Kültürel Marjinallik Teorisi ve Hemşirelikte Kullanımı

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 245 - 251, 14.07.2021

Emel Güven

https://doi.org/10.31125/hunhemsire.968960

Abstract

Ulaşım ve iletişim teknolojisinin gelişmesiyle birlikte kültürel çeşitlilikte bir artış meydana gelmektedir. Ortaya çıkan kültürel farklılıklar, hemşirelerin farklı kültürel geçmişleri olan hastalara verdiği bakımın kalitesini etkilemektedir. Heeseung Choi, Kültürel Marjinallik Teorisini, farklı kültürlere sahip bireylerin eşsiz deneyimlerinin daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlamak ve kültüre özgü bakımı sağlamaya rehberlik etmek amacıyla geliştirmiştir. Teorinin gelişiminde Choi’nin göçmenlerle yaptığı kalitatif çalışmaların yanı sıra Kültürleşme, Kültürel Stres ve Marjinallik Teorilerinin de katkısı olmuştur. Kültürlerarası çatışmayı tanıma, marjinal yaşam ve kültürel gerilimi hafifletme teorinin üç temel kavramlarını oluştururken, teorinin bir boyutu bağlamsal/kişisel etkilerdir. Kültürlerarası çatışmanın tanınmasıyla marjinal yaşam başlamaktadır. İnsanlar marjinal yaşam ile karşılaştıkça, uyum yanıt modelleri/kalıpları aracılığıyla kültürel gerginliği hafifletmeye çalışmaktadır. Teorinin kavramları arasındaki ilişkinin anlaşılması, göçmenlere yönelik verilecek kültüre özgü bakımı sağlamada hemşirelere bir çerçeve oluşturmaktadır. Teorinin diğer kullanım alanları arasında sağlığı geliştirme programları, kültüre özgü yeme bozuklarının değerlendirilmesi, sağlık eşitsizlikleri ve kültürel olarak terapötik hemşire-hasta etkileşimi yer almaktadır. Bu makalede amaç, Kültürel Marjinallik Teorisinin gelişimini, kavramlarını, kavramların birbiri ile olan ilişkilerini ve teorinin hemşirelikte kullanımını açıklamaktır.

Keywords

Hemşirelik, kültür, marjinallik, teori

Cultural Marginality Theory and Its Use in Nursing

Abstract

With the development of transportation and communication technology, an increase in cultural diversity occurs. The resulting cultural differences affect the quality of care nurses provide to patients with different cultural backgrounds. Heeseung Choi developed the Cultural Marginality Theory to provide a better understanding of the unique experiences of individuals with different cultures and to guide culture-specific care. In the development of the theory, besides the qualitative studies of Choi with immigrants, Culturalization, Cultural Stress, and Marginality Theories have also contributed. While recognizing intercultural conflict, marginal life, and alleviating cultural tension constitute the three basic concepts of the theory, one dimension of the theory is contextual/personal effects. With the recognition of intercultural conflict, marginal life begins. As people encounter marginal life, they try to alleviate cultural tension through adaptation response patterns. Understanding the relationship between the concepts of theory will provide a framework for nurses in providing culture-specific care for migrants. Other uses of the theory include health promotion programs, assessment of culture-specific eating disorders, health inequalities, and cultural therapeutic nurse-patient interaction. The aim of this article is to explain the development of the theory, its concepts, the interrelationships of the concepts, and the use of the theory in nursing.

Keywords

Culture, marginality, nursing, theory

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