Adsorption Of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution with Sulfuric Acid Activated Corn Cobs: Equilibrium, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics Assessment

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 239 - 256, 30.09.2020

Pinar Bozbeyoglu , Celal Duran Cemalettin Baltaci Ali Gundogdu

https://doi.org/10.17350/HJSE19030000193

Cited By: 4

Abstract

Three adsorbents with different characteristics were produced in this study by activation of sulfuric acid with different concentrations, from corn Zea mays L. cobs, which is an agricultural waste by-product resulting from harvesting. After characterization by the parameters such as Boehm titration, determination of pH-pHpzc, and methylene blue – iodine number, and IR analysis, their methylene blue adsorption potentials from aqueous medium were investigated based on equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics evaluations. This study aims to examine the effects of relatively dilute and concentrated acids on the activation process and to gain an economic value to waste materials through the production of a new adsorbent. It was observed that the initial solution pH did not have a significant effect on the adsorption efficiency. The adsorption process reached the equilibrium at the end of the first 120 minutes, and the kinetic data fit the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Langmuir adsorption capacity 295.5 mg/g of the adsorbent produced by activating with 50% sulfuric acid was found higher than those produced with 75% and 98% acids. An increase in ambient temperature effected the adsorption positively. As a result, in this study, very low-cost adsorbents were produced from the waste by-product corn cobs, and a new approach was proposed for cleaning wastewater containing dyestuffs.

