Malignant hyperthermia in dogs during general anaesthesia

Year 2017, Volume: 1 Issue: 3, 57 - 62, 25.09.2017

Özlem Güzel Defne Şadalak Mckinstry

https://doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.330592

Abstract

Malignant
hyperthermia is a pharmacogenetic disorder of skeletal muscles developing as a
hypermetabolic response to inhalation anaesthetics such as halothane,
sevoflurane or isoflurane and depolarizing muscle relaxants such as
succinylcholine. It is produced by mutation of the RYR1 gene in dogs. In
anaesthetised dogs, regardless of the anaesthetic drugs used, calcium ion
channel activity may change and malignant hyperthermia may develop. Clinical features are hyperthermia,
tachypne, hypercarbia, increased oxygen consumption, severe metabolic acidosis,
hyperkalemia, cardiac arrhytmias and muscle rigidity. For a diagnosis of malignant
hyperthermia to be made, at least 3 of the clinical findings must be determined.
Dantrolene sodium is specific
antagonist of malignant
hyperthermia. However, it is not
usually preferred by veterinary practitioners due to its high cost as well as
the low incidence of the occurence of this complication. Therefore it is useful for
alternative drugs such as acepromazine,
diazepam and alfentanil to
be used for the treatment of clinical findings manifested during malignant
hyperthermia. The purpose of this review is to share with colleagues the
latest information regarding the treatment of canine malignant hyperthermia
occurring in relation to general anaesthesia. 

Keywords

hyperthermia, anaesthesia, dog

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