<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="other"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Hemşirelik Bilimi Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2636-8439</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Aydin Adnan Menderes University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.54189/hbd.1663922</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Pediatric Health and Illnesses Nursing</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hemşireliği</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>The Effect of Listening to Music During Postoperative Period on Pain and Vital Signs in Children Undergoing Congenital Cardiac Surgery: Randomized Controlled Trial</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Konjenital Kalp Ameliyatı Geçiren Çocuklarda Postoperatif Dönemde Dinletilen Müziğin Ağrı ve Yaşam Bulgularına Etkisi: Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7381-0058</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Gökağaç Özcan</surname>
                                    <given-names>Esin</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5440-5431</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Çalışır</surname>
                                    <given-names>Hüsniye</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Hemşirelik Fakültesi, Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hemşireliği Anabilim Dalı</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260425">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>25</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>9</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>48</fpage>
                                        <lpage>58</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20250324">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>24</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20250903">
                        <day>09</day>
                        <month>03</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2018, Journal of Nursing Science</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2018</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Journal of Nursing Science</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of listening to children&#039;s songs on pain levels and vital signs in children aged 1 month to 6 years during the postoperative period following congenital heart surgery.Methods: This study was designed as a randomized controlled trial. Data were collected in a cardiovascular surgery intensive care unit. A total of 70 children were included, with 35 assigned to the intervention group and 35 to the control group using simple randomization. Children in the intervention group listened to children&#039;s songs for 30 minutes, while the control group received routine care. Pain scores and vital signs were assessed between 4 and 8 hours postoperatively at specified time intervals.Results: No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in vital signs, except for heart rate at the 75th minute. Pain scores in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group at the 30th, 45th, 60th, and 75th minutes.Conclusion: This study found that listening to children&#039;s songs helped reduce pain levels in children who underwent congenital heart surgery. Listening to music temporarily reduced the children&#039;s heart rate. It is recommended that nurses play children&#039;s songs to reduce pain in children hospitalized in intensive care after cardiac surgery.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Amaç: Konjenital kalp ameliyatı geçiren 1 ay-6 yaş grubu çocuklarda çocuk şarkıları dinletmenin postoperatif dönemdeki ağrı ve yaşam bulgularına etkisini incelemekti.Yöntem: Araştırma randomize kontrollü deneysel düzende yapıldı. Veriler, kalp damar cerrahisi yoğun bakım ünitesinde toplandı. Araştırmaya basit randomizasyon yöntemi ile seçilen 35 müdahale grubu, 35 kontrol grubu olmak üzere 70 çocuk dahil edildi. Müdahale grubuna 30 dakika süreyle çocuk şarkıları dinletildi. Kontrol grubuna rutin tedavi ve bakım uygulandı. Çocukların ameliyat sonrası 4-8 saatler arasında yaşam bulguları ve ağrı puanları ölçüldü. Bulgular: Gruplar arasında 75. dakikadaki ölçülen kalp hızı değerleri dışında diğer yaşam bulguları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık yoktu. Çalışmanın 30., 45., 60. ve 75. dakikalarında müdahale grubunun ağrı puanı, kontrol grubuna göre daha düşüktü.Sonuç: Bu araştırmada konjenital kalp ameliyatı geçiren çocuklarda çocuk şarkısı dinlemenin ağrı düzeyinin azalmasına katkısı oldu. Müzik dinlemek çocukların kalp hızını kısa süreli azalttı. Hemşirelerin kalp cerrahisi sonrası yoğun bakımda yatan çocuklarda ağrıyı azaltmak için çocuk şarkıları dinletmesi önerilir.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Cardiac Surgery</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Child</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Music</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Pain</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Postoperative</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Ağrı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Ameliyat Sonrası</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Çocuk</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Kalp Cerrahisi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Müzik</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                        <funding-group specific-use="FundRef">
                    <award-group>
                                                    <funding-source>
                                <named-content content-type="funder_name">This study was supported by Aydın Adnan Menderes University Scientific Research Projects with project number HF-17007.</named-content>
                            </funding-source>
                                                                            <award-id>HF-17007</award-id>
                                            </award-group>
                </funding-group>
