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                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Gazi Journal of Economics and Business</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2548-0162</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Aydın KARAPINAR</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30855/gjeb.2022.8.1.012</article-id>
                                                                                                                                                                                            <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Analysis of the effects of tax wedge on female and male employment in OECD countries by panel data method</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>OECD ülkelerinde vergi takozunun kadın ve erkek istihdamına etkilerinin panel veri yöntemi ile analizi</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4651-2007</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Nalbant Efe</surname>
                                    <given-names>Gözde</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İSTANBUL MEDENİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0677-7841</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Akgül Yılmaz</surname>
                                    <given-names>Gülay</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>MARMARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20220218">
                    <day>02</day>
                    <month>18</month>
                    <year>2022</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>8</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>179</fpage>
                                        <lpage>202</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20211102">
                        <day>11</day>
                        <month>02</month>
                        <year>2021</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20211203">
                        <day>12</day>
                        <month>03</month>
                        <year>2021</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2015, Gazi Journal of Economics and Business</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Gazi Journal of Economics and Business</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>In this study, it is aimed to compare the effects of tax wedge on female and male employment in the OECD countries. Between the period 2000-2019, for 36 OECD countries, the relationship between tax wedge indicators and total employment, female employment and male employment were examined by panel data analysis method. Growth, investment level, public sector size, service sector and EPL index indicators were used as control variables in the models. Findings obtained from models estimated with eight different average tax wedge indicators; showed that the relationship between the tax wedge on those earning less than the average wage and employment is insignificant, even if it is negative. This finding shows that as income level increases, elasticity also increases; in other words, labor supply is inelastic at low income levels. The negative effect of the tax wedge for single individuals who earn average and above wage income is higher on female employment compared to the negative effect on male employment. It is found that the negative effect of tax wedge on female employment is higher in couples who are married, have children and both work. As a result, to the extent that the family&#039;s financial possibilities allow, female employment in families with children is affected more by the burden of taxes and similar obligations compared to male employment.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Bu çalışmada OECD ülkelerinde vergi takozunun kadın ve erkek istihdamı üzerindeki etkilerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. 36 OECD üyesi ülkenin 2000-2019 dönemi için vergi takozu göstergeleri ile toplam istihdam, kadın istihdamı ve erkek istihdamı arasındaki ilişkiler panel veri analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Modellerde büyüme, yatırım düzeyi, kamu kesimi büyüklüğü, hizmet sektörü ve EPL endeksi göstergeleri kontrol değişken olarak kullanılmıştır. Sekiz farklı ortalama vergi takozu göstergesi için de tahmin edilen modellerden elde edilen bulgular; ortalama ücretin altında gelir elde edenler üzerindeki vergi takozu ile istihdam arasındaki ilişkinin negatif yönlü olsa da anlamsız olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu bulgu, gelir düzeyi arttıkça esnekliğin de arttığını, başka bir deyişle düşük gelir düzeylerinde emek arzının esnek olmadığını göstermektedir. Ortalama ve üstü ücret geliri elde eden bekar bireyler üzerindeki vergi takozunun kadın istihdamı üzerindeki negatif etkisi, erkek istihdamı üzerindeki negatif etkisinden daha yüksektir. Evli ve çocuklu olup, iki kişinin de çalıştığı çiftlerde de vergi takozunun kadın istihdamı üzerindeki negatif etkisinin daha fazla olduğu bulgusu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Sonuç olarak ailenin mali imkanları elverdiği ölçüde çocuklu ailelerde kadın istihdamı, erkek istihdamına kıyasla vergi ve benzeri yükümlülüklerin getirdiği yükten daha fazla etkilenmektedir.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Kadın istihdamı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  erkek istihdamı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  vergi takozu</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Female employment</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  male employment</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  tax wedge</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
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