DÜŞMANLARIN NEZAKETİ ROMANINDA SİYASAL İSLAM/OFOBİ

Year 2021, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 226 - 232, 30.12.2021

Mustafa Büyükgebiz

https://doi.org/10.48145/gopsbad.989541

Cited By: 1

Abstract

İslamofobi kökü eskilere dayanan bir olgu olsa da özellikle 11 Eylül terör saldırılarından sonra yoğun bir şekilde gündeme gelmiş ve Batı’nın yeni düşmanı olarak İslam akıllara kazınmıştır. Batı toplumunda varlığı genel olarak titizlikle incelenen İslam korkusu sadece Batı toplumları tarafından yaratılmamıştır. Siyasal İslam doktrini dini siyasi emellerin temeline oturtmuş ve radikal İslam anlayışı doğrultusunda ilerlemiş, Müslüman topluluklar arasında da İslamofobi olgusunu körüklemiştir. Bu etkilerin en net şekilde incelenebildiği temel, Batı'da yaşayan Müslüman göçmen topluluklarıdır.
Leila Aboulela siyasal İslam'ın bu zararlarını gözlemler ve eserlerine yansıtır ve 19. ve 21. yüzyıl İslamofobi anlayışlarını Düşmanların Nezaketi adlı romanında anlatılan iki paralel öykü üzerinden karşılaştırır. Siyasal ve radikal İslam'ın İslamofobi'yi nasıl farklı kıldığını aktarır ve Müslüman göçmenlerin bundan nasıl etkilendiğini canlı örneklerle ortaya ortaya koyar. Bu bağlamda, bu makalenin amacı İslamofobi ile siyasal İslam arasındaki ilişkiyi somutlaştırmak, İslamofobinin Batı Müslüman göçmen topluluklarındaki etkilerini romandaki tartışmayı örnekleyen alıntılarla tartışmaktır.

Keywords

Siyasal İslam, İslamofobi, Göçmen Edebiyatı, ırkçılık, Radikal İslam

POLITICAL ISLAM/OPHOBIA IN THE KINDNESS OF ENEMIES

Abstract

Although Islamophobia is an ancient phenomenon, it has come to the fore, especially after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, and Islam has been put forward as the new enemy of the West. The fear of Islam, whose existence is generally scrutinized in Western society, is not created by Western societies alone. Political Islam doctrine placed the religion based on political ambitions and advanced in line with the understanding of radical Islam and fuelled the phenomenon of Islamophobia among Muslim communities. The basis where these effects can be examined most clearly is the Muslim immigrant communities living in the West.
Leila Aboulela observes these damages of political Islam, reflects it in her works, and compares the 19th and 21st-century understandings of Islamophobia through two parallel stories narrated in her novel The Kindness of Enemies. She explains how political and radical Islam differentiates Islamophobia and unfolds how the Muslim immigrants were affected with vivid examples. In this context, this article aims to embody the relationship between Islamophobia and political Islam, to discuss the effects of Islamophobia in Western Muslim immigrant communities with quotations exemplifying the discussion in the novel.

Keywords

Political Islam, Islamophobia, Immigrant Literature, racism, Radical Islam

References

• Aboulela, L . (2015). The Kindness of Enemies. New York: Grove Press.
• Alkodimi, K. A. (2021). Islamophobia, Othering and the Sense of Loss: Leila Aboulela’s The Kindness of Enemies. Arab World English Journal for Translation & Literary Studies 5 (1) 144-158.
• Bale, J. M. (2009). Islamism and Totalitarianism, Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, 10:2, 73-96, DOI: 10.1080/14690760903371313
• Bayraklı, E. Hafez, F & Faytre, L. (2018). Making sense of Islamophobia in Muslim Societies. In Bayraklı, E., & Hafez, F. (Eds.). Islamophobia in Muslim Majority Societies (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429464850
• Bleich, E. (2012). Defining and Researching Islamophobia. Review of Middle East Studies, 46(2), 180-189.
• Dubosh, E, Poulakis, M & Abdelghani, N. (2015). Islamophobia and Law Enforcement in a Post 9/11 World. Islamophobia Studies Journal, 3(1), 138-157. doi:10.13169/islastudj.3.1.0138
• Englund, L. (2020). Toward postmigrant realities in Leila Aboulela’s Elsewhere, Home. The Journal of Commonwealth Literature. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021989420927759
• Giuliani, C., Tagliabue, S. & Regalia, C. (2018). Psychological Well-Being, Multiple Identities, and Discrimination Among First and Second Generation Immigrant Muslims. Europe's Journal of Psychology, Vol. 14(1), 66–87, doi:10.5964/ejop.v14i1.1434
• Kalın, İ. (2011). Islamophobia and the Limits of Multiculturalism. In J. Louis Esposito & İ. Kalın (Eds.), Islamophobia: the challenge of pluralism in the 21st century. pp. 50-61. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Karipek, A. (2020). Portrayals of Jihad: A Cause of Islamophobia. Islamophobia Studies Journal, 5(2), 210-255. Retrieved August 24, 2021, from https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.13169/islastudj.5.2.0210
• Rana, J. (2007). The Story of Islamophobia, Souls: A Critical Journal of Black Politics, Culture, and Society, 9:2, 148-161, DOI: 10.1080/10999940701382607
• Rehman, J. (2003). Islamophobia after 9/11: International Terrorism, Sharia and Muslim Minorities in Europe ― The Case of the United Kingdom, European Yearbook of Minority Issues Online, 3(1), 217-235. doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/221161104X00129
• Roy, O. (1994). The Failure of Political Islam. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
• Tibi B. (2009). Political Islam as a Forum of Religious Fundamentalism and the Religionisation of Politics: Islamism and the Quest for a Remaking of the World, Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, 10:2, 97-120, DOI: 10.1080/14690760903141898