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Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Weights from the Ephesus Museum

Year 2024, Volume: 28 , 137 - 194, 13.11.2024
https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.1542655

Abstract

This article, part of the Corpus Ponderum Antiquorum et Islamicorum (= CPAI ) project, introduces 302 balance weights from the collection of the Ephesus Museum, located in Selçuk (Efes), İzmir. The majority of the weights are made of lead, with a smaller number made of bronze. Among these, 115 weights follow the Greek system, while 187 belong to the Roman system, of which some are classified as Byzantine weights. The find spots of these weights are primarily in and around Selçuk and nearby archaeological sites, providing important data for their provenance or attribution. Although some weights bear ethnics, most only feature unit marks; however, their find spots enable accurate attribution. The Roman system weights, especially the librae, range from the theoretical 12 unciae to as much as 25 unciae, indicating adjustments over time due to inflation and devaluation. Among the Byzantine weights, the glass ones, dating from the 5th to 7th centuries AD, are also notable for the monograms they bear. Additionally, a weight made from a coin dates to the 10th-11th centuries AD.

References

  • Aybek, S. - Dreyer, B. 2012. “Gewichte und Agoranomoi aus Metropolis.” ZPE 182: 205-214.
  • Brélaz, C. 2005. La sécurité publique en Asie Mineure sous le Principat (Ier-IIIe s. ap. J.-C.). Basel: Institutions municipales et institutions impériales dans l’Orient romain.
  • Brélaz, C. 2021. “Surveiller le territoire des cités d’Asie Mineure aux époques hellénistique et impériale : aspects administratifs, financiers et fiscaux.” Gephyra 22: 25-67.
  • CPAI 2: Tekin, O. - Baran Çelik, G. 2013. Corpus Ponderum Antiquorum et Islamicorum Turkey 2. Istanbul Archaeological Museums. Greek, Roman, Byzantine and Islamic Weights in the Department of Metal Objects. Istanbul: Turkish Institute of Archaeology.
  • CPAI 3.1: Tekin, O. 2013. Corpus Ponderum Antiquorum et Islamicorum Turkey 3. Suna & İnan Kıraç Foundation Collection at the Pera Museum. Part 1. Late Roman and Byzantine Weights. Istanbul: Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation.
  • CPAI 3.2: Tekin, O. 2015. Suna & İnan Kıraç Foundation Collection at the Pera Museum. Part 2. Late Roman and Byzantine Weights, Corpus Ponderum Antiquorum et Islamicorum Turkey 3. Istanbul: Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation.
  • Doğan Gürbüzer, E. 2020. “Kolophon’dan Telli Çalgı Betimlemeleri ve Kentteki Müzik Olgusu.” TÜBA-AR 27: 179-193.
  • İçten, C. – Engelmann, H. 1992. “Inschriften aus Ephesos und Umgebung.” ZPE 91: 283-295.
  • Devijver, H. 1983. “Ein Bleigewicht mit Agoranomeninschrift aus Metropolis. Tib. Claudius Pollio (?): hippikos apo chiliarchias.” ZPE 50: 270-274.
  • Eichler, F. 1966. “Die österreichischen Ausgrabungen in Ephesos im Jahre 1965.” AnzWien 103/3: 7-16.
  • Jilek, S. 2003. “Die Metall- und Beinfunde”, in: C. Lang-Auinger (ed.), Hanghaus 1 in Ephesos: Funde und Ausstattung. Forschungen in Ephesos VIII/4. Wien: VÖAW, 253-312.
  • Kisch, B. 1965. Scales and Weights. A Historical Outline, New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
  • Meriç, R. 1981. “Metrologische Funde aus Metropolis und Ephesos.” ZPE 41: 211-215.
  • Pink, K. 1938. Römische und byzantinische Gewichte in österreichischen Sammlungen. Baden bei Wien: Rudolf M. Rohrer.
  • Pondera Online. An Online Database of Ancient and Byzantine Weights.
  • Pülz, A. 2020. Byzantinische kleinfunde aus Ephesos. Wien: VÖAW.
  • Rathmayr, E. 2016. “XV Kleinfunde.” In: E. Rathmayr (ed.), Hanghaus 2 in Ephesos. Die Wohneinheit 7. Baubefund, Ausstattung, Funde, Forschungen in Ephesos VIII/10. Textband 2. Wien: VÖAW, 467-518.
  • Taeuber, H. 2016. “VIII Graffiti.” In E. Rathmayr (ed.), Hanghaus 2 in Ephesos. Die Wohneinheit 7. Baubefund, Ausstattung, Funde. Forschungen in Ephesos VIII/10. Textband 1. Wien: VÖAW, 233-257.
  • Tekin, O. 2013. “Ancient and Ottoman Weights in the Collection of Bursa Museum.” In: O. Tekin – M. H. Sayar – E. Konyar (edd.), Tarhan Armağanı. M. Taner Tarhan’a Sunulan Makaleler / Studies in Honour of M. Taner Tarhan. Istanbul: Ege Yayınları, 329-338.
  • Tekin, O. 2016. Balance Weights in the Aegean World, Istanbul: Turkish Institute of Archaeology.
  • Tekin, O. 2019. The Charm of the Market, Exhibition Catalog, Antalya and Istanbul: Koç Üniversitesi AKMED.
  • Tekin, O. 2024a. “Hellenistic Weights in the İzak Eskinazi Collection.” Gephyra 27: 55-80.
  • Tekin, O. 2024b. “Three Six-Libra Lead Weights from Ionia.” ANMED 22: 18-22.
  • Theodorou, E. 2022. “Neue und alte Marktgewichte und die Agoranomie im kaiserzeitlichen Ephesos.” ÖJh 91: 253-272.
  • Weiß, P. 2016. “Jenseits der Agoranomie. Neue und alte griechische Marktgewichte der Kaiserzeit.” ZPE 200: 247-273.
  • Weiß, P. 2017. “Gewichte griechischer Städte II. Kontrollstempel mit der Hauptgottheit auf kaiserzeitlichen Stathma Ioniens und Lydiens.” In: H. Beck et al. (eds.), Von Magna Graecia nach Asia Minor. Festschrift für Linda-Marie Günther zum 65. Geburtstag. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 311-326.

