<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Hacettepe Journal of Mathematics and Statistics</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2651-477X</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2651-477X</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Hacettepe University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15672/hujms.536025</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Mathematical Sciences</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Matematik</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                                                            <article-title>Generalization of $z$-ideals in right duo rings</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5165-486X</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Masoudi-arani</surname>
                                    <given-names>Maryam</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>University of Kashan</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8207-1969</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Jahani-nezhad</surname>
                                    <given-names>Reza</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Technical and Vocational University</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20200806">
                    <day>08</day>
                    <month>06</month>
                    <year>2020</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>49</volume>
                                        <issue>4</issue>
                                        <fpage>1423</fpage>
                                        <lpage>1436</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20190305">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>05</month>
                        <year>2019</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20191028">
                        <day>10</day>
                        <month>28</month>
                        <year>2019</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2002, Hacettepe Journal of Mathematics and Statistics</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2002</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Hacettepe Journal of Mathematics and Statistics</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                                        <abstract><p>The aim of this paper is to generalize the notion of $z$-ideals to arbitrary noncommutative rings. A left (right) ideal $I$ of a ring $R$ is called a left (right) $z$-ideal if $M_a \subseteq I$, for each $a\in I$, where $M_a$ is the intersection of all maximal ideals containing $a$. For every two left ideals $I$ and $J$ of a ring $R$, we call $I$ a left $z_J$-ideal if $M_a \cap J \subseteq I$, for every $a\in I$, whenever $ J \nsubseteq I$ and $I$ is a $z_J$-ideal, we say that $I$ is a left relative $z$-ideal. We characterize the structure of them in right duo rings. It is proved that a duo ring $R$ is von Neumann regular ring if and only if every ideal of $R$ is a $z$-ideal. Also, every one sided ideal of a semisimple right duo ring is a $z$-ideal. We have shown that if $I$ is a left $z_J$-ideal of a $p$-right duo ring, then every minimal prime ideal of $I$ is a left $z_J$-ideal. Moreover, if every proper ideal of a $p$-right duo ring $R$ is a left relative $z$-ideal,then every ideal of $R$ is a $z$-ideal.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>z-ideal</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Duo ring</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Relative z-ideal</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Semisimple ring</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  von Neumann regular ring</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                                                                                                                    </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[1] A.R. Aliabad, F. Azarpanah and A. Taherifar, Relative z-ideals in commutative rings,
Comm. Algebra, 41, 325–341, 2013.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[2] F. Azarpanah and A. Taherifar, Relative z-ideals in C(X), Topology Appl. 156,
1711–1717, 2009</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[3] R.C. Courter, Finite dimensional right duo algebras are duo, Proceedings of the Amer.
Math. Soc. 84 (2), 157–161, 1982.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[4] L. Gillman and M. Jerison, Rings of continuous functions, The University Series in
Higher Mathematics, New York, Van Nostrand, 1960.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[5] N.K. Kim and Y. Lee, On a ring property unifying reversible and right duo rings, J.
Korean Math. Soc. 50 (5), 1083-1103, 2013.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[6] C.W. Kohls, Ideals in rings of continuous functions, Fund. Math. 45, 28–50, 1957.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[7] T.Y. Lam, A first course in noncommutative ring, Graduate Texts in Mathematics
131, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1991.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[8] T.Y. Lam and A.S. Dugas, Quasi-duo rings and stable range descent, J. Pure Appl.
Algebra 195, 243–259, 2005.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[9] G. Marks, Duo rings and ore extensions, J. Algebra, 280, 463–471, 2004.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[10] G. Mason, $z$-ideals and prime ideals, J. Algebra, 26, 280–297, 1973.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[11] G. Mason, Prime $z$-ideals of $C(X)$ and related rings, Canad. Math. Bull. 23 (4),
437–443, 1980.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[12] A. Rezaei Aliabad and R. Mohamadian, On $z$-ideals and $z^\circ$-ideals of Power Series
Rings, J. Math. Ext. 7 (2), 93–108, 2013.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
