Although Turkey did not actually participate in World War II, which affected the whole world on a large scale, it was politically, socially and economically affected by the war. Due to reasons such as the lack of any preparations before the war and the failure of development plans to succeed, Turkey entered into serious financial difficulties. In particular, increasing the number of soldiers under arms and the expenses of keeping the army ready to defend the country against a possible attack have put a strain on the Turkish economy. The lack of sufficient exports due to the war conditions and the decline in domestic production values led to food shortages in large cities. The basic needs of the people were tried to be met through social policies such as rationing bread. On the other hand, the most important source of income used by the state to overcome the current difficult conditions has been taxes. During the war, taxes under different names such as the National Protection Law, Soil Products Tax, Road Tax, and Wealth Tax were requested from the public. However, the most controversial of these was the Wealth Tax. Although the Wealth Tax was implemented in a short period of 16 months, it made a national and international impact. So much so that taxpayers became the wealthy segment who acquired large amounts of wealth during the war. The fact that most of the merchants and war riches in Turkey are non-Muslims has changed the extent of criticism. Allegations have been made that this tax deliberately targets minorities in the country. It has even been argued that they want to build the Turkish bourgeoisie by enacting the Wealth Tax to Turkify the capital.
Due to this dimension of the tax, foreign media has also been involved in the discussions. In this context, The Times newspaper, which has an influential place in the British public, was also closely interested in Wealth Tax. The Times gave information about the issuance of the tax, to what extent the tax will be collected from whom, and the problems experienced during implementation. In fact, while it is accepted that the tax is reasonable in theory to improve the Turkish economy and provide the financial resources needed, the problems in the collection process are emphasized. The fact that tax collection would be carried out in as little as two weeks, the property of defaulters would be seized and auctioned, and the announcement that the property of taxpayers' families would also be confiscated were seen as extremely harsh practices that needed to be softened. In addition, it was criticized that those who did not pay their taxes were sent in groups to a labor camp in Aşkale. It has been stated that the merchant population in Turkey consists of non-Muslims, and therefore it is the Jews and other minorities in Istanbul and Izmir who bear the tax burden the most. Additionally, the tax situation of British companies and British citizens in Turkey was also examined. It has been recommended that consulates assist in tax objection.
Although The Times newspaper criticized the tax for the way it was implemented, it also accepted that the Wealth Tax was enacted as a result of the difficulties Turkey experienced during World War II. In fact, it was reported that the Turkish people, especially the villagers, were oppressed under heavy tax burdens for many years and that the citizens had difficulty even finding bread. On the other hand, attention was drawn to the fact that some merchants who took advantage of the war conditions became rich through black marketeering and gaining unfair profits. According to The Times, this tax was resorted to in order to establish a sense of justice as a result of the increase in hatred and resentment towards the rich in society. The newspaper also argued that Turkey had achieved great success in the development and innovation movement it had embarked upon with the republic. The interview with Prime Minister Şükrü Saraçoğlu was also influential in these views. As a matter of fact, The Times newspaper was closely interested in Turkey's domestic and foreign policies and published all the developments and numerical data in its column shortly after the tax was introduced. In general, an attitude that approves of the Turkish government's policy and the Wealth Tax prevails in the newspaper.
Türkiye, tüm dünyayı geniş ölçüde etkileyen II. Dünya Savaşı’na fiili olarak katılmasa da savaştan siyasi, sosyal ve ekonomik olarak etkilenmiştir. Savaş koşulları nedeniyle yeterli ihracat yapılmaması ve yurtiçi üretim değerlerindeki düşüş büyük şehirlerde iaşe sorununu doğurmuştur. Devletin mevcut zorlu şartların altından kalkabilmek için vergilere başvurmuştur. Savaş sürecinde halktan Millî Korunma Yasası, Toprak Mahsulleri Vergisi, Yol Vergisi, Varlık Vergisi gibi farklı isimlerde vergiler talep edilmiştir. Ancak bunların içinde en çok dikkat çeken Varlık Vergisi olmuştur. Savaş esnasında yüksek miktarda servet elde eden zengin kesimin mükellef olduğu Varlık Vergisi 16 ay gibi kısa bir süre uygulanmasına rağmen etkisini uzun yıllar devam ettirmiştir. Öyle ki vergi mükelleflerinin çoğunlukla gayrimüslimlerden oluşması dünya kamuoyunun dikkatini çekmiştir. Bu bağlamda İngiliz basınında oldukça etkili bir yere sahip olan The Times gazetesi de Varlık Vergisini köşesine taşımıştır. The Times’da verginin teoride makul olduğu kabul edilirken uygulamadaki aksaklıklara değinilmiştir. Türkiye’de yaşayan İngiliz vatandaşlarının vergi karşısındaki durumunun ne olacağı irdelenmiştir.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Subjects | History of The Republic of Turkiye, Modern Turkish History, History of Turkiye Economy |
Journal Section | Research Articles |
Authors | |
Early Pub Date | May 10, 2024 |
Publication Date | May 10, 2024 |
Submission Date | January 17, 2024 |
Acceptance Date | April 4, 2024 |
Published in Issue | Year 2024 |