Investigation of the Relationship Between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Multidimensional Jealousy

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 265 - 286, 26.06.2022

Haydeh Faraji , Kübra Utar , Nilgün Berfu Boran

https://doi.org/10.47793/hp.1076655

Cited By: 1

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between individuals' early maladaptive schemas and the level of multidimensional jealousy. The present study was carried out with a total of 344 people, 226 female (%66) , and 118 male (%34) participants. In the current study, "Personal Information Form", "Multidimensional Jealousy Inventory" and "Young Schema Inventory" were used. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 25.0 package program. While examining the data, Pearson Correlation analysis, Multidimensional Jealousy Inventory t-Test with Independent Samples, and whether the Young Schema Inventory differed significantly according to demographic variables and its predictors were examined using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis to see the relationship between variables. According to the results of the study; a significant relationship was found between early maladaptive schemas and multidimensional jealousy. In addition, inclusion, suppression of emotions, social isolation, self-sacrifice independent variables from early maladaptive schema dimensions predicted emotional jealousy, emotional inhibition, defectiveness/shame, vulnerability to harm/illness, self-sacrifice, enmeshment/undeveloped self variables predicted behavioral jealousy, and social isolation, It was found that the variables of emotional inhibition, defectiveness/shame, self-sacrifice, vulnerability to harm/illness, and enmeshment/undeveloped self predict cognitive jealousy. The results reveal that early maladaptive schemas are associated with jealousy.

Keywords

early maladaptive schemas, jealousy, close relationship, romantic relationship

Erken Dönem Uyum Bozucu Şemalar ile Çok Boyutlu Kıskançlık Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, bireylerin erken dönem uyum bozucu şemaları ile çok boyutlu kıskançlık düzeyi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Mevcut çalışma 226 (%66) kadın ve 118 erkek (%34) gönüllü katılımcı olmak üzere toplam 344 katılımcıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mevcut çalışmada, "Kişisel Bilgi Formu", "Çok Boyutlu Kıskançlık Envanteri" ve "Young Şema Envanteri" kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 25.0 paket programında analiz edilmiştir. Veriler incelenirken, değişkenler arası ilişkiyi görebilmek için Pearson Korelasyon analizi, Bağımsız Örneklemler ile Çok Boyutlu Kıskançlık Envanteri T-Testi, Young Şema Envanteri'nin demografik değişkenlere göre anlamlı farklılık gösterip göstermediği ve yordayıcılığının Çoklu Doğrusal Regresyon Analizi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre; erken dönem uyumsuz şemalar ile çok boyutlu kıskançlık arasında anlamlı ilişki belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, erken dönem uyum bozucu şema boyutlarından iç içe geçme, duyguları bastırma, sosyal izolasyon/güvensizlik, kendini feda bağımsız değişkenlerinin duygusal kıskançlığı yordadığı, duyguları bastırma, kusurluluk, tehditler karşısında dayanıksızlık, kendini feda, iç içe geçme değişkenlerinin davranışsal kıskançlığı yordadığı ve sosyal izolasyon, duyguları bastırma, kusurluluk, kendini feda, tehditler karşısında dayanıksızlık, iç içe geçme değişkenlerinin bilişsel kıskançlığı yordadığı bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar erken dönem uyumsuz şemaların kıskançlık duygusu ile ilişkili olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

