Andriake Mermerleri: Lykia-Andriake’deki bir tepe üzerinde bulunmakta olup erken 19. yüzyılda kaybolan, İ.S. 1.-2. yüzyıla ait bir Roma anıt mezarı ve seyrüsefer işaretçisi olarak “yıkılmış, beyaz mermerden küçük bir tapınak”

Year 2018, Volume: 16, 91 - 142, 15.11.2018

Terrance Michael Patrick Duggan

https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.479938

Abstract

Myra’nın limanı Andriake’de, Hadrian horreumu’nun
arkasında, kıyıya yakın meşhur bir tepede beyaz mermerden Korinth düzeninde
inşa edilmiş, kare planlı küçük bir Roma dönemi tapınak me­zarının varlığının
birinci el kaydı görsel, kartografik ve yayımlı metinlerde mevcuttur. Bu yapı,
konumu itibarıyla yaklaşık 1600 yıllık bir süre boyunca sahil şeridinde
seyirleri yönlendiren bir amaca da hizmet etmiş olmalıydı. Mevcut birincil
belgelerin hepsi 1792 ile 1812 arasındaki zaman dilimin­den gelmektedir. 19.
yüzyılın sonuna kadar yapıya ilişkin tüm referanslar bu birinci el kaynaklardan
yapılmakla beraber, bina artık yerinde durmamaktadır. 1812 yılından sonra
Andriake’deki tepede bu Roma yapısının var olduğunu gösteren birincil bir belge
yoktur. Günümüzde, bu yerde söz konusu yapıya ait fiziki bir kalıntı olmaması
yüzünden, bina yakın zamanda yayımlanan kaynaklarda göz ardı edilmiş ve ressam
Luigi Mayer tarafından Myra-Andriake Limanı’ndaki Hadrian horreumu’nun 1792
bakış açısıyla tanıtılan bir capriccio
olarak kabul edilmiştir.

Bu makale, söz konusu yapının Myra’nın limanı
Andriake’deki bu tepede 1812 yılına kadar mevcut olduğunu göstermekte ve bu
yapının Osmanlı otorilerinden izin almaksızın 1812 yılı Eylül ya da Ekim
başlarında, Dilettanti Cemiyeti’nin William Gell önderliğinde Ionia’ya yaptığı
görev ziyareti kapsamında Myra-Andriake’de oldukları sırada kasten ve metodik
olarak tepedeki yerinden kaldırıldığını işaret edecek belgeler sunmaktadır.
Ayrıca, makalede bu yapının ölçülmüş mimari bir kaydının kesinlikle yapıldığı
ama bu çizimlerin Dilettanti Cemiyeti tarafından 1814 yılında yayımlanmadığı
düşüncesi de önerilmektedir.

Makalede bu yapının bugünkü olası yeri hakkında
öneriler yapılmaktadır. Geçtiğimiz 200 yıllık sü­re boyunca Britanya’da ya da
başka bir yerde parçaları yeniden bir araya getirilen bir Roma yapısının
yokluğu da göz önüne alınarak, büyük olasılıkla parçaları ayrıştırılmış bir
şekilde bu Roma yapısını taşıyan gemi batmış gibi görünmektedir ya da gemiyi
kurtarmak için bu ağır kargo büyük olasılıkla 1812 sonunda ya da 1813 yılında
suların derinliklerine bırakılmıştır. Eğer Andriake mermerleri sıkça olduğu
üzere yükün aktarılması amacıyla Akdeniz’de boşaltıldıysa, William Gell
tarafından nakliye amaçlı kullanılan bu geminin adı ya da belki de sayısı iki
olan gemilerin adları bugün bilinmemektedir. Çünkü bunu kaydetmiş olması
gereken ve 1811-1813 arası yapılan Ionia görev gezisine ilişkin Dilettanti
cemiyetinin zimmetinde olan el yazması bülteni, bu anıtla ilgili pek çok şeyle
beraber, kaybolmuş durumdadır.

Keywords

Lykia, Andriake, Roma mausoleum’u, seyrüfeser işaretçisi, Dilettanti Cemiyeti

The Andriake Marbles: record of “a small ruined temple of very white marble” -a Roman 1st – 2nd century hilltop mausoleum and coastal navigational marker at Andriake, Lycia, that disappeared in the early 19th c.

Abstract

There
is first hand record, pictorial, cartographic and in published texts of the
presence of a small Roman square in plan temple-tomb in the Corinthian Order
constructed of very white marble on a prominent coastal hilltop behind
Hadrian’s horrea at Andriake, the port of Myra. It was a structure that from
its location would also have served as a coastal navigational marker over the
course of about 1600 years. All of the surviving primary evidence for it dates
from the two decades between 1792 and 1812. Although reference continued to be
made to this structure from these first hand sources into the latter part of
the 19^th c., this building no longer stood in this location. There
is no primary evidence for the presence of this Roman structure on this hilltop
at Andriake after 1812. Due to the absence of visible physical remains in this location today, in the
recent literature, the record made of it, has been regarded as a inaccurate record
of a nearby Hellenistic tower, a caprice introduced by the artist Luigi Mayer
into his view of Hadrian’s horrea at the Port of Myra-Andriake of 1792, which,
was then repeated by the British Admiralty hydrographer Captain Beaufort in his
work, which seems inexplicable, or has been ignored.

This
article shows this building stood in this hilltop location at Andriake the port
of Myra until 1812 and provides record to indicate that this structure was
deliberately and methodically removed without Ottoman permission from its
hilltop location in September-early October 1812, at the time that the Society
of the Dilettanti Mission to Ionia led by William Gell was at Myra-Andriake. It
also suggests a measured architectural record of this structure was certainly
made, but note of these dra­wings was not published by the Society of
Dilettanti in 1814.

Suggestions are made
as to the possible location of this building today and it seems most probably
the case, in the absence of record of this reassembled Roman structure in
Britain or elsewhere over the course of the past 200 years, that the vessel
transporting the disassembled parts of this Roman building sank, was sunk, or to save the ship,
this heavy cargo was cast into deep water, most probably in late 1812 or in
1813. The name of the vessel used by William Gell for transport, or perhaps,
two vessels, if the Andriake Marbles were offloaded within the Mediterranean
for transshipment, as was often the case, is unknown today, as the handwritten
Journal of the Dilettanti Mission to Ionia of 1811 to 1813, the property of the
Society of Dilettanti, which would have recorded this, and much else besides
concerning this monument, has been lost.

Keywords

Lycia, Andriake, Roman mausoleum, Navigational Marker, Society of Dilettanti

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