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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Jeodezi ve Jeoinformasyon Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2147-1339</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2667-8519</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>TMMOB Harita ve Kadastro Mühendisleri Odası</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.9733/JGG.2020R0008.T</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Engineering</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Mühendislik</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Performance analysis of PPP method with repeatedly pedestrian walk and short-time kinematic GPS+GLONASS observations</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Tekrarlı yaya yürüyüşü ve kısa süreli kinematik GPS+GLONASS gözlemleriyle PPP yönteminin performans analizi</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9345-5220</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Tunalıoğlu</surname>
                                    <given-names>Nursu</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20201101">
                    <day>11</day>
                    <month>01</month>
                    <year>2020</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>7</volume>
                                        <issue>2</issue>
                                        <fpage>121</fpage>
                                        <lpage>132</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20200605">
                        <day>06</day>
                        <month>05</month>
                        <year>2020</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20200811">
                        <day>08</day>
                        <month>11</month>
                        <year>2020</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012, Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2012</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>In Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)- based positioning applications, the efficiency and use of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) technique have gradually increased compared to the relative positioning technique. However, in many studies performed on different platforms in static and kinematic modes, the largest disadvantage for the traditional standard PPP method is the long convergence time for carrier phase observations. Therefore, observation duration in studies that are based on the PPP method in static and kinematic modes is often kept long. In this study, considering the positioning accuracy obtained depending on observation duration and ambiguity resolution in PPP, the performance of kinematic GPS+GLONASS observations obtained by repeated and short pedestrian walks were compared with relative positioning solutions for short, medium and long bases. For comparison, the internet-based GNSS data processing service namely CSRS-PPP, which is widely used worldwide and uses new algorithmic approaches to shorten the convergence time for carrier-phase observations, was preferred. The results clearly demonstrate that the PPP method for short-term kinematic observations can be used effectively for obtaining high-accurate positioning information, which is also equivalent to relative solutions.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Küresel Konum Belirleme ve Uydu Sistemleri (Global Navigation Satellite Systems, GNSS) tabanlı konum belirleme uygulamalarında Hassas Nokta Konum Belirleme (Precise Point Positioning-PPP) yönteminin etkinliği ve kullanımı bağıl konum belirlemeye göre giderek artmaktadır. Buna karşın farklı platformlarda gerçekleştirilen statik ve kinematik moddaki birçok çalışmada geleneksel standart PPP yöntemi için en büyük dezavantaj taşıyıcı faz gözlemleri için yakınsama süresinin uzun olmasıdır. Bu nedenle PPP’ye dayalı statik ve kinematik moddaki çalışmalarda gözlem süresi sıklıkla uzun tutulmaktadır. Gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada PPP’de gözlem süresine ve dolayısıyla tamsayı belirsizliği çözümüne bağlı olarak elde edilen konum doğruluğu dikkate alınarak, tekrarlı ve kısa süreli yaya yürüyüşleriyle elde edilen kinematik GPS+GLONASS gözlemlerinin PPP konum belirleme performansı kısa, orta ve uzun bazlar için bağıl konum belirleme çözümleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Karşılaştırma için dünya genelinde yaygın olarak kullanılan ve taşıyıcı faz gözlemleri için yakınsama süresinin kısaltılması için yeni algoritmik yaklaşımlar kullanan internet tabanlı GNSS veri değerlendirme servisi CSRS-PPP tercih edilmiştir. Sonuçlar PPP yönteminin kısa süreli kinematik gözlemler için de bağıl çözümlere eşdeğer sayılacak yüksek doğrulukta konum bilgisinin elde edilmesinde etkin olarak kullanılabileceğini açıkça ortaya koymaktadır.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Hassas nokta konum belirleme</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Kinematik konum belirleme</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  GPS+GLONASS</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Kısa gözlem süresi</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Precise point positioning</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Kinematic positioning</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  GPS+GLONASS</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Short observation duration</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
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