IJTES requires authors to provide ethics committee approval for research involving human or animal participants, personal data, or procedures subject to ethical oversight. Authors must upload the official ethics approval document during submission and provide the corresponding details in the manuscript. When submitting the anonymized manuscript, ethics information must be presented in a non-identifying format. Full details, including the name of the ethics committee, approval date, and approval number, must be included on the Title Page.

If a study does not require ethics committee approval under national or institutional regulations, the corresponding author must upload a signed statement explaining the reason why ethical approval is not needed.

Types of Studies Requiring Ethics Committee Approval

Ethics approval is required for the following types of research:

• qualitative or quantitative studies collecting data from participants through questionnaires, interviews, observations, or experiments
• studies using humans or animals (including biological materials or data) for experimental or scientific purposes
• clinical studies involving human subjects
• studies involving animals
• retrospective studies that process personal data in ways governed by data protection regulations

Informed Consent, Permissions, and Copyright

For case studies, authors must explain:

• how informed consent was obtained,
• how permission was granted to use others’ instruments, materials, photos, or documents,
• how copyright and intellectual property rights were respected.

Authors are responsible for ensuring compliance with ethical principles, participant privacy, informed consent procedures, and relevant national and international regulations.