeller (eds.), Seasides of Byzantium: harbours and anchorages of a Mediterranean Empire. Mainz.
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Değişen Bir Bölgede Geçmişin Rekonstrüksiyonu. Efes Bölgesi ve Küçük Asya’nın Batısındaki Başka Bölgeler Hakkında Düşünceler

Year 2018, Volume: 16, 75 - 90, 15.11.2018
https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.479912

Abstract

Peyzajlar daimi bir değişim içindedirler. Bu kısmen iklimsel
değişimlerden veya tuzlanma örneğinde olduğu gibi toprak kalitesinin
değişimleri gibi doğal nedenlerden dolayı olmakta, kısmen de ormanların yok
edilmesi veya nehirlerin düzenlenmesi gibi insanlardan ve onların
müdahalelerinden dolayı meydana gelmektedir. Diğerleri arasında, yerleşimlerin
kuruluşu ve yolların yapılışı doğal bir yeri kültürel bir manzaraya dönüştürmek
için olağan girişimlerdir. Tarihi coğrafya belli bir döneme, örnek olarak Geç
Antik Dönem’e veya Orta Bizans Çağı’na, odaklanarak bir peyzajın önceki halinin
rekonstrüksiyonunu yapmaya çabalamaktadır. Rekonstrüksiyon çeşitli metotlar
kullanarak – yani jeodezi ve jeofizik gibi bilimsel yaklaşımlarla birlikte
yazılı kaynakların analizi veya arkeolojik bilgiler gibi tarihi veya filolojik
yaklaşımlar – farklı bakış açılarına odaklanmaktadır. Farklı zaman kademeleri
araştırma sonucu olarak sunulan resimde kendini gösterebilir; bazı yerlerin
tarihleri süresince çeşitli fikirler ve gelenekler ile bağlantılıdır. Bir
akademik çalışmanın hem yazarı hem de okuyucusu sübjektif yorumlamanın her
tarihi ve tarihi coğrafik çalışmanın daima önemli bir etkeni olduğu gerçeğinin
farkında olmalıdır. Batı Anadolu’daki başka yerlerin arasında Efes bölgesi şunu
göstermek için iyi bir örnektir: değişen bir peyzaj ve edebi kaynakların farklı
yorumları ve yerel arkeolojik materyal bu bölgedeki Geç Antik Dönem ve Orta Çağ
süresindeki yerleşim koşullarının farklı bir resmini sunmaktadır.

