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HALKA AÇIK ALANLARDA VİDEO GÖZETİM BAĞLAMINDA KİŞİSEL VERİLERİN KORUNMASI: FRANSA ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 414 - 457, 31.12.2023

Ezgi Turgut Bilgiç

https://doi.org/10.32957/hacettepehdf.1295271

Abstract

Halka açık alanlar yalnızca günlük faaliyetlerin yürütüldüğü değil aynı zamanda sosyalleşmenin ve toplumsal hayata katılımın da sağlandığı yerlerdir. Video gözetim cihazları ise halka açık alanlarda hem çeşitli güvenlik kaygıları hem de gelişen teknolojinin etkisiyle yaygın şekilde kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Yapay zekâdaki gelişmeler de bu ivmelenmeye eklenmiş, yüz tanıma gibi özelliği olan kameralar değişmez nitelikte kişisel veri elde ettiklerinden pek çok açıdan çeşitli faydalar sağlamaya başlamıştır. Diğer taraftan halka açık alanlarda video gözetim cihazlarının yaygın kullanımı kişisel verilerin korunması yönünden birtakım kaygılar doğurmuş, video kayıt cihazları ile yapılan gözetime ilişkin hukuk kurallarının yeterliliği, güvenlik amacıyla elde edilen kişisel verilerin hukuka uygunluğu gibi konular tartışılmaya başlanmıştır.
Kişisel verilerin korunması konusunda pek çok temel ve ikincil nitelikli hukuki düzenleme bulunan Avrupa Birliği ve Avrupa Konseyi üyesi bir ülke olarak Fransa’da video gözetimin geniş bir uygulama alanı vardır. Ülkede ayrıca konu hakkında düzenlenen kanun hükümleri, Ulusal Video Gözetim Komisyonu (Commission Nationale de la Vidéoprotection) gibi resmi birimler, Veri Koruma Otoritesi’nin (CNIL) tavsiye niteliğindeki rehber ve kararları ile ikincil nitelikteki düzenlemeler mevcuttur. Ancak yine de video gözetimin caydırıcılık, etkililik gibi işlevleri tartışılmakta, kişisel verilere ilişkin hukuki düzenlemelerin varlığı, ülkede uygulanan sürekli video gözetim faaliyetlerine yönelik eleştirilerin ve hukuka aykırılık iddialarının önüne geçememektedir.
Çalışmada Fransa’da halka açık alanlarda yapılan video gözetim ele alınmış, video kayıt cihazları karşısında kişisel verilerin korunmasını temin eden yasal zemine ve kameralı gözetim uygulaması hakkındaki mevcut eleştirilere yer verilmiştir. Bununla birlikte Fransa örneği üzerinden video gözetim ile kişisel verilerin korunması arasındaki ilişki belirtilmiş, özellikle yapay zekâ kullanabilen kameralar gibi yeni teknolojik gelişmelerin yaratabileceği hukuki ve etik zorlukların altı çizilmiş, güvenlik sağlama ile veri koruma arasındaki ölçülülüğün önemine değinilmiştir. Son olarak çalışmada, Fransa’da mevcut yasal düzenlemelere rağmen video gözetime dair bazı uygulamaların kişisel veriler yönünden endişelere sebep olduğu, daha etkin bir mekanizma oluşturulması gerektiği ifade edilmiştir.

Keywords

Video Gözetim CCTV Kişisel Veri Sosyal Yaklaşım Fransa

References

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  • Mucchielli L, “À Quoı Sert La Vidéosurveillance De L’espace Public ? Le cas français d’une petite ville «exemplaire »” (2016) 40(1) Deviance et Societe 25-50.
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Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 414 - 457, 31.12.2023

