Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf var. furfuracea and Evernia prunastri Lichens Collected from Black Sea Region

Year 2012, Volume: 25 Issue: 3, 557 - 565, 19.07.2012

Bahar Bılgın Sokmen Kadir Kınalıoglu Sinem Aydın

Abstract

The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the acetone extracts of lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea var. furfuracea (PF) and Evernia prunastri (EP) were investigated. Different antioxidant tests were applied such as ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity and reducing power. Antimicrobial activities of lichen extracts were determined by agar well diffusion method and micro-well dilution assay. All lichen extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against test bacteria. Antioxidant activity of PF extract is higher than EP extract. Acetone extracts of PF and EP could be considered as a source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.

Keywords

Antioxidant Activity, Antimicrobial Activity, Evernia prunastri, Pseudevernia furfuracea

References

• Ceriello, A., “New insights on oxidative stres and diabetic complication may lead to a “casual” antioxidant theraphy”, Diabetes Cares, 26: 15891596, (2003). [2] Rice-Evans, C.A., Miller, N.J., Paganga, G., “Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds”, Trends Plant Sci., 2: 152-159, (1997). [3] Silva, B.A., Ferreres, F., Malva, J.O., Dias, A.C.P., “Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum alcoholic extracts”, Food Chem., 90: 157-167, (2005). [4] Harbottle, H., Thakur, S., Zhao, S., White, D.G., “Genetics of antimicrobial resistance”, Anim. Biotechnol., 17: 111-124, (2006). [5] Coates, A., Hu, Y., Bax, R., Page, C., “The future challanges facing the development of new antimicrobial drugs”, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 1: 895-910, (2002). [6] Uphof, J. C. T., “ Dictionary of economic plants”, Hafner Publishing, New York, 268, (1959). [7] Perez-Llano, G. A., “Lichens: their biological and economic significance.”, Bot. Rev., 10(1): 1-65, (1944). [8] González-Tejero, M.R., Martínez-Lirola, M.J., Casares-Porcel, M., Molero-Mesa, J., “Three lichens used in popular medicine in Eastern Andalucia (Spain)”, Econ. Bot., 49(1): 96–98, (1995). [9] Senft, E., “The so-called 'Lichen Quercinus virides' ”, Pharm. Post., 43: 1017-1019, (1911). [10] Lindley, J., “A botanical account of all the more important plants used in medicine, in different parts of the world” in Flora Medica. Printed by Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London, pp. 655, (1838). [11] Lin, J., Opoku, A.R., Geheeb-Keller, M., Hutchings, A.D., Terblanche, S.E., Jager, A.K., Van Staden, J., “Preliminary screening of some traditional zulu medicinal plants for antiinflammatory and anti-microbial activities”, J. Ethnopharmacol., 68: 267–274, (1999). [12] Murray, P.R., Baron, E.J., Pfaller, M.A., Tenover, F.C., Yolke, R.H., “Manual of Clinical Microbiology”, ASM press, Washington, DC. pp.1711, (1995). [13] Boyanova, L., Gergova, G., Nikolov, R., Derejian, S., Lazarova, E., Katsarov, N., Mitov, I., Krastev, Z., “Activity of Bulgarian propolis against 94 Helicobacter pylori strains in vitro by agar-well diffusion, agar dilution and disc diffusion method”, J. Med. Microbiol., 54: 481-483, (2005). GU J Sci, 25(3):557-565 (2012)/ Bahar BĐLGĐN SÖKMEN1 ♠ , Kadir KINALIOĞLU2, Sinem AYDIN2 565 [14] Güllüce, M., Adıgüzel, A., Öğütçü, H., Şengül, M., Karaman, I., Şahin, F., “Antimicrobial effects of Quercus ilex L. extract”, Phytother. Res., 18: 208211, (2004). [15] Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M., Berset, C., “Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity”, Food Sci. Technol. Int., 28: 25-30, (1995). [16] Oyaizu, M., “Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from glucose amine”, Jpn. J. Nutr., 44: 307–315, (1986). [17] Arnao, M.B., Cano, A., Acosta, M., “ The hydrophilic and lipophilic contribution to total antioxidant activity”, Food Chem., 73: 239-244, (2001). [18] Slinkard, K., Singleton,V.L., “Total phenol analysis: automation and comparison with manual methods”, Am. J. Enol. Viticult., 28: 49–55, (1977). [19] Abubakar, E.M., “Antimicrobial efficacy of stem bark extracts of Mangifera indica against some bacteria associated with respiratory tract infections”, Scientific Research and Essay, 10: 1031-1037, (2009). [20] Aslan, A., Güllüce, M., Sökmen, M., Adıgüzel, A., Şahin, F., Özkan, H.,” Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the lichens Cladonia foliacea, Dermatocarpon miniatum, Evernia divaricata, Evernia prunastri and Neofuscella pulla”, Pharmaceut. Biol., 44: 247-252, (2006). [21] Mitrović, T., Stamenković, S., Cvetković, V., Tošić, S., Stanković, M., Radojević, I., Stefanović, O., Čomić, L., Ðačić, D., Ćurčić, M., Marković, S., “Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Activities of Five Lichen Species”, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 12: 5428- 5448, (2011). [22] Ilçım, A., Dığrak, M., Bağcı, E., “Bazı bitki ekstraktlarının antimikrobiyal etkilerinin araştırılması”, Turk. J. Biol., 22: 119-125, (1995). [23] Osmanağaoğlu, Ö., Yıldız, A., Saçılık, S., “Türkiye’deki farklı bölgelerden izole edilen likenlerin antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri”, Türk Mikrobiyol. Cem. Derg., 30: 17-19, (2000). [24] Türkan, M. F., Aslan, A., Meriçli, Yapıcı, B., Yapıcı, A. N., Bilgi, S. T. “Determination of antimicrobial effects of raw skin treated with Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf acetone extract”. 2nd International Leather Engineering Congress, Đzmir (2011). [25] Behera, B.C., Verma, N., Sonone, A., Makhija, U., “Evaluation of antioxidant potential of the cultured mycobiont of a lichen Usnea ghattensis”, Phytother. Res., 14: 323-328, (2005). [26] Jayaprakasha, G.K., Rao, L.J., “Phenolic constituents from the lichen Parmotrema stuppeum (Nyl.) Hale and their antioxidant activity”, Z. Naturforsch. C, 55: 1018-1022, (2000). [27] Santos, A., Costa, J., Menezes, I., Cansanção, I., Santos, K., Matias, E., Cautinho, H., “Antioxidant activity of five Brazilian plants used as traditional medicines and food in Brazil”, Phcog. Mag., 6(24): 335–338, (2010). [28] Zovko, M., Kosalec, I., Pepeljnjak, S., Kalodera, Z., Partl, A., Bakmaz, M., “Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf” Croatian Scientific Bibliography, Bibliographice cord number: 276685, accessed at: http://bib.irb.hr/prikazirad?rad=276685&table=zbornik&lang=en&print= true [29] Sanchez-Moreno, C., “Methods used to evaluate the free radical scavenging activity in foods and biological systems”, Food Sci. Tech. Int., 8: 121– 13, (2002). [30] Bhandari, M.R., Kawabata, J., “Organic acid, phenolic content and antioxidant activity of wild yam (Dioscorea spp.) tubers of Nepal”, Food Chem., 88: 163-168, (2004). [31] Stojanovic, I., Stankov- Jonanovic, V., Mitic, V., Kostic, D., “Reducing power and radical scavenging activity of four Parmeliaceae species”, Cent. Eur. J. Biol., 5(6): 808-813, (2010).