                                </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Abd-Elshafy SK, Khalaf GS, Abo-Kerisha MZ, Ahmed NT, Abd El-Aziz MA, Mohamed MA. (2015). Not all sounds have negative effects on children undergoing cardiac surgery. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, 29(5), 1277-1284. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2015.01.005</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bulut M, Küçük Alemdar D, Bulut A, Şalcı G. (2020). The effect of music therapy, hand massage, and kaleidoscope usage on postoperative nausea and vomiting, pain, fear, and stress in children: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 35(6), 649-657. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2020.03.013</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Calcaterra V, Ostuni S, Bonomelli I, Mencherini S, Brunero M, Zambaiti E, et al. (2014). Music benefits on postoperative distress and pain in paediatric day care surgery. Pediatric Reports, 6(5534), 44-48. doi: 10.4081/pr.2014.5534</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Çürük GN, Göriş S, Korkut Bayındır S, Doğan Z. (2018). Perkütan koroner girişim uygulanan hastalarda müzik terapinin anksiyete düzeyi ve yaşam bulgularına etkisi; Randomize kontrollü çalışma. ACU Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), 130-136. doi: 10.31067/0.2018.3</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gündüz CS, Çalışkan N. (2018). Ağrı kontrolünde uygulanan non-farmakolojik yöntemler: Etkinliği hakkındaki kanıtlar yeterli mi? Journal of Traditional Medical Complementary, 1(2), 76-81. doi: 10.5336/jtracom.2018-60643</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hepkarşı A, Bor C, Demirağ K, Çankayalı İ, Uyar M. (2015). Yoğun bakım sedasyonunda Ramsay-Richmond skalaları ve hemşire-doktor arasındaki uyumun karşılaştırılması. Türk Yoğun Bakım Dergisi, 13(3), 112-116. doi: 10.4274/tybdd.20592</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Huang YL, Lei YQ, Liu JF, Cao H, Yu XR, Chen Q. (2021a). Comparison of the effectiveness of music video therapy and music therapy on pain after cardiothoracic surgery in preschool children. Heart Surg Forum, 24(2), E299-E304. doi: 10.1532/hsf.3509</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Huang YL, Lei YQ, Liu JF, Cao H, Yu XR, Chen Q. (2021b). The music video therapy in postoperative analgesia in preschool children after cardiothoracic surgery. J Card Surg, 36(7), 2308-2313. doi: 10.1111/jocs.15551</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kabadayı A. (2009). Ninnilerin çocuğun gelişim alanlarına katkılarının içerik açıdan incelenmesi: Konya örneği. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 276-289.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kaya SÖ, Özkut B. (2017). Anne-çocuk arasındaki bağ ve çocuğun ilk müzik deneyimi; ninniler. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(40), 357-367. doi: 10.16992/ASOS.11974</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lee JH. (2016). The effects of music on pain: A meta-analysis. Journal of Music Therapy, 53(4), 430–477. doi: 10.1093/jmt/thw012</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Li G, Yu L, Yang Y, Deng J, Shao L, Zeng C. (2024). Effects of perioperative music therapy on patients with postoperative pain and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Integrative and 
Complementary Medicine, 30(1), 37-46. doi: 10.1089/jicm.2022.0803</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Llerena GE, Krzykwa E, Huzior M, Vilar N, Donahue D, Zisling H, et al. (2024). Exploring novel non-pharmacologic approaches to address preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain in paediatric patients undergoing in-patient surgical procedures: A scoping review. Cureus, 16(1), e52006. doi: 10.7759/cureus.52006</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Moll-Bertó A, López-Rodrigo N, Montoro-Pérez N, Mármol-López MI, Montejano-Lozoya R. (2024).  A systematic review of the effectiveness of non-pharmacological therapies used by nurses in children undergoing surgery. Pain Management Nursing, 25(2), 195-203. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2023.12.006</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Nelson K, Adamek M, Kleiber C. (2017). Relaxation training and postoperative music therapy for adolescents undergoing spinal fusion surgery. Pain Manag Nurs, 18(1), 16-23. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2016.10.005</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Pillai Riddell RR, Bucsea O, Shiff I, Chow C, Gennis HG, Badovinac S, et al. (2023). Non-pharmacological management of infant and young child procedural pain. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 6(6), CD006275. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006275.pub4</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Poonai N, Datoo N, Ali S, Cashin M, Drendel AL, Zhu R, et al. (2017). Oral morphine versus ibuprofen administered at home for postoperative orthopedic pain in children: A randomized controlled trial. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 189(40), E1252–E1258.   doi: 10.1503/cmaj.170017</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Poulsen MJ, Coto J. (2018). Nursing music protocol and postoperative pain. Pain Management Nursing, 19(2), 172–176. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2017.09.003</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sönmez Düzkaya D, Kuğuoğlu S. (2015). Assessment of pain during endotracheal suction in the paediatric intensive care unit. Pain Management Nursing, 16(1), 11-19. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2014.02.003</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Şenaylı Y, Özkan F, Şenaylı A, Bıçakçı Ü. (2006). Çocuklarda postoperatif ağrının FLACC (YBAAT) ağrı skalasıyla değerlendirilmesi. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal Anestesia Reanimasyon, 4(1), 1-4.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tas FQ, van Eijk CAM, Staals LM, Legerstee JS, Dierckx B. (2022). Virtual reality in pediatrics, effects on pain and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis update. Paediatric Anaesthesia, 32(12), 1292–1304. doi: 10.1111/pan.14546</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Uyar M, Akın Korhan E. (2011). Yoğun bakım hastalarında müzik terapinin ağrı ve anksiyete üzerine etkisi. Ağrı Dergisi, 23(4), 139-146. doi: 10.5505/agri.2011.94695</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yayan EH, Zengin M, Düken ME, Suna Dağ Y. (2020). Reducing children’s pain and parents’ anxiety in the postoperative period: A therapeutic model in Turkish sample. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 51, e33–e38. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2019.07.004</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yeniay D, Tamdo An L, Yucak Ozdemir A, Ak An LO, Kay RSU. (2023). Effects of videos and therapeutic music on preoperative anxiety and postoperative anxiety and pain levels in boys who undergo circumcision. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing, 38(6), 918–924. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2023.04.007</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yücel Ş, Küçük Alemdar D. (2024). The effect of listening to music and foot reflexology on nausea, pain and anxiety in children during perioperative period: A randomized controlled study. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 75, e16–e27. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.12.013</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