Ezgi Turgut Bilgiç

https://doi.org/10.32957/hacettepehdf.1295271

Abstract

References

  • Akınlar C, “Kapalı Devre Görüntü ve Kayıt Sistemleri”, Yusuf Oysal (ed.), Güvenlik Sistemleri (1. Baskı, Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları, Eskişehir 2012).
  • Baskın O, Türk Hukuku Bakımından Kişilik Hakkı Kapsamında Kişisel Verilerin Korunması (Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara 2021)
  • Bétin C and Martınaıs E, “Sécurité, vidéosurveillance et construction de la déviance : l’exemple du centre-ville de Lyon” (2003) 27(1) Déviance et Société (3) 3-24.
  • Bostancı Bozbayındır G, “Avrupa Birliği Ceza Hukuku’nda Polis ve Ceza Adaleti Otoritelerine Yönelik 2018/680 Sayılı Direktif: Kişisel Verilerin Ceza Adalet Mekanizmalarında Korunmasına Getirilen Standartlar ve Direktife Yönelik Eleştiriler” (2018) Galatasaray Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi (51) 51-103.
  • Ceccato V and Nalla M (eds), Crime and Fear in Public Places: Towards Safe, Inclusive and Sustainable Cities (1st edn, Routledge, London 2020).
  • Çapar S, Birleşik Krallıkta CCTV, Türkiye’de Mobese Caddelerde Güvenlik Nöbetindeki Kameralar (Turhan Kitabevi Yayınları, Ankara 2011).
  • Dıamond B, “Safe Speech: Public Space as a Medium of Democracy” (2010) Journal of Architectural Education.
  • Dolgun U, Şeffaf Hapishane yahut Gözetim Toplumu: Küreselleşen Dünyada Gözetim, Toplumsal Denetim ve İktidar İlişkileri (3rd edn, Ötüken Neşriyat, İstanbul 2015).
  • Doyle A, Lippert R K and Lyon D (eds), Eyes Everywhere: The Global Growth of Camera Surveillance (Routledge, London and New York 2012).
  • Goold B, Loader I and others, “The Banality of Security: The Curious Case of Surveillance Cameras” (2013) 53(6) British Journal of Criminology 977-996.
  • Hatipoğlu Aydın D, Siber Alan ve Hukuk (On İki Levha Yayıncılık, İstanbul 2022).
  • Heilmann E, “Video Surveillance and Security Policy in France: From Regulation to Widespread Acceptance” (2011) 16 Information Polity 1-9.
  • İçer Z ve Dönmez E “Yüz Tanıma Teknolojilerinin Önleyici Ceza Hukuku Ve Ceza Muhakemesi Süreçlerindeki Kullanımı Ve Sınırları” (2021) 15(43) Ceza Hukuku Dergisi 421-461.
  • Klauser F R, “Lost Surveillance Studies: A Critical Review of French Work on CCTV” (2009) 6(1) Surveillance & Society 23-31.
  • Küzeci E, Kişisel Verilerin Korunması (4. Baskı, On İki Levha Yayıncılık, İstanbul 2021).
  • Mucchielli L, “À Quoı Sert La Vidéosurveillance De L’espace Public ? Le cas français d’une petite ville «exemplaire »” (2016) 40(1) Deviance et Societe 25-50.
  • Nguyen M T. vd. “Artificial intelligence based data processing algorithm for video surveillance to empower industry 3.5” (2020) Computers & Industrial Engineering 148 106671 1-15.
  • Norris C and Armstrong G, The Maximum Surveillance Society (Berg, Oxford and New York 1999).
  • Patton J W, “Protecting Privacy in Public? Surveillance Technologies and the Value of Public Places” (2000) Ethics and Information Technology .
  • Skogan W G, “The Future of CCTV” (2019) 18(1) Criminology and Public Policy 161-166.
  • Ufert F, “AI Regulation Through the Lens of Fundamental Rights: How Well Does the GDPR Address the Challenges Posed by AI?” (2020) 5(2) European Papers 1094.
  • Urquhart L and MIRANDA D L, “Policing Faces: The Present and Futre of Intelligent Facial Surveillance” (2021) Information and Communications Technology Law (1) 1-26.
  • Welsh B C and Farrington D P, “Public Area CCTV and Crime Prevention: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis” (2009) 26(4) Justice Quarterly 716-745.
  • Faydalanılan İnternet Kaynakları:
  • Anti-Video Surveillance Collective of France, “Does Video Surveillance Have a Limit? An Open Letter to the Mayors of France” (2004) <http://www.notbored.org/limits-of-surveillance.html >
  • Bunn N and Cunningham B, “Which Data Should Police Body Cams Collect?” The Atlantic (14 October 2015) <https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/10/which-data-should-police-body-cams-collect/433197/ >
  • CNIL, “Déploiement de caméras « augmentées » dans les espaces publics : la CNIL publie sa position” (19 July 2022) <https://www.cnil.fr/fr/deploiement-de-cameras-augmentees-dans-les-espaces-publics-la-cnil-publie-sa-position>
  • CNIL, “Directive « Police-Justice » : de quoi parle-t-on?” <https://www.cnil.fr/fr/directive-police-justice-de-quoi-parle-t >
