The Relationship between Maternal Attachment and Fear of COVID-19 in Mothers who Gave Birth During the Pandemic Period

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 102 - 112, 01.08.2023

Melike Yavaş Çelik Ebru Öztürk Çopur

https://doi.org/10.31125/hunhemsire.1333824

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Aim: It was aimed to examine the relationship between maternal attachment and fear of COVID-19 in mothers who gave birth during the pandemic period.
Material and Methods: The data of this descriptive study were collected using a Personal Information Form, Maternal Attachment Scale, and COVID-19 Fear Scale. The study sample consisted of mothers with babies between 0-6 months.
Results: It was observed that there was a strong negative correlation between Maternal Attachment and COVID-19 Fear Scale scores of the mothers. It was determined that the mean Maternal Attachment Scale score of the mothers who had COVID-19 positivity during pregnancy, had COVID-19 positivity in the family members, and did not take their baby to have heel blood sample removed due to the risk of COVID-19 transmission were statistically significantly lower than the other mothers.
Conclusions: This study data showed that mothers fearing COVID-19 had a weak maternal attachment. In addition, according to the results of this study, it can be said that the fear of COVID-19 negatively affects the mother-infant union.

Keywords

Fear of COVID-19, maternal attachment, mother-infant union

Pandemi Döneminde Doğum Yapan Annelerde Maternal Bağlanma ve COVID-19 Korkusu Arasındaki İlişki

Abstract

Amaç: Pandemi döneminde doğum yapan annelerde maternal bağlanma ve COVID-19 korkusu arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı nitelikte olan bu çalışmanın verileri Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Maternal Bağlanma Ölçeği ve COVID-19 Korkusu Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 0-6 ay arasında bebeğe sahip anneler oluşturmuştur.
Bulgular: Annelerin Maternal Bağlanma ve COVID-19 Korkusu Ölçeği puanları arasında negatif yönlü güçlü bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Gebelikte COVID-19 pozitifliği olan, ailesindeki bireylerde COVID-19 pozitifliği olan ve bebeğini COVID-19 bulaşma riski nedeniyle topuk kanı aldırmaya götürmeyen annelerin Maternal Bağlanma Ölçeği puan ortalamalarının diğer annelere göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma verileri COVID-19 korkusu yaşayan annelerin maternal bağlanmalarının zayıf olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca bu çalışma sonucuna göre COVID-19 korkusunun anