In modern legal systems, the principle of the child welfare is given priority in family law arrangements and therefore in regulations on adoption. But in countries with different societal, social and cultural structures, it is seen that the reflection of this principle on legal regulations is also different. The aspects of Turkish and Swiss civil laws that differ from each other in terms of joint adoption by married couples are examples of this different reflection.
In Turkish Civil Code and in the Swiss Civil Code which is the source of the Turkish family law, there is a rule for married couples to adopt jointly. Joint adoption is a necessity for the couples and is a right that is only recognized to them. On the grounds of the necessity of joint adoption by married couples underlie the principle of the child welfare. In this way, it is aimed for the child to have a real family environment where the mother and father are present. According to the Turkish Civil Code, the prospective adoptive parents must have been married for at least five years or have reached the age of thirty to be able to adopt jointly. According to the Swiss Civil Code, if the prospective adoptive parents have been living together for at least three years and are over twenty eight, they can adopt jointly. In the Swiss Civil Code, it is stipulated that, if the child's welfare requires it, the prospective adoptive parents can be exempt from the term of being at least twenty eight years old.
The adoption of the stepchild, a form of joint adoption by married couples, differs in various aspects regarding Turkish and Swiss civil laws. According to the Turkish Civil Code, for the adoption of the stepchild, the couples must have been married for at least two years or one of the couple must be at the age of thirty. In the Swiss Civil Code, it is found sufficient if the couples have been living together for at least three years in order to adopt the stepchild. In addition, in Switzerland, couples living a same-sex registered partnership and de facto relationship are also given the right to adopt a stepchild.
Exceptions to the joint adoption by married couples rule are cases where there is no possibility for them to adopt jointly; these states are parallel to each other in both laws. In addition, in Switzerland, in the same exceptional circumstances, couples living a same-sex registered partnership were given the right to adopt alone.
Joint adoption child welfare principle adoption of the stepchild same-sex registered partnership de facto relationship
Modern hukuk sistemlerinde, aile hukuku düzenlemelerinde ve dolayısıyla evlât edinmeye ilişkin düzenlemelerde çocuğun yararının sağlanması ilkesine öncelik verilmektedir. Bununla birlikte farklı toplumsal, sosyal ve kültürel yapılara sahip ülkelerde, söz konusu ilkenin hukukî düzenlemelere yansıması değişiklik göstermektedir. Türk ve İsviçre Medenî Kanunlarının eşlerin birlikte evlât edinmesi kuralı bakımından birbirinden ayrılan yönleri, söz konusu farklı yansımanın örneklerindendir. Türk Medenî Kanunu’nda ve Türk aile hukukunun kaynağı olan İsviçre Medenî Kanunu’nda kural, eşlerin birlikte evlât edinmesidir. Birlikte evlât edinme, eşler için zorunluluk olmakla birlikte; sadece eşlere tanınmış bir haktır. Eşlerin birlikte evlât edinmesi zorunluluğunun temelinde, çocuğun yararı ilkesi yatmaktadır. Böylelikle çocuğun, ana ve babanın bulunduğu gerçek bir aile ortamına kavuşması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, eşlerin birlikte evlât edinmesi kuralının uygulanma koşulları, birlikte evlât edinmenin özel bir türü olan üvey çocuğun evlât edinilmesi ve birlikte evlât edinmenin istisnası, Türk Medenî Kanunu ile İsviçre Medenî Kanunu’na göre karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir.
Birlikte evlat edinme çocuğun yararı ilkesi üvey çocuğun evlat edinilmesi tescil edilmiş eşcinsel hayat ortaklığı fiilî hayat ortaklığı
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Subjects | Law in Context |
Journal Section | Research Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | December 15, 2020 |
Published in Issue | Year 2020 Volume: 10 Issue: 2 |