<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Gazi Journal of Economics and Business</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2548-0162</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Aydın KARAPINAR</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Business Administration</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>İşletme </subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>KAPASİTE KISITLI STOKASTİK STOK PROBLEMİİÇİN BENZETİMSEL DİNAMİK PROGRAMLAMA SEZGİSELİ</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>AN APPROXIMATE DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING HEURISTIC FOR THE CAPACITATED STOCHASTIC INVENTORY PROBLEM</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Çimen</surname>
                                    <given-names>Mustafa</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Belbağ</surname>
                                    <given-names>Sedat</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Soysal</surname>
                                    <given-names>Mehmet</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20160217">
                    <day>02</day>
                    <month>17</month>
                    <year>2016</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>2</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>43</fpage>
                                        <lpage>64</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20160217">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>17</month>
                        <year>2016</year>
                    </date>
                                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2015, Gazi Journal of Economics and Business</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Gazi Journal of Economics and Business</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Rekabetçi bir ortamda faaliyet gösteren işletmeler için belirsizlik altında stok yönetimioldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışma kapasite kısıtlı stokastik stok problemine Benzetimsel DinamikProgramlama (Approximate Dynamic Programming‐ADP) tabanlı bir sezgisel yöntemönermektedir. Önerilen sezgisel yöntem, Geçici Farklarla Öğrenme (Temporal DifferenceLearning‐TD) yöntemini kullanmaktadır. Söz konusu problem için sezgisel yöntemden elde edilençözümlerin performansı, Dinamik Programlama algoritmasından elde edilen optimal sonuçlar ilekarşılaştırılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sayısal örnekler sonucunda ADP’nin kısa süre içerisinde ümitvadeden sonuçlar verdiği gözlenmiştir.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Inventory management under uncertainty is crucial for enterprises operating in competitive environment. This study presents a heuristic based on Approximate Dynamic Programming for the capacitated stochastic inventory problem. The proposed heuristic employs Temporal Difference Learning method. The performance of the heuristic solutions for the aforementioned problem has been assessed relative to the optimal solutions obtained through Dynamic Programming algorithm. Numerical experiments show that Approximate Dynamic Programming provides promising solutions within relatively short computational times.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Stokastik Stok Problemi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   Kapasite Kısıtı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   Dinamik Programlama</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   Sezgisel</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   Benzetimsel Dinamik Programlama</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Stochastic Inventory Problem</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Capacity Constraint</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Dynamic Programming</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Heuristic</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Approximate Dynamic Programming</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Aviv, Y., Federgruen, A. (1997). Stochastic Inventory Models With Limited Production Capacity and Periodically Varying Parameters, Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences, 11(1), 107‐135.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Axsäter, S. (1990). Simple Solution Procedures For A Class Of Two‐chelon Inventory Problems, Operations Research, 38(1), 64‐69.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Chen, H. D., Hearn, D. W., Lee, C. Y. (1994). A New Dynamic Programming Algorithm For The Single Item Capacitated Dynamic Lot Size Model, Journal of Global Optimization, 4(3), 285‐</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">-</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">De Vericourt, F., Karaesmen, F., Dallery, Y. (2002). Optimal Stock Allocation For A Capacitated Supply System, Management Science, 48(11), 1486‐1501.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ehrhardt, R. (1984). (s, S) Policies For A Dynamic Inventory Model With Stochastic Lead Times,</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Operations Research, 32(1), 121‐132.