Efes Müzesi‘nden Yunan, Roma ve Bizans Ağırlıkları

Year 2024, Volume: 28 , 137 - 194, 13.11.2024
https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.1542655

Abstract

Bu makale, Corpus Ponderum Antiquorum et Islamicorum (= CPAI ) projesi kapsamında olup İzmir'in Selçuk ilçesinde yer alan Efes Müzesi koleksiyonundaki 302 adet terazi ağırlığını ele almaktadır. Ağırlıkların çoğunluğu kurşundan yapılmıştır, az bir kısmı ise bronzdur. Bunlar arasında 115 ağırlık Yunan sistemi birimlerinde üretilmişken, 187'si Roma sistemine aittir ve Roma sistemindekilerin de bir kısmı Bizans ağırlıkları olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır. Ağırlıkların buluntu yerleri ağırlıklı olarak Selçuk (Efes) ve çevresindeki arkeolojik alanlardır ve bu da onların provenansı veya atribüsyonu açısından önemli veriler sağlar. Bazı ağırlıklar etnikon taşırken, çoğunda sadece birim işaretleri bulunur; ancak buluntu yerleri atribüsyonlarını mümkün kılmaktadır. Roma sistemi ağırlıkları, özellikle libra’lar, 12 uncia’lık teorik ağırlıktan 25 uncia'ya değin değişiklik gösterir, bu da zamanla enflasyon ve devalüasyon nedeniyle yapılan ayarlamaları işaret eder. Bizans ağırlıkları arasında, MS 5.-7. yüzyıllara tarihlenen Bizans cam ağırlıkları, taşıdıkları monogramlar açısından dikkat çekicidir. Ayrıca, sikkeden yapılmış bir ağırlık MS 10.-11. yüzyıllara tarihlenmektedir.

