Research Article
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Semantic and Pragmatic Analysis of a Turkish Sadness Verb Hüzünlen-

Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 518 - 531, 29.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.18795/gumusmaviatlas.1488560

Abstract

This study provides a semantic and pragmatic analysis of the Turkish verb "hüzünlen-" which conveys the meaning of sadness. Following a corpus-driven approach, query sequences from the Turkish National Corpus (TNC) were analysed according to the Extended Lexical Units model proposed by Stubbs (2005). In this context, 284 query sequences found in real spoken and written language samples were examined to determine the lexical profile of the verb "hüzünlen-." The aim of the study is to reveal the semantic and pragmatic usage differences of the verb "hüzünlen-" compared to other verbs expressing sadness. In this regard, the syntactic features, collocational tendencies, and context-dependent semantic and pragmatic characteristics of the verb "hüzünlen-" were thoroughly investigated. As a corpus-driven study, this research is the result of an inductive examination. The study demonstrated that the lexical framework of the verb "hüzünlen-" implies a sudden, intense sadness often related to past events and circumstances. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the cultural and linguistic features of expressing sadness in Turkish, as well as to comprehending the cognitive aspects of the emotion of sadness. Furthermore, the results of the study offer significant insights into how expressions of sadness are shaped in linguistic and cultural contexts in Turkish, allowing for a broader perspective on the linguistic representation of sadness. This research suggests that the verb "hüzünlen-" should be examined not only in Turkish but also in comparison with similar emotional expressions in other languages. Thus, it can contribute to understanding the universal and culture-specific features of language and emotion.

References

  • Aksan, Y., Yıldız, İ., Demirhan, U. U., Sarıgül, H., Kurfalı, M., Hacıosmanoğlu, G. & Yılmazer, H. (2012). Construction of the Turkish National Corpus (TNC). In N. Calzolari, K. Choukri, T. Declerck, M.U. Doğan, B. Maegaard, J. Mariani, A. Moreno, J. Odijk & S. Piperidis (Eds), Proceedings of the eight ınternational conference on language resources and evaluation (pp. 3223-3227). European Language Resources Association (ELRA). http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2012/papers.html
  • Bednarek, M. (2008). Emotion talk across corpora. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Göksel, A. & Kerslake, C. (2005). Turkish: A comprehensive grammar. Routledge.
  • Hunston, S. & Francis, G. (2000). Pattern grammar: A corpus-driven approach to the lexical grammar of English. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Kornfilt, J. (2005). Turkish. Routledge.
  • McEnery, T. & Hardie, A. (2012). Corpus linguistics: Method, theory and practice. Cambridge University Press.
  • Miller, G. A. & Charles, W. G. (1991). Contextual correlates of semantic similarity. Language and Cognitive Processes, 6(1), 1–28.
  • Ortony, A., Clore, G. L. & Collins, A. (1990). The cognitive structure of emotions. Cambridge University Press.
  • Partington, A. (2004). Utterly content in each other’s company: Semantic prosody and semantic preference. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 9(1), 131–56.
  • Scherer, K. R. (2000). Psychological models of emotion. In J. C. Borod (Ed.), The neuropsychology of emotion (pp. 137-162). Oxford University Press.
  • Sinclair, J. (1991). Corpus, concordance, collocation. Oxford University Press.
  • Sinclair, J. (2004). Trust the text: Language, corpus and discourse. Routledge.
  • Stubbs, M. (2001). Words and phrases: Corpus studies of lexical semantics. Blackwell Publishers.
  • Stubbs, M. (2005). Conrad in the computer: Examples of quantitative stylistic methods. Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics, 14(1), 5-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963947005048874
  • Tognini-Bonelli, E. (2001). Corpus linguistics at work. John Benjamins.
  • Tribble, J. (2012). What are concordances and how they are used?, In C. A. Chapelle (Ed.), The routledge handbook of corpus linguistics (pp. 167–183). Routledge.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu. (n.d.). Hüzünlenmek. İçinde Tarama Sözlüğü. 12 Nisan 2024’te https://sozluk.gov.tr/ adresinden alındı. Turkish National Corpus. (n.d.). Hüzünlenmek. İçinde Tarama Sözlüğü. 12 Nisan 2024’te https://v3.tnc.org.tr/ adresinden alındı.
  • Wierzbicka, A. (1999). Emotions across languages and cultures: Diversity and universals. Cambridge University Press.