Keywords

Adsorption, Corn cobs, Methylene blue, Removal, Sulfuric acid activation

References

• 1. Carneiro PA, Umbuzeiro GA, Oliveira DP, Zanoni MVB. Assessment of water contamination caused by a mutagenic textile effluent/dyehouse effluent bearing disperse dyes. Journal of Hazardous Materials 174 (2010) 694–699.
• 2. Zollinger H. Color Chemistry – Synthesis, properties and applications of organic dyes and pigments. V.C.H. Publishers, New York, 1991.
• 3. McKay G, Otterburn MS, Sweeney AG. The removal of colour from effluent using various adsorbents — III. Silica: Rate process. Water Research 14(1) (1980) 15–20.
• 4. Garg VK, Amita M, Kumar R, Gupta R. Basic dye (methylene blue) removal from simulated wastewater by adsorption using Indian Rosewood sawdust: a timber industry waste. Dyes Pigments 63(3) (2004) 243–250.
• 5. Ramakrishna KR, Viraraghavan T. Dye removal using low cost adsorbents. Water Science & Technology 36 (1997) 189–196.
• 6. Waranusantigul P, Pokethitiyook P, Kruatrachue M, Upatham ES. Kinetics of basic dye (methylene blue) biosorption by giant duckweed (Spirodela polyrrhiza). Environmental Pollution 125 (2003) 385–392.
• 7. Pilatin S. Kunduhoğlu B. Biyoadsorbsiyon ve katı-faz fermantasyonu ile boya gideriminde tarımsal atıkların kullanım potansiyeli. Biyoloji Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi 11(2) (2018) 30–34.
• 8. Korkut Z. Removal of some heavy metals from aqueous solutions by modified carrot peel. Istanbul Technical University, Graduate Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Master Thesis, Istanbul, 2014.
• 9. Bayraktar AK. Removal of lead(II), nickel(II), methylene blue and Rhodamine B by natural and activated alder sawdust (In Turkish). Karadeniz Technical University, Graduate Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Chemistry MSc, Master Thesis, Trabzon, 2012.
• 10. Pellera F-M, Giannis A, Kalderis D. Anastasiadou K, Stegmann R, Wang J-Y, Gidarakos E. Adsorption of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions on biochars prepared from agricultural by-products. Journal of Environmental Management 96 (2012) 35–42.
• 11. Mahmoodi NM, Taghizadeh M, Taghizadeh A. Mesoporous activated carbons of low-cost agricultural bio-wastes with high adsorption capacity: Preparation and artificial neural network modeling of dye removal from single and multicomponent (binary and ternary) systems. Journal of Molecular Liquits 269 (2018) 217– 228.
• 12. Karthika M, Vasuki M. Adsorption of alizarine red-s dye from aqueous solution by sago waste: Resolution of isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics. Materials Today: Proceedings 14 (2019) 358–367.
• 13. Tran TH, Le AH, Pham TH, Nguyen DT, Chang SW, Chung WJ, Nguyen DD. Adsorption isotherms and kinetic modeling of methylene blue dye onto carbonaceous hydrochar adsorbent derived from coffee husk waste. Science of the Total Environment 725 (2020) 138325.
• 14. Garg D, Kumar S, Sharma K, Majumder CB. Application of waste peanut shells to form activated carbon and its utilization for the removal of Acid Yellow 36 from wastewater. Groundwater for Sustainable Development 8 (2019) 512–519.
• 15. Yusmaniar Y, Erdawati E, Ghifari YF, Ubit DP. Synthesis of mesopore silica composite from rice husk with activated carbon from coconut shell as absorbent methyl orange color adsorbent. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 830 (2020) 032078.
• 16. Imamoglu M, Ozturk A, Aydın Ş, Manzak A, Gündoğdu A, Duran C. Adsorption of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution by hazelnut husk activated carbon prepared with potassium acetate. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 39(8) 2018 1144–1148.
• 17. Gundogdu A, Duran C, Senturk HB, Soylak M, Imamoglu M, Onal Y. Physicochemical characteristics of a novel activated carbon produced from tea industry waste. Journal of Analytical Applied. Pyrolisis 104 (2013) 249–259.
• 18. URL-1. Bitkisel Üretim Genel Müdürlüğü Tarım Havzaları Daire Başkanlığı, Mısır Bülteni (Kasım 2019), https://www.tarimorman. gov.tr/BUGEM/Belgeler/M%C4%B0LL%C4%B0%20TARIM/ MISIR%20KASIM%20B%C3%9CLTEN%C4%B0.pdf. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
• 19. Vadivelan V, Kumar KV. Equilibrium, kinetics, mechanism, and process design for the sorption of methylene blue onto rice husk. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 286 (2005) 90–100.
• 20. Vargas AMM, Cazetta AL, Kunita MH, Silva TL, Almeida VC. Adsorption of methylene blue on activated carbon produced from flamboyant pods (Delonix regia): Study of adsorption isotherms and kinetic models. Chemical Engineering Journal 168(2) (2011) 722–730.
• 21. Theydan SK, Ahmed MJ. Adsorption of methylene blue onto biomass-based activated carbon by FeCl3 activation: Equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolisis 97 (2012) 116–122.
• 22. Raposo F, De La Rubia MA, Borja R. Methylene blue number as useful indicator to evaluate the adsorptive capacity of granular activated carbon in batch mode: Influence of adsorbate/adsorbent mass ratio and particle size. Journal of Hazardous Materials 165 (2009) 291–299.
• 23. Söyleyici Cergel M, Demir E, Atay F. The effect of the structural, optical, and surface properties of anatase-TiO2 film on photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue organic contaminant. Ionics 25 (2019) 4481–4492.
• 24. Pathania D, Sharma S, Singh P. Removal of methylene blue by adsorption onto activated carbon developed from Ficus carica bast, Arabian Journal of Chemistry 10(1) (2017) 1445–1451.
• 25. Jawad AH, Mohammed SA, Mastuli MS, Abdullah MF. Carbonization of corn (Zea mays) cob agricultural residue by onestep activation with sulfuric acid for methylene blue adsorption. Desalination and Water Treatment 118 (2018) 342–351.
• 26. URL-2. Methylene blue, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylene_ blue. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
• 27. Duran C, Ozdes D, Gundogdu A, Imamoglu M, Senturk HB. Tea industry waste activated carbon, as a novel adsorbent, for separation, preconcentration and speciation of chromium. Analytica Chimica Acta 688(1) (2011) 75–83.
• 28. Boehm HP. Chemical identification of surface groups. Advances in Catalysis 16 (1966) 179–274.
• 29. Muthmann J, Blaker C, Pase C, Luckas M, Schledorn C, Bathen D. Characterization of structural and chemical modifications