erken dönem uyum bozucu şemalar, kıskançlık, yakın ilişki, romantik ilişki

References

• Akhtar, S. (1989). Narcissistic personality disorder. Descriptive features and differential diagnosis. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 12 (3), 505-529. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0193-953X(18)30411-8
• American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). (Trans. ed.: E. Köroğlu). Physicians Publication Union.
• Balzen, K. M., Desiree'A, K., Millward, K. A., Corretti, C. A., & Ackerman, R. A. (2022). Narcissistic traits and romantic relationship outcomes: A short daily diary investigation. Journal of Research in Personality, 96, 104179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104179
• Blevis, M. (2010), Jealousy, (I. Aydın, Trans.) Sel Publishing.
• Branson, M., & March, E. (2021). Dangerous dating in the digital age: Jealousy, hostility, narcissism, and psychopathy as predictors of Cyber Dating Abuse. Computers in human behavior, 119, 106711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106711
• Burgin C.J., Brown L.H., Royal A., Silvia P.J., Barrantes-Vidal N., & Kwapil T. R. (2012). Being with others and feeling happy: Emotional expressivity in everyday life. 53(3), 185-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.03.006
• Daffern M., Gilbert, F., Lee S. & Chu, C.M. (2016) The relationship between early maladaptive schema, psychopathic traits, and neuroticism in an offender sample, Clinical Psychologist, 20(3), 125-128, https://doi.org/10.1111/cp.12069
• Demirtaş, A. (2006), “Jealousy in close relationships: Individual, relational and situational variables”, Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 3, 181-191.
• Dobrenski, R. A. (2001). Romantic jealousy: Symptoms, schemas, and attachment. [Unpublished doctoral thesis], University of Toledo.
• Faraji, H., & Boran, N.B. (2021). The relationship of psychological resilience and jealousy in adults. Journal of Social Research and Behavioral Sciences. 7 (13), 662-680. DOI 10.52096/jsrbs.6.1.7.13.34
• Faraji, H., Güler, K. (2021). Borderline personality features and jealousy traits in university students, Aydın İnsan ve Toplum Dergisi, 2(1), 137-154. DOI: 10.17932/IAU.AIT.2015.012/ait_v07i2002
• Fehr, B., & Broughton, R. (2001). Gender and personality differences in conceptions of love: An interpersonal theory analysis. Personal Relationships, 8 (2), 115-136.   https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2001.tb00031.x
• George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update (10’a ed.) Pearson.
• Gheisari, M. (2016). The effectiveness of schema therapy integrated with neurological rehabilitation on reducing early maladaptive schemas and symptoms of depression in patients with chronic depressive disorder, Health Science Journal, 10(4),1-6.
• Gökdağ, R. (2015). Love and Jealousy in Woman-Man Communication. Anadolu University, Communication Sciences Faculty, Eskişehir/Turkey, 154, 42-59. https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/5673
• Göral-Alkan, F. S. (2010). Coupling through projective identification: bridging role of projective identification in the associations among early parenting experience, personality constructs and couple relationship. (Thesis no. 277948)[Unpublished master's thesis, Middle East Technical University] YOK National Thesis Center.
• Harris, C. R., and Darby, R. S. (2010). “Jealousy in adulthood,” in Handbook of Jealousy: Theory, Research, and Multidisciplinary Approaches. eds. L. Hart and M. Legerstee (Chichester: Wiley Blackwell), 547–571.
• IBM Corp. Released 2017. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
• İmamoğlu, A., & Çelik, Y. (2009). A psychological approach to the relationship between jealousy and religiosity in married life. Religious Studies, 12(35), 7-30.
• Johnson, S. L., McKenzie, G. & McMurrich, S. (2008). Ruminative responses to positive and negative affect among students diagnosed with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32, 702–713. DOI 10.1007/s10608-007-9158-6
• Karakurt, G. (2001). The impact of adult attachment styles on romantic jealousy, (Thesis no. 105042)[Unpublished master's thesis, Middle East Technical University] YOK National Thesis Center.
• Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
• Kellett, S., & Stockton, D. (2021). Treatment of obsessive morbid jealousy with cognitive analytic therapy: a mixed-methods quasi-experimental case study. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2021.1929834
