Enrichment of Ochratoxin A in Cereals Using Ionic Liquid Based Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction

Year 2015, Volume: 43 Issue: 2, 99 - 104, 01.06.2015

Hayriye Mine Antep Serap Seyhan Bozkurt

Abstract

Asimple and fast analytical method known as ionic liquid based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was proposed for the separation and enrichment of ochratoxin A before high performance liquid chomatog- raphy with fluorescence detector. 1-Methyl-3-octylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and ethanol were used as extraction solvent and dispersive solvent, respectively. The optimal parameters influencing the efficiency of the method such as pH of sample solution, type and volume of extraction solvent, type and volume of dispersi- ve solvent, time of extraction and centrifugation and salting effect were investigated. Under optimum extrac- tion conditions, limits of detection and quantification were 0.05 and 0.13 μg L−1, respectively. The recoveries of ochratoxin A for spiked wheat and corn samples were ranged from 78.55 to 81.05%.

Keywords

Ochratoxin A, dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction, ionic liquid, HPLC

Tahıllardaki Okratoksin A’nın İyonik Sıvı Bazlı Dispersif Sıvı-Sıvı Mikroözütleme ile Zenginleştirilmesi

Abstract

O kratoksin A’nın floresans dedektörlü yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografisi ile tayini öncesi, ayrılması ve zenginleştirilmesi için hızlı ve basit bir analitik teknik olarak bilinen iyonik sıvı bazlı dispersif sıvısıvı mikroözütleme yöntemi geliştirildi. Özütleme çözücüsü ve dispersif çözücü olarak sırasıyla 1-metil-3oktilimidazolyum hegzaflorofosfat ve etanol kullanıldı. Örnek çözeltinin pH’ı, özütleme çözücüsünün türü ve hacmi, dispersif çözücünün türü ve hacmi, özütleme ve santrifüj süresi ve tuz etkisi gibi verimi etkileyen optimum parametreler çalışıldı. Optimum özütleme koşulları altında, gözlenebilme ve tayin sınırı sırasıyla 0.05 ve 0.13 μg L−1 olarak belirlendi. Mısır ve buğday örnekleri için okratoksin A geri kazanım değerleri % 78.55 -% 81.05 aralığında elde edildi

Keywords

Ochratoxin A, dispersif sıvı-sıvı mikroekstraksiyonu, iyonik sıvı, HPLC

References

• 1. International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC, Evaluation of carcinogenic risks of chemical to humans. In ‘‘Some naturally-occurring substances: Food Items and Constituents”. Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines and Mycotoxins, IARC monographs, Lyon, France, (1993) 3.
• 2. J.L. Richard, Some major mycotoxins and their mycotoxicoses-An overview, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 119 (2007) 3.
• 3. K.T.N. Nguyen, D. Ryu, Concentration of ochratoxin A in breakfast cereals and snacks consumed in the United States, Food Control, 40 (2014) 140.
• 4. O. Galarce-Bustos, M. Alvarado, M. Vega, M. Aranda, Occurrence of ochratoxin A in roasted and instant coffees in Chilean market, Food Control, 46 (2014) 102.
• 5. A. Roland, P. Bros, A. Bouisseau, F. Cavelier, R. Schneider, Analysis of ochratoxin A in grapes, musts and wines by LC–MS/MS: First comparison of stable isotope dilution assay and diastereomeric dilution assay methods, Analytica Chimica Acta, 818 (2014) 39.
• 6. FAO, Worldwide regulations for mycotoxins in food and feed in 2003. Food and nutrition paper, 81 (2004) 180 pages.
• 7. European Commission, Commission Recommendation 2006/576/EC on the presence of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, T-2 and HT-2 and fumonisins in products intended for animal feeding, Official Journal of the European Union, (2006) No L229/7.
• 8. M. Rezaee, Y. Yamini, M. Faraji, Evolution of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method, J. Chromatogr. A, 1217 (2010) 2342.
• 9. M.I. Leong, S.D. Huang, Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method based on solidification of floating organic drop combined with gas chromatography with electron-capture or mass spectrometry detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 1211 (2008) 8.
• 10. M. Zeeb, M.R. Ganjali, P. Norouzi, Preconcentration and trace determination of chromium using modified ionic liquid cold-induced aggregation dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction: application to different water and food samples, Food Analytical Methods, 6 (2013) 1398.
• 11. P. Sun, D.W. Armstrong, Ionic liquids in analytical chemistry, Analytica Chimica Acta, 661 (2010) 1.
• 12. C. Zafer, K. Ocakoglu, C. Ozsoy, S. Icli, Dicationic bisimidazolium molten salts for efficient dye sensitized solar cells: Synthesis and photovoltaic properties, Electrochim. Acta, 54 (2009) 5709.
• 13. S. Ozdemir, C. Varlikli, I. Oner, K. Ocakoglu, S. Icli, The synthesis of 1,8- naphthalimide groups containing imidazolium salts/ionic liquids using I-, PF6-, TFSIanions and their photophysical, electrochemical and thermal properties, Dyes Pigments, 86 (2010) 206.
• 14. L. Campone, A.L. Piccinelli, R. Celano, L. Rastrelli, pH-controlled DLLME for the analysis of ionisable compounds in complex matrices: Case study of ochratoxin A in cereals, Analytica Chimica Acta, 754 (2012) 61.
• 15. M.H. Mashhadizadeh, M. Amoli-Diva, K. Pourghazi, Magnetic nanoparticles solid phase extraction for determination ofochratoxin A in cereals using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, Journal of Chromaography A, 1320 (2013) 17-26.
• 16. T.P. Lee, B. Saad, W.S. Khayoon, B. Salleh, Molecularly imprinted polymer as sorbent in micro-solid phase extraction of ochratoxin A in coffee, grape juice and urine, Talanta, 88 (2012) 129.
• 17. X. Lai, C. Ruan, R. Liu, C. Liu, Application of ionic liquidbased dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the analysis of ochratoxin A in rice wines, Food Chemistry, 161 (2014) 317.