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Erdelyi, A., Topaloglu, H. (2011). Using Decomposition Methods to Solve Pricing Problems in Network Revenue Management, Journal of Revenue &amp; Pricing Management, 10(4), 325‐ 343.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Federgruen, A., Zipkin, P. (1986a). An Inventory Model With Limited Production Capacity and Uncertain Demands I. The Average‐Cost Criterion, Mathematics of Operations Research, 11(2), 193‐207.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Federgruen, A., Zipkin, P. (1986b). An Inventory Model With Limited Production Capacity And Uncertain Demands II. The Discounted‐Cost Criterion, Mathematics of Operations Research, 11(2), 208‐215.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gallego, G., Scheller‐Wolf, A. (2000). Capacitated Inventory Problems With Fixed Order Costs: Some Optimal Policy Structure, European Journal of Operational Research, 126(3), 603‐613.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">He, H. Z. (2013). An Approximate Dynamic Programming Approach For Computing Base Stock Levels. In The 19th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (749‐757). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Iglehart, D. L. (1963). Optimality of (s, S) Policies in the Infinite Horizon Dynamic Inventory Problem, Management science, 9(2), 259‐267.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Iida, T., Zipkin, P. H. (2006). Approximate Solutions of A Dynamic Forecast‐Inventory Model, Manufacturing &amp; Service Operations Management, 8(4), 407‐425.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kapuściński, R., Tayur, S. (1998). A Capacitated Production‐Inventory Model With Periodic Demand, Operations Research, 46(6), 899‐911.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Katanyukul, T., Duff, W. S., Chong, E. K. (2011). Approximate Dynamic Programming For An Inventory Problem: Empirical Comparison, Computers &amp; Industrial Engineering, 60(4), 719‐743.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Levi, R., Roundy, R. O., Shmoys, D. B., Truong, V. A. (2008). Approximation Algorithms For Capacitated Stochastic Inventory Control Models, Operations Research, 56(5), 1184‐1199.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Özer, Ö., Wei, W. (2004). Inventory Control With Limited Capacity and Advance Demand Information, Operations Research, 52(6), 988‐1000.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Powell, W. B. (2007). Approximate Dynamic Programming: Solving The Curses of Dimensionality, John Wiley &amp; Sons.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Pratikakis, N. E., Realff, M. J., Lee, J. H. (2010). Strategic Capacity Decision‐Making in A Stochastic Manufacturing Environment Using Real‐Time Approximate Dynamic Programming, Naval Research Logistics (NRL), 57(3), 211‐224.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Roundy, R. O., Muckstadt, J. A. (2000). Heuristic Computation of Periodic‐Review Base Stock Inventory Policies, Management Science, 46(1), 104‐109.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Scarf, H. (1959). The Optimality of (s, S) Policies in the Dynamic Inventory Problem, in K. J. Arrow, S. Karlin, P. Suppes (eds.), Mathematical Methods in the Social Science, Stanford University</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Press, Stanford.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sethi, S. P., Cheng, F. (1997). Optimality of (s, S) Policies in Inventory Models With Markovian Demand, Operations Research, 45(6), 931‐939.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Shaw, D. X., Wagelmans, A. P. (1998). An Algorithm For Single‐Item Capacitated Economic Lot Sizing With Piecewise Linear Production Costs and General Holding Costs, Management Science, 44(6), 831‐838.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Shervais, S., Shannon, T. T., Lendaris, G. G. (2003). Intelligent Supply Chain Management Using Adaptive Critic Learning, Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans, IEEE Transactions on, 33(2), 235‐244.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sobel, M. J., Zhang, R. Q. (2001). Inventory Policies For Systems With Stochastic and Deterministic Demand, Operations research, 49(1), 157‐162.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sutton, R. S., Barto, A. G. (1998). Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction, MIT Press, Masachusetts.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Topaloglu, H., Kunnumkal, S. (2006). Approximate Dynamic Programming Methods For An Inventory Allocation Problem Under Uncertainty, Naval Research Logistics (NRL), 53(8), 822‐841.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Van Hoesel, C. P. M., Wagelmans, A. P. (2001). Fully Polynomial Approximation Schemes For Single‐Item Capacitated Economic Lot‐Sizing Problems, Mathematics of Operations Research, 26(2), 339‐357.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yu, H., Bertsekas, D. P. (2013). Q‐Learning And Policy Iteration Algorithm</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
