Molecular Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Bottleneck in Hair Goat Reared in Türkiye

Year 2024, Volume: 65 Issue: 1, 49 - 58, 08.07.2024

İbrahim Cemal , Nezih Ata , Onur Yılmaz , Orhan Karaca

https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.1493843

Abstract

Objective: Being the most preferred and geographically distributed in Türkiye, the Hair goat was screened at a molecular level to evaluate genetic diversity and population structure via microsatellite DNA markers. This paper also aimed to investigate the effects of genetic bottleneck to evaluate whether the Hair goat has maintained its effective population size in recent past.

Material and Methods: A total of 411 Hair goats were sampled from farms participating in the "Hair Goat Breeding" project, initiated by the General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies in Aydın and Denizli provinces. Sampled animals were genotyped with 18 microsatellite loci to assess genetic diversity, population structure, and genetic bottleneck.

Results: A total of 341 different alleles were observed across 18 microsatellite loci in which the highest number of alleles (26) and effective alleles (10.18) were detected in INRA005 and HSC loci, respectively. The average observed heterozygosity (0.73) was lower than the expected value (0.83), whereas all loci turned out to be highly informative (PIC>0.50). Factorial correspondence analysis separated animals into two groups, while a genetic admixture was detected between these groups. STRUCTURE analysis, on the other hand, confirmed that 411 animals were derived from three ancestral populations in which the third group is drawn due to admixed individuals. The Wilcoxon test and mode-shift indicator detected a lack of genetic bottleneck indicating that Hair goats reared in Türkiye have maintained their effective population size in recent past.

Conclusion: This study validates that used microsatellite markers are highly polymorphic and could be utilized for revealing genetic diversity in different local goat breeds. The findings recovered in this study could be integrated into breeding and conservation programs, while further studies should adopt SNP array technologies and next-generation sequencing platforms to reveal deeper knowledge about the genetic diversity and population structure of Anatolian goat breeds.

Keywords

Microsatellite, genetic variation, small ruminant, SSR markers

Ethical Statement

This study was approved by the Aydın Adnan Menderes University Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee (Approval no: 050-04/2012/102).

Supporting Institution

This study was produced from the project numbered ZRF-13009, supported by Aydın Adnan Menderes University BAP commission

Project Number

ZRF-13009

Thanks

We are grateful to Adnan Menderes University Scientific Research Projects Commission (Project Number: ZRF-13009) and the General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies for providing us with the necessary animal materials.

Türkiye'de Yetistirilen Kıl Keçilerinde Genetik Çesitlilik ve Darbogazın Moleküler Degerlendirmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Türkiye'de en çok yetiştirilen ve coğrafi dağılıma sahip olan Kıl keçisi, mikrosatellit DNA belirteçleri aracılığıyla genetik çeşitliliği ve popülasyon yapısını değerlendirmek için moleküler düzeyde taranmıştır. Bu çalışma aynı zamanda Kıl keçisinin yakın geçmişte etkin popülasyon büyüklüğünü koruyup korumadığını değerlendirmek için genetik darboğazın etkilerini araştırmayı amaçlamıştır.

Materyal ve Methot: Aydın ve Denizli illerinde Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından başlatılan "Kıl Keçisi Islahı" projesine katılan çiftliklerden toplam 411 Kıl keçisi örneklenmiştir. Örneklenen hayvanlar, genetik çeşitlilik, populasyon yapısı ve genetik darboğazın değerlendirilmesi için 18 mikrosatellit lokusu ile genotiplendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: 18 mikrosatellit lokusundan toplam 341 farklı alel gözlenmiş olup, en yüksek alel sayısı (26) ve etkin alel sayısı (10.18) sırasıyla INRA005 ve HSC lokuslarında tespit edilmiştir. Gözlenen ortalama heterozigotluk (0.73) beklenen değerden (0.83) daha düşükken, tüm lokusların oldukça bilgilendirici olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır (PIC>0.50). Faktöriyel ilişki analizi hayvanları iki gruba ayırırken, bu gruplar arasında genetik bir karışım tespit edilmiştir. Öte yandan STRUCTURE analizi, 411 hayvanın üç atasal populasyondan türediğini ve üçüncü grubun karışmış bireylerden oluştuğunu doğrulamıştır. Wilcoxon testi ve mod kayması grafiği, Türkiye'de yetiştirilen Kıl keçilerinin yakın geçmişte etkin populasyon büyüklüğünü koruduğunu ve populasyonlarda herhangi bir genetik darboğazın bulunmadığını ortaya koymuştur.

Sonuç: Bu çalışma, kullanılan mikrosatellit belirteçlerin oldukça polimorfik olduğu ve farklı yerel keçi ırklarındaki genetik çeşitliliği ortaya çıkarmak için kullanılabileceği ortaya konmuştur. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular ıslah ve koruma programlarına entegre edilebilme özelliğine sahip olup, ileriki çalışmalarda Anadolu keçi ırklarının genetik çeşitliliği ve populasyon yapısı hakkında daha derin bilgi edinmek için SNP dizi teknolojileri ve yeni nesil dizileme platformları kullanılmalıdır.

Keywords

Mikrosatellit, genetic varyasyon, küçükbaş, SSR markörleri

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Hayvan Deneyleri Yerel Etik Kurulu tarafından onaylanmıştır (Onay no: 050-04/2012/102).

Supporting Institution

Bu çalışma Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi BAP komisyonu tarafından desteklenen ZRF-13009 numaralı projeden üretilmiştir.

Project Number

ZRF-13009

Thanks

Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Komisyonu'na (Proje No: ZRF-13009) ve Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü'ne gerekli hayvan materyallerini sağladıkları için minnettarız.

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