  • CNIL, “Mises en demeure de plusieurs établissements scolaires pour vidéosurveillance excessive” <https://www.cnil.fr/fr/mises-en-demeure-de-plusieurs-etablissements-scolaires-pour-videosurveillance-excessive >
  • CNIL, “Plan Stratégique 2022-2024, axe 3, 7” <https://www.cnil.fr/sites/default/files/atoms/files/cnil_plan_strategique_2022-24.pdf >
  • CNIL, “Vidéoprotection: quelles sont les dispositions applicables?” <https://www.cnil.fr/fr/videoprotection-quelles-sont-les-dispositions-applicables>
  • Conseil Constitutionnel, “Loi relative aux jeux Olympiques et Paralympiques de 2024 et portant diverses autres dispositions” <https://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/actualites/loi-relative-aux-jeux-olympiques-et-paralympiques-de-2024-et-portant-diverses-autres-dispositions>
  • Council of Europe, “Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data” <https://rm.coe.int/1680078b37 >
  • Council of Europe, “Modernised Convention for the Protection of Individuals with Regard to the Processing of Personal Data, Convention 108 and Protocols” <https://www.coe.int/en/web/data-protection/convention108-and-protocol >
  • Dascălescu A, “The Controversial Clearview AI Was Used By Florida Man's Lawyer to Clear Him Of Vehicular Homicide Charges” Techthelead <https://techthelead.com/the-controversial-clearview-ai-was-used-by-florida-mans-lawyer-to-clear-him-of-vehicular-homicide-charges/>
  • European Center for Not-for-Profit Law, “Civil Society Open Letter On The Proposed French Law On The 2024 Olympic And Paralympic Games” <https://ecnl.org/news/civil-society-open-letter-proposed-french-law-2024-olympic-and-paralympic-games> Electronic Frontier Foundation, “Automated License Plate Readers (ALPRs)” <https://www.eff.org/cases/automated-license-plate-readers > Electronic Frontier Foundation, “Street Level Surveillance” <https://www.eff.org/tr/issues/street-level-surveillance >
  • European Data Protection Board, “Guidelines 3/2019 on processing of personal data through video devices (Version 2.0) Adopted on 29 January 2020”<https://edpb.europa.eu/sites/default/files/files/file1/edpb_guidelines_201903_video_devices_en.pdf >
  • Hare S, “These new rules were meant to protect our privacy: they don’t work”, The Observer <https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/nov/10/these-new-rules-were-meant-to-protect-our-privacy-they-dont-work>
  • Herbecq and Others v Belgium, App No 32200/96 & 32201/96” (ECHR, 14 January 1998) 97. <https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/app/conversion/pdf/?library=ECHR&id=001-88070&filename=001-88070.pdf >
  • Hill K, “Wrongfully accused by an algorithm”, The Seattle Times <https://www.seattletimes.com/business/technology/wrongfully-accused-by-an-algorithm/>
  • Kayalı L, “French Senate backs AI-powered video surveillance for Paris 2024 Olympics” (31 January 2023) Politico <https://www-politico-eu.cdn.ampproject.org/c/s/www.politico.eu/article/french-senators-back-ai-powered-video-surveillance-for-paris-2024-olympics/amp/ >
  • Leander v. Sweden, App No 9248/81, (ECHR, 26 March 1987), para. 49-50-51. <https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-57519%22]}>
  • Manancourt V, “Europe’s state of mass surveillance”, Politico <https://www.politico.eu/article/data-retention-europe-mass-surveillance/ >
  • Nişanyan Sözlük, <https://www.nisanyansozluk.com/kelime/g%C3%B6zetim >
  • Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries, <https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/security?q=security >
  • Peck v United Kingdom, App No 44647/98 (ECHR, 28 January 2003), para. 57. <https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22appno%22:[%2244647/98%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-60898%22]} >
  • Peyron J, “Debate swirls as Paris embraces video surveillance”, France 24 <https://www.france24.com/en/20120117-debate-swirls-around-paris-new-high-surveillance-system-cameras-cctv-police >
  • République Française, “Caméras de surveillance sur la voie publique et dans les lieux ouverts au public”, <https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F2517 >
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There are 59 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Law in Context
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ezgi Turgut Bilgiç

