Abstract
Küresel olarak tarımsal üretim ve gıda erişimi bu yüzyıl içerisinde keskin bir şekilde artış göstermiştir.
Bu artış, tarım ve gıda teknolojisindeki gelişmeye ve uluslararası işbirliği ile kolaylaştırılan uluslararası ticaretteki
kesintiye katkıda bulunmuştur. Müşterek sonuçlar açlık ve yoksullukta istikrarlı bir azalış olduğunu göstermekte
ve dolayısıyla da gelir ve refahta da artışa işaret etmektedir. Ancak ne var ki tarımsal üretim ve gıda erişimindeki
bu artış, coğrafi bölgeler arasında dengeli şekilde bir dağılım göstermemektedir. Sahra-altı Afrika da tarımsal
üretimdeki artışı elde edemeyişi sebebiyle bahsedilen yararları elde etmeyen bölgeler arasında kalmıştır. Bölge,
hala daha büyük çaptaki gıda kıtlığı, açlık ve gıdasızlık/kötü beslenme ile boğuşmaktadır. Bölgenin gıda üzerine
kendine yeterliliği elde edemeyişi, bölgeyi en iyi ihtimalle gıda ithalatına, en kötü ihtimalle talep eksikliğini de
gıda yardımına ve bağışlara bağımlı kılmakta ve talep eksikliğine yönelik ihtiyacı giderebilmek üzere gıda yardımı
ve bağışlara bağımlı kılmaktadır. Öncekiler, sağlık hizmetleri ve eğitim gibi diğer kalkınma programlarıyla aynı
gidere denk gelen milyarlarca doları gıda ithalatına harcayarak ekonomiyi boğmuş ve büyüme beklentilerini
paramparça etmişlerdir. Yine de etkili kullanıldıklarında, bölgenin yüksek gıda üretimi yoluna dahil olmasını
sağlayacak birtakım imkanlar da bulunmaktadır. Bu metin, Gambiya’nın gıda yeterliliğine erişmesine ilişkin
başarısızlığının müsebbibi olan endemik ve halihazırda devam eden faktörleri tespit etmeyi ve politika önerileriyle
mevcut bulunan imkanları keşfetmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Keywords
References
- Adelman, I. (2001). Fallacies in Development Theory. In J. .. Gerald .M. Meier, Frontiers of Development Economics (pp. 103- 147). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Ayodeji O. Ojo, I. B. (2016). Is Africa's Dependence On Agriculture The Cause Of Poverty In The Continent? An Empirical Review. Journal of Developning Areas 50 (1), 93- 103.
- Brautigam, D. ( 1992). Land Rights and Agricultural Development in West Africa: A Case Study of Two Chinese Projects. The Journal of Devloping Areas, 21-32.
- Brian G. Sims, J. K. (2006). Agricultural And Food Engineering Technical Reoprt 3 : Farm power and mechanisation for small farms in Sub-Saharan Africa. Rome: FAO.
- Fatajo, F. S. (2010). National Issues Report on Key Sectors of Agriculture (adaptation) in The Gambia. Banjul: UNDP.
- J.A, J. R. (1994). The Reform of The Land Laws of The Gambia: Report and Draft Legislation. Washington.: Checchi and Company Consulting, Inc.
- Lawerence, P. (2005). “Explaining Sub-Saharan Africa’s Manufacturing Performance.”. Development and Change 36 (6), 1121-1141.
- Njie, A. (2011, May 9). State House. Retrieved from State House website : htt://www.qanet.gm
- Verter, N. (2015). The Application Of International Trade Theories To Agriculture. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 209-219.
- William Moseley, M. S. (2015). Interrogating The Technocratic (neoliberal) Agenda For Agricultural Development. African Geographical Review 34 (1), 1-7.
- World Bank. (2014, August). Food Balance Sheet. Retrieved from Open data for Africa: Food Balance Sheets, 2014.
- Wright, E. (2005). “What Did Structural Adjustment Adjust? The Association of Policies and Growth with Repeated IMF and World Bank Adjustment Loans.”. Journal of Devlopment Economics 76 (1), 1-22.
Abstract
Globally, agricultural production and food availability have increased sharply over the course of this
century. The increase has been attributed to advancement in agricultural and food technology and reduction in
international trade facilitated by international cooperation. The combined results are steady decrease in hunger and
poverty and consequently, an increase in income and wellbeing. However, the increase in agricultural production
and food availability has not been evenly distributed across geographical regions. Sub- Saharan Africa is among
the regions that has been left out of the benefits since it failed to achieve the increase in agricultural production
necessary to propel such benefits. The region continues to grapple with massive food shortages, hunger and
malnutrition. The failure to achieve food self-sufficiency leaves the region entirely dependent on food importation
at best and on food aid and hand-outs at worst to cater for the demand deficit. The former has strangled economies
and shattered growth prospects, as billions of dollars are spend on food importation at the expense of other
development programs like health care and education. However, there are opportunities available that, if
effectively harnessed can lead the region into the path of high food productivity. This paper shall seek to analyse
the factors responsible for the endemic and prolong failure in the Gambia’s quest to attain food sufficiency, explore
the opportunities that lies ahead with policy recommendations.
Keywords
References
- Adelman, I. (2001). Fallacies in Development Theory. In J. .. Gerald .M. Meier, Frontiers of Development Economics (pp. 103- 147). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Ayodeji O. Ojo, I. B. (2016). Is Africa's Dependence On Agriculture The Cause Of Poverty In The Continent? An Empirical Review. Journal of Developning Areas 50 (1), 93- 103.
- Brautigam, D. ( 1992). Land Rights and Agricultural Development in West Africa: A Case Study of Two Chinese Projects. The Journal of Devloping Areas, 21-32.
- Brian G. Sims, J. K. (2006). Agricultural And Food Engineering Technical Reoprt 3 : Farm power and mechanisation for small farms in Sub-Saharan Africa. Rome: FAO.
- Fatajo, F. S. (2010). National Issues Report on Key Sectors of Agriculture (adaptation) in The Gambia. Banjul: UNDP.
- J.A, J. R. (1994). The Reform of The Land Laws of The Gambia: Report and Draft Legislation. Washington.: Checchi and Company Consulting, Inc.
- Lawerence, P. (2005). “Explaining Sub-Saharan Africa’s Manufacturing Performance.”. Development and Change 36 (6), 1121-1141.
- Njie, A. (2011, May 9). State House. Retrieved from State House website : htt://www.qanet.gm
- Verter, N. (2015). The Application Of International Trade Theories To Agriculture. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 209-219.
- William Moseley, M. S. (2015). Interrogating The Technocratic (neoliberal) Agenda For Agricultural Development. African Geographical Review 34 (1), 1-7.
- World Bank. (2014, August). Food Balance Sheet. Retrieved from Open data for Africa: Food Balance Sheets, 2014.
- Wright, E. (2005). “What Did Structural Adjustment Adjust? The Association of Policies and Growth with Repeated IMF and World Bank Adjustment Loans.”. Journal of Devlopment Economics 76 (1), 1-22.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | January 14, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018 Volume: 5 Issue: 12 |