• Kernberg, O. (2016). Sınır durumlar ve patolojik narsisizm. (M. Atalay Çev.) (4. Baskı). Metis Yayınları.
• Kilmartin, C. (1994). The masculine self. Macmillan.
• King, L., & Emmons, R. (1990). Conflict over emotional expression: Psychological and physical correlates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 864–877.  https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.5.864
• Lennarz, H.K., Lichtwarck-Aschoff, A., Finkenauer, C., & Granic, I. (2017). Jealousy in adolescents' daily lives: How does it relate to interpersonal context and well-being?. Journal of Adolescence, 54, 18-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.09.008
• Lester, D., Philbrick, J. (1988). Correlates of styles of love. Personality and Individual Differences, 9 (3), 689-690. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(88)90168-7
• Martin, R., & Young, J. (2010). Schema therapy. In K. S. Dobson (Eds.), Handbook of cognitive-behavioral therapies (pp. 317–346). Guilford Press.
• Mathes, E. W., Adams, H.E., & Davies, R. M. (1985). Jealousy: Loss of relationship rewards, loss of self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and anger. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48(6), 1552-1561. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.48.6.1552
• McGinn, L. K., & Young, J. E. (1996). Schema focused therapy. P. M. Salkovskis (Ed.), Frontiers of Cognitive Therapy içinde, Guilfod press.
• Middleton, C., Fireman, G., & DiBello, R. (1993). Consistency and Chaos in Personality in Recent Trends in Theorical Psychology. Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4612-2746-5_25
• Pfeiffer, S. M., & Wong, P. T. P. (1989). Multidimensional jealousy. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 6(2), 181-196. doi:10.1177/026540758900600203
• Pines, A.M. (2003). Aşk ve Kıskançlık –kıskançlığın nedenleri, belirtileri ve çözümleri. (C. Yonsel Çev.), Okuyan Us Yayın.
• Polce-Lynch, M., Myers, B. J., Kilmartin, C. T., Forssmann-Falck, R., & Kliewer, W. (1998). Gender and age patterns in emotional expression, body image, and self-esteem: A qualitative analysis. Sex Roles, 38, 1025–1048.
• Salovey, P., & Rodin, J. (1986).The differentiation of social-comparison jealousy and romantic jealousy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(6), 1100-1112.  https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.50.6.1100
• Schmitz, P.G. (2004). On the alternative five-factor model: Structure and correlates. In On the Psychobiology of Personality: Essays in honor of Marvin Zuckerman, 65-87.
• Soygüt, G., Karaosmanoğlu, A. & Çakır, Z. (2009). Evaluation of early maladaptive schemas: A review of the psychometric properties of the Young schema scale short form-3. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 20(1), 75-84.
• Steinmetz, S. R. (1894). Suicide among Primitive Peoples. American Anthropologist, 7(1), 53-60.
• Tortamış, M. (2014). Evli bireylerde romantik kıskançlık düzeyi ve aldatma eğiliminin şema terapi modeli çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi. (Tez no. 365040) [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi].
• Usluca, M. & Güler, K. (2021). Yetişkinlerde Erken Dönem Uyum Bozucu Şemalar Bilişsel Esneklik ve Bilişsel Duygu Düzenleme Arasındaki İlişkiler. Sosyal Araştırmalar ve Davranış Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(13), 640-661.
• Valentova, J. V., de Moraes, A. C., and Varella, M. A. C. (2020). Gender, sexual orientation and type of relationship influence individual differences in jealousy: a large Brazilian sample. Personal. Individ. Differ. 157:109805. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109805
• Wan, W. W., Luk, C., & Lai, J. C. (2000). Personality correlates of loving styles among Chinese students in Hong Kong. Personality and Individual Differences, 29 (1), 169-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00185-3
• Woll, S. B. (1989). Personality and relationship correlate of loving styles. Journal of Research in Personality, 23, 480-505. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-6566(89)90016-0
• Young, J. (1994). Young Parenting Inventory. Unpublished Report.
• Young, J. E., & Brown, G. (2003). Young schema questionnaire. New York: Cognitive Therapy Center.
• Young, J. E., & Klosko, J. S. (2013). Hayatı yeniden keşfedin (S. Kohen and D. Güler, Trans.) Psychonet.
• Young, J. E., Klosko J. S. & Weishaar M. E. (2003). Schema therapy: A practitioner’s guide. The Guildford Press.
• Young, T.L. (2007). The handbook of project management. 2nd Edition, Kogan Page Limited.