Publication Date December 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 13 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Turgut Bilgiç, E. (2023). HALKA AÇIK ALANLARDA VİDEO GÖZETİM BAĞLAMINDA KİŞİSEL VERİLERİN KORUNMASI: FRANSA ÖRNEĞİ. Hacettepe Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(2), 414-457. https://doi.org/10.32957/hacettepehdf.1295271
AMA Turgut Bilgiç E. HALKA AÇIK ALANLARDA VİDEO GÖZETİM BAĞLAMINDA KİŞİSEL VERİLERİN KORUNMASI: FRANSA ÖRNEĞİ. HHFD. December 2023;13(2):414-457. doi:10.32957/hacettepehdf.1295271
Chicago Turgut Bilgiç, Ezgi. “HALKA AÇIK ALANLARDA VİDEO GÖZETİM BAĞLAMINDA KİŞİSEL VERİLERİN KORUNMASI: FRANSA ÖRNEĞİ”. Hacettepe Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 13, no. 2 (December 2023): 414-57. https://doi.org/10.32957/hacettepehdf.1295271.
EndNote Turgut Bilgiç E (December 1, 2023) HALKA AÇIK ALANLARDA VİDEO GÖZETİM BAĞLAMINDA KİŞİSEL VERİLERİN KORUNMASI: FRANSA ÖRNEĞİ. Hacettepe Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 13 2 414–457.
IEEE E. Turgut Bilgiç, “HALKA AÇIK ALANLARDA VİDEO GÖZETİM BAĞLAMINDA KİŞİSEL VERİLERİN KORUNMASI: FRANSA ÖRNEĞİ”, HHFD, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 414–457, 2023, doi: 10.32957/hacettepehdf.1295271.
ISNAD Turgut Bilgiç, Ezgi. “HALKA AÇIK ALANLARDA VİDEO GÖZETİM BAĞLAMINDA KİŞİSEL VERİLERİN KORUNMASI: FRANSA ÖRNEĞİ”. Hacettepe Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 13/2 (December 2023), 414-457. https://doi.org/10.32957/hacettepehdf.1295271.
JAMA Turgut Bilgiç E. HALKA AÇIK ALANLARDA VİDEO GÖZETİM BAĞLAMINDA KİŞİSEL VERİLERİN KORUNMASI: FRANSA ÖRNEĞİ. HHFD. 2023;13:414–457.
MLA Turgut Bilgiç, Ezgi. “HALKA AÇIK ALANLARDA VİDEO GÖZETİM BAĞLAMINDA KİŞİSEL VERİLERİN KORUNMASI: FRANSA ÖRNEĞİ”. Hacettepe Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 13, no. 2, 2023, pp. 414-57, doi:10.32957/hacettepehdf.1295271.
Vancouver Turgut Bilgiç E. HALKA AÇIK ALANLARDA VİDEO GÖZETİM BAĞLAMINDA KİŞİSEL VERİLERİN KORUNMASI: FRANSA ÖRNEĞİ. HHFD. 2023;13(2):414-57.
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