References

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  • F. Kirbihler, Le Caÿstre et Éphèse. Un exemple d’interaction entre une rivère et ses riverains à l’époque romaine, in: A. Dan - St. Lebreton (eds.), Études des fleuves d’Asie Mineure dans l’Antiquité. II. Arras Cedex 2018, 133-160.
  • J. Koder, Mönchtum und Kloster als Faktoren der byzantinischen Siedlungsgeographie. Byzantium and the North. Acta Byzantina Fennica 7 (1993-1994) 7-44.
  • E. Kirsten, Möglichkeiten und Aufgaben der Historischen Geographie des Altertums in der Gegenwart, in: Stuttgarter Kolloquium zur Historischen Geographie des Altertums 1. Geographica Historica 4. Stuttgart 1987, 1-50.
  • J. Koder, Land use and settlement: theoretical approaches, in: J. F. Haldon (ed.), General issues in the study of medieval logistics: sources, problems and methodologies. History of Warfare 36. Leiden - Boston 2006, 159-183.
  • J. Koder, Handelsgüter und Verkehrswege - Problemstellung, Quellenlage, Methoden, in: E. Kislinger – J. Koder – A. Külzer (Hgg.), Handelsgüter und Verkehrswege. Aspekte der Warenversorgung im östlichen Mittelmeerraum, 4. bis 15. Jahrhundert. Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, phil.-hist. Kl., Denkschriften 388. Wien 2010, 13-24.
  • J. Koder, Regional Networks in Asia Minor during the Middle Byzantine Period (Seventh-Eleventh Centuries). An Approach, in: C. Morrisson (ed.), Trade and Markets in Byzantium. Washington, D.C. 2012, 147-175.
  • A. Külzer, Möglichkeiten zur Rekonstruktion historischer Landschaften: Die Historische Geographie, in: Ch. Gastgeber – Ch. Glassner – K. Holzner-Tobisch – R. Spreitzer (Hgg.), Fragmente. Der Umgang mit lückenhafter Quellenüberlieferung in der Mittelalterforschung. Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, phil.-hist. Kl., Denkschriften 415. Wien 2010, 173-184.
  • A. Külzer, Von Assos nach Pergamon und Ephesos: Betrachtungen zu den Straßen Westkleinasiens in römischer und byzantinischer Zeit. Asia Minor Studien 78 (2016) 185-204.
  • A. Külzer, Streifzüge durch das Tal des Kaÿstrios (Küçük Menderes): Historisch-geographische Impressionen aus Westanatolien, in:
  • A. Külzer – M. St. Popović (eds.), Space, Landscapes and Settlements in Byzantium: Studies in Historical Geography of the Eastern Mediterranean, Presented to Johannes Koder. Vienna - Novi Sad 2017, 195-214, 475-478.
  • A. Külzer, Jenseits von Ephesos: Hafenanlagen an der kleinasiatischen Westküste in spätantiker und byzantinischer Zeit. Gateways: North meets East 3 (2016) [2018] 49-73.
  • A. Külzer, Herbert Hunger und die Historische Geographie: Geschichte, Gegenwart und Zukunft der Tabula Imperii Byzantini, in: A. Külzer (Hg.), Herbert Hunger und die Wiener Schule der Byzantinistik: Rückblick und Ausblick. Wien.
  • A. Külzer, Aspekte der Christianisierung der frühbyzantinischen Provinz Asia. Asia Minor Studien.
  • A. Külzer, Harbours, landing places and communication routes in Nortḫwestern Anatolia: The Gulf of Adramyttium (Edremit körfezi) in late Antiquity and Byzantine times, in: F. Daim – J. Preiser-Kapeller (eds.), Seasides of Byzantium: harbours and anchorages of a Mediterranean Empire. Mainz.
  • S. Ladstätter – W. Prochaska – H. Brückner – F. Stock – S. Seren – C. Kurtze – N. Gail, Forschungen auf dem Kumtepe. Forschungen in Ephesos. Gesellschaft der Freunde von Ephesos. Information über den Stand der Ausgrabungen 1/2014, 1-4.
  • S. Ladstätter, Hafen und Stadt von Ephesos in hellenistischer Zeit. Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archäologischen Institutes 85 (2016) 233-272.
  • H. Lefebvre, The Production of Space, translated by D. Nicholson-Smith. Maiden - Oxford 1991. Original version: La production de l’espace. Paris 1974.
  • R. Meriç, Zur Lage des ephesischen Außenhafens Panormos, in: Komitee FS Hermann Vetters (Hg.), Lebendige Altertumswissenschaft. Festschrift H. Vetters. Wien 1985, 30-32.
  • R. Meriç: Das Hinterland von Ephesos. Archäologisch-topographische Forschungen im Kaystros-Tal. Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archäologischen Institutes, Ergänzungsheft 12. Wien 2009.
  • R. Meriç, Hermus (Gediz) Valley in Western Turkey: Results of an Archaeological and Historical Survey. İstanbul 2018. St. Mitchell, A History of the Later Roman Empire, AD 284-641. The Transformation of the Ancient World. Oxford 2007.
  • M. Müllenhoff, Geoarchäologische, sedimentologische und morpho¬dynamische Untersuchungen im Mündungsgebiet des Büyük Menderes (Mäander), Westtürkei. Marburger Geographische Schriften 141. Marburg 2005.
  • Wissenschaftlicher Jahresbericht des Österreichischen Arcäologischen Instituts. Wien 2014.
  • Wissenschaftlicher Jahresbericht des Österreichischen Arcäologischen Instituts. Wien 2015.
  • Wissenschaftlicher Jahresbericht des Österreichischen Arcäologischen Instituts. Wien 2016.
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There are 65 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Andreas Külzer

Publication Date November 15, 2018
Submission Date June 9, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 16

Cite

APA Külzer, A. (2018). Reconstructing the Past in a changing Landscape. Reflections on the Area of Ephesus and other Sites in Western Asia Minor. Gephyra, 16, 75-90. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.479912
AMA Külzer A. Reconstructing the Past in a changing Landscape. Reflections on the Area of Ephesus and other Sites in Western Asia Minor. GEPHYRA. November 2018;16:75-90. doi:10.37095/gephyra.479912
Chicago Külzer, Andreas. “Reconstructing the Past in a Changing Landscape. Reflections on the Area of Ephesus and Other Sites in Western Asia Minor”. Gephyra 16, November (November 2018): 75-90. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.479912.
EndNote Külzer A (November 1, 2018) Reconstructing the Past in a changing Landscape. Reflections on the Area of Ephesus and other Sites in Western Asia Minor. Gephyra 16 75–90.
IEEE A. Külzer, “Reconstructing the Past in a changing Landscape. Reflections on the Area of Ephesus and other Sites in Western Asia Minor”, GEPHYRA, vol. 16, pp. 75–90, 2018, doi: 10.37095/gephyra.479912.
ISNAD Külzer, Andreas. “Reconstructing the Past in a Changing Landscape. Reflections on the Area of Ephesus and Other Sites in Western Asia Minor”. Gephyra 16 (November 2018), 75-90. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.479912.
JAMA Külzer A. Reconstructing the Past in a changing Landscape. Reflections on the Area of Ephesus and other Sites in Western Asia Minor. GEPHYRA. 2018;16:75–90.
MLA Külzer, Andreas. “Reconstructing the Past in a Changing Landscape. Reflections on the Area of Ephesus and Other Sites in Western Asia Minor”. Gephyra, vol. 16, 2018, pp. 75-90, doi:10.37095/gephyra.479912.
Vancouver Külzer A. Reconstructing the Past in a changing Landscape. Reflections on the Area of Ephesus and other Sites in Western Asia Minor. GEPHYRA. 2018;16:75-90.