References

  • Aybek, S. - Dreyer, B. 2012. “Gewichte und Agoranomoi aus Metropolis.” ZPE 182: 205-214.
  • Brélaz, C. 2005. La sécurité publique en Asie Mineure sous le Principat (Ier-IIIe s. ap. J.-C.). Basel: Institutions municipales et institutions impériales dans l’Orient romain.
  • Brélaz, C. 2021. “Surveiller le territoire des cités d’Asie Mineure aux époques hellénistique et impériale : aspects administratifs, financiers et fiscaux.” Gephyra 22: 25-67.
  • CPAI 2: Tekin, O. - Baran Çelik, G. 2013. Corpus Ponderum Antiquorum et Islamicorum Turkey 2. Istanbul Archaeological Museums. Greek, Roman, Byzantine and Islamic Weights in the Department of Metal Objects. Istanbul: Turkish Institute of Archaeology.
  • CPAI 3.1: Tekin, O. 2013. Corpus Ponderum Antiquorum et Islamicorum Turkey 3. Suna & İnan Kıraç Foundation Collection at the Pera Museum. Part 1. Late Roman and Byzantine Weights. Istanbul: Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation.
  • CPAI 3.2: Tekin, O. 2015. Suna & İnan Kıraç Foundation Collection at the Pera Museum. Part 2. Late Roman and Byzantine Weights, Corpus Ponderum Antiquorum et Islamicorum Turkey 3. Istanbul: Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation.
  • Doğan Gürbüzer, E. 2020. “Kolophon’dan Telli Çalgı Betimlemeleri ve Kentteki Müzik Olgusu.” TÜBA-AR 27: 179-193.
  • İçten, C. – Engelmann, H. 1992. “Inschriften aus Ephesos und Umgebung.” ZPE 91: 283-295.
  • Devijver, H. 1983. “Ein Bleigewicht mit Agoranomeninschrift aus Metropolis. Tib. Claudius Pollio (?): hippikos apo chiliarchias.” ZPE 50: 270-274.
  • Eichler, F. 1966. “Die österreichischen Ausgrabungen in Ephesos im Jahre 1965.” AnzWien 103/3: 7-16.
  • Jilek, S. 2003. “Die Metall- und Beinfunde”, in: C. Lang-Auinger (ed.), Hanghaus 1 in Ephesos: Funde und Ausstattung. Forschungen in Ephesos VIII/4. Wien: VÖAW, 253-312.
  • Kisch, B. 1965. Scales and Weights. A Historical Outline, New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
  • Meriç, R. 1981. “Metrologische Funde aus Metropolis und Ephesos.” ZPE 41: 211-215.
  • Pink, K. 1938. Römische und byzantinische Gewichte in österreichischen Sammlungen. Baden bei Wien: Rudolf M. Rohrer.
  • Pondera Online. An Online Database of Ancient and Byzantine Weights.
  • Pülz, A. 2020. Byzantinische kleinfunde aus Ephesos. Wien: VÖAW.
  • Rathmayr, E. 2016. “XV Kleinfunde.” In: E. Rathmayr (ed.), Hanghaus 2 in Ephesos. Die Wohneinheit 7. Baubefund, Ausstattung, Funde, Forschungen in Ephesos VIII/10. Textband 2. Wien: VÖAW, 467-518.
  • Taeuber, H. 2016. “VIII Graffiti.” In E. Rathmayr (ed.), Hanghaus 2 in Ephesos. Die Wohneinheit 7. Baubefund, Ausstattung, Funde. Forschungen in Ephesos VIII/10. Textband 1. Wien: VÖAW, 233-257.
  • Tekin, O. 2013. “Ancient and Ottoman Weights in the Collection of Bursa Museum.” In: O. Tekin – M. H. Sayar – E. Konyar (edd.), Tarhan Armağanı. M. Taner Tarhan’a Sunulan Makaleler / Studies in Honour of M. Taner Tarhan. Istanbul: Ege Yayınları, 329-338.
  • Tekin, O. 2016. Balance Weights in the Aegean World, Istanbul: Turkish Institute of Archaeology.
  • Tekin, O. 2019. The Charm of the Market, Exhibition Catalog, Antalya and Istanbul: Koç Üniversitesi AKMED.
  • Tekin, O. 2024a. “Hellenistic Weights in the İzak Eskinazi Collection.” Gephyra 27: 55-80.
  • Tekin, O. 2024b. “Three Six-Libra Lead Weights from Ionia.” ANMED 22: 18-22.
  • Theodorou, E. 2022. “Neue und alte Marktgewichte und die Agoranomie im kaiserzeitlichen Ephesos.” ÖJh 91: 253-272.
  • Weiß, P. 2016. “Jenseits der Agoranomie. Neue und alte griechische Marktgewichte der Kaiserzeit.” ZPE 200: 247-273.
  • Weiß, P. 2017. “Gewichte griechischer Städte II. Kontrollstempel mit der Hauptgottheit auf kaiserzeitlichen Stathma Ioniens und Lydiens.” In: H. Beck et al. (eds.), Von Magna Graecia nach Asia Minor. Festschrift für Linda-Marie Günther zum 65. Geburtstag. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 311-326.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Latin and Classical Greek Languages, Greek and Roman Period Archeology, Classical Greek and Roman History
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Oğuz Tekin

Publication Date November 13, 2024
Submission Date September 3, 2024
Acceptance Date October 1, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 28

Cite

APA Tekin, O. (2024). Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Weights from the Ephesus Museum. Gephyra, 28, 137-194. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.1542655
AMA Tekin O. Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Weights from the Ephesus Museum. GEPHYRA. November 2024;28:137-194. doi:10.37095/gephyra.1542655
Chicago Tekin, Oğuz. “Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Weights from the Ephesus Museum”. Gephyra 28, November (November 2024): 137-94. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.1542655.
EndNote Tekin O (November 1, 2024) Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Weights from the Ephesus Museum. Gephyra 28 137–194.
IEEE O. Tekin, “Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Weights from the Ephesus Museum”, GEPHYRA, vol. 28, pp. 137–194, 2024, doi: 10.37095/gephyra.1542655.
ISNAD Tekin, Oğuz. “Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Weights from the Ephesus Museum”. Gephyra 28 (November 2024), 137-194. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.1542655.
JAMA Tekin O. Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Weights from the Ephesus Museum. GEPHYRA. 2024;28:137–194.
MLA Tekin, Oğuz. “Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Weights from the Ephesus Museum”. Gephyra, vol. 28, 2024, pp. 137-94, doi:10.37095/gephyra.1542655.
Vancouver Tekin O. Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Weights from the Ephesus Museum. GEPHYRA. 2024;28:137-94.