MILK, INSULIN LIKE GROWTH FACTOR (IGF-1) and HEALTH

Year 2022, Volume: 47 Issue: 6, 1140 - 1152, 15.12.2022

Sedef Nehir El , Sibel Karakaya

https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD22084

Abstract

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), present in varying amounts in all mammalian milks, is a major regulator of the growth gene signaling system in the newborn. The main biological functions of IGF-1, an important anabolic hormone, are the regulation of cell metabolism, growth, cell proliferation, and programmed cell death (apoptosis). There are studies that reveal positive and negative effects or disease risks on human health with the level of IGF-1 in serum. A low level of serum IGF-1 is associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases, cardiac autophagy, hypertension, sarcopenia, nervous system diseases, and type 2 diabetes, while a high IGF-1 level is associated with prostate, premenopausal breast, and colorectal cancers and short life expectancy. IGF-1 is known to have a protective effect against Alzheimer's, dementia, and Parkinson's disease. When systematic reviews and meta-analysis studies are examined, it is clear that more studies are needed to obtain more consistent results regarding IGF-1 levels and the health effects of milk consumption. In addition, there are insufficient studies on how IGF-1 in milk is affected by milk processing and digestion, in terms of quantity and molecular level.

Keywords

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), in vitro digestion, bioavailability, milk consumption

SÜT, İNSÜLİN BENZERİ BÜYÜME FAKTÖRÜ (IGF-1) ve SAĞLIK

Abstract

Tüm memeli sütlerinde farklı miktarlarda bulunan insülin benzeri büyüme faktörü (IGF-1) yenidoğan için büyüme gen sinyalizasyon sisteminin başlıca düzenleyicisidir. Önemli bir anabolik hormon olan IGF-1’in temel biyolojik fonksiyonları hücre metabolizmasının düzenlenmesi, büyüme, hücre çoğalması ve programlı hücre ölümüdür. Serumdaki IGF-1’in seviyesi ile insan sağlığı üzerine olumlu ve olumsuz etkilerini veya hastalık risklerini ortaya koyan çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Serum IGF-1 seviyesindeki azalma, kalp-damar hastalıkları, kalp otofaji, hipertansiyon, sarkopeni, sinir sistemi hastalıkları ve tip 2 diyabet riskleri ile ilişkilendirilirken, yüksek IGF-1 miktarı prostat, menopoz öncesi meme ve kolerektal kanserlerle ve yaşam süresinin kısalmasıyla bağlantılı bulunmaktadır. IGF-1’in Alzheimer, demans, Parkinson hastalıklarından koruyucu etkisi olduğu bilinmektedir. Sistematik derlemeler ve meta analiz çalışmaları incelendiğinde, süt tüketiminin IGF-1 seviyesi ve sağlık üzerine etkileri ile ilgili daha tutarlı sonuçlar elde etmek için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Ayrıca sütteki IGF-1’in miktar olarak ve moleküler düzeyde, süte uygulanan ısısal olan veya olmayan işlemlerden ve sindirimden nasıl etkilendiğine dair çalışmalar yetersizdir.

Keywords

İnsülin-benzeri büyüme faktörü (IGF-1), in vitro sindirim, biyoyararlılık, süt tüketimi

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