Türkçe Üzüntü Eylemi Hüzünlen-’in Anlamsal ve Edimsel Analizi

Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 518 - 531, 29.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.18795/gumusmaviatlas.1488560

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Türkçede üzüntü anlamı ifade eden "hüzünlen-" eyleminin anlamsal ve edimsel analizi yapılmıştır. Derlem çıkışlı (corpus-driven) bir yöntem takip edilerek, Türkçe Ulusal Derlemi'nden (TNC) alınan sorgu dizinleri Stubbs (2005) tarafından ileri sürülen Genişletilmiş Sözcük Birimleri modeline uygun olarak analiz edilmiştir. Buna göre gerçek sözlü ve yazılı dil örneklerinde geçen 284 adet sorgu dizini "hüzünlen-" eyleminin sözcük profilini belirlemek için incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, "hüzünlen-" fiilinin diğer üzüntü eylemlerinden ne gibi anlamsal ve edimsel kullanım farklılıklarına sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Bu bağlamda, "hüzünlen-" fiilinin söz dizimsel özellikleri, eşdizimlilik eğilimleri, bağlam bağımlı anlamsal ve edimsel nitelikleri detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Derlem çıkışlı bir çalışma olarak bu çalışma tümevarımsal bir incelemenin sonucudur. Çalışma, "hüzünlen-" eyleminin sözcüksel çerçevesinden yola çıkarak, ani gelişen, yoğun ve daha çok geçmişte kalmış olaylar ve olgularla ilgili bir üzüntüyü imlediğini göstermiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, Türkçede üzüntü ifadesinin kültürel ve dilsel özelliklerini daha iyi anlamamıza ve üzüntü duygusunun bilişsel özelliklerini kavramamıza katkı sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca, çalışmanın sonuçları, Türkçede üzüntü ifadelerinin dilsel ve kültürel bağlamda nasıl şekillendiğine dair önemli ipuçları sunmakta ve bu bağlamda üzüntü duygusunun dilsel temsilinin geniş bir perspektiften değerlendirilmesine olanak tanımaktadır. Bu araştırma, "hüzünlen-" fiilinin yalnızca Türkçede değil, benzer duygusal ifadelerin diğer dillerdeki karşılıklarıyla da kıyaslanarak incelenmesi gerektiğini öne sürmektedir. Böylece, dil ve duygunun evrensel ve kültüre özgü özelliklerinin anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunabilir.

References

  • Aksan, Y., Yıldız, İ., Demirhan, U. U., Sarıgül, H., Kurfalı, M., Hacıosmanoğlu, G. & Yılmazer, H. (2012). Construction of the Turkish National Corpus (TNC). In N. Calzolari, K. Choukri, T. Declerck, M.U. Doğan, B. Maegaard, J. Mariani, A. Moreno, J. Odijk & S. Piperidis (Eds), Proceedings of the eight ınternational conference on language resources and evaluation (pp. 3223-3227). European Language Resources Association (ELRA). http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2012/papers.html
  • Bednarek, M. (2008). Emotion talk across corpora. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Göksel, A. & Kerslake, C. (2005). Turkish: A comprehensive grammar. Routledge.
  • Hunston, S. & Francis, G. (2000). Pattern grammar: A corpus-driven approach to the lexical grammar of English. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Kornfilt, J. (2005). Turkish. Routledge.
  • McEnery, T. & Hardie, A. (2012). Corpus linguistics: Method, theory and practice. Cambridge University Press.
  • Miller, G. A. & Charles, W. G. (1991). Contextual correlates of semantic similarity. Language and Cognitive Processes, 6(1), 1–28.
  • Ortony, A., Clore, G. L. & Collins, A. (1990). The cognitive structure of emotions. Cambridge University Press.
  • Partington, A. (2004). Utterly content in each other’s company: Semantic prosody and semantic preference. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 9(1), 131–56.
  • Scherer, K. R. (2000). Psychological models of emotion. In J. C. Borod (Ed.), The neuropsychology of emotion (pp. 137-162). Oxford University Press.
  • Sinclair, J. (1991). Corpus, concordance, collocation. Oxford University Press.
  • Sinclair, J. (2004). Trust the text: Language, corpus and discourse. Routledge.
  • Stubbs, M. (2001). Words and phrases: Corpus studies of lexical semantics. Blackwell Publishers.
  • Stubbs, M. (2005). Conrad in the computer: Examples of quantitative stylistic methods. Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics, 14(1), 5-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963947005048874
  • Tognini-Bonelli, E. (2001). Corpus linguistics at work. John Benjamins.
  • Tribble, J. (2012). What are concordances and how they are used?, In C. A. Chapelle (Ed.), The routledge handbook of corpus linguistics (pp. 167–183). Routledge.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu. (n.d.). Hüzünlenmek. İçinde Tarama Sözlüğü. 12 Nisan 2024’te https://sozluk.gov.tr/ adresinden alındı. Turkish National Corpus. (n.d.). Hüzünlenmek. İçinde Tarama Sözlüğü. 12 Nisan 2024’te https://v3.tnc.org.tr/ adresinden alındı.
  • Wierzbicka, A. (1999). Emotions across languages and cultures: Diversity and universals. Cambridge University Press.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Language Studies (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Süleyman Demir 0000-0003-0890-5835

Işıl Özyıldırım 0000-0003-0391-4708

Publication Date October 29, 2024
Submission Date May 22, 2024
Acceptance Date August 15, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Demir, S., & Özyıldırım, I. (2024). Semantic and Pragmatic Analysis of a Turkish Sadness Verb Hüzünlen-. Mavi Atlas, 12(2), 518-531. https://doi.org/10.18795/gumusmaviatlas.1488560

e-ISSN: 2148-5232