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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Gazi Journal of Economics and Business</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2548-0162</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Aydın KARAPINAR</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30855/gjeb.2023.9.1.002</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Economics</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Ekonomi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Analysis of Turkey&#039;s bilateral trade dynamics: The structural gravity model approach</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Türkiye’nin ikili ticaret dinamiklerinin analizi: Yapısal çekim modeli yaklaşımı</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-5503</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Akça</surname>
                                    <given-names>Emrah Eray</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Çukurova Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi İktisat Bölümü</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20230227">
                    <day>02</day>
                    <month>27</month>
                    <year>2023</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>9</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>20</fpage>
                                        <lpage>36</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20220325">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>25</month>
                        <year>2022</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20230222">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>22</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2015, Gazi Journal of Economics and Business</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Gazi Journal of Economics and Business</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Since the early 2000s, developments in Türkiye&#039;s trade performance have made it necessary to analyze this process and enrich it with policies to maximize the contribution of trade performance to the Turkish economy. Starting from this motivation, this study analyzes the dynamics of Türkiye&#039;s bilateral trade flows in the framework of the structural gravity model using the panel data for the 2003-2020 period. In this context, export and import models are estimated separately by the Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood (PPML) method. The general results of the study reveal that Türkiye&#039;s bilateral trade flows are mostly determined by both its own and its partners’ economic sizes. Additionally, some geographical factors such as physical distance, common border, and landlocked location as well as demographic indicators like cultural similarity are among the important factors affecting trade flows. While trade agreements are not found statistically significant for Türkiye&#039;s trade dynamics, partner countries&#039; membership in World Trade Organization is found to have negative impacts on Türkiye&#039;s trade developments. The findings of the study contain notable implications for Türkiye in terms of policies to be implemented to reach the targeted trade volume.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Türkiye’nin uluslararası ticaretinde 2000’li yılların başından itibaren gözlenen gelişmeler, söz konusu sürecin kapsamlı analizlere tabi tutulması ve Türkiye ekonomisine katkısını azamileştirecek politikalarla zenginleştirilmesi gereksinimini beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu motivasyondan hareketle bu çalışmada 2003-2020 dönemi kapsamında Türkiye’nin ikili ticaret dinamikleri yapısal çekim modeli çerçevesinde analiz edilmektedir. Bu bağlamda kurgulanan ihracat ve ithalat modelleri Poisson pseudo en çok olabilirlik (PPML) yöntemi kullanılarak tahmin edilmektedir. Çalışmanın genel analiz bulguları, Türkiye’nin ikili ticaret akımlarının ağırlıklı olarak kendi ve ticaret ortaklarının ekonomik büyüklükleri tarafından belirlendiğine işaret etmektedir. Ayrıca fiziki mesafe, ortak sınır ve ticaret ortağı ülkenin denize kıyısı olmaması gibi coğrafi faktörlerin ve kültürel benzerlik gibi demografik unsurların Türkiye’nin uluslararası ticaret gelişmeleri bakımından önem taşıdıkları sonucuna varılmıştır. Ticaret anlaşmalarının ikili ticaret akımları üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi bulunmazken, ticaret ortağı ülkelerin Dünya Ticaret Örgütü üyeliklerinin ikili ticaret akımlarını negatif yönde etkilediği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular Türkiye’nin hedeflenen ticaret hacmine ulaşması için uygulanacak politikalar konusunda önemli çıkarımları bünyesinde barındırmaktadır.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>İkili ticaret akımları</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  yapısal çekim modeli</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  PPML</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Türkiye</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Bilateral trade flows</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  structural gravity model</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  PPML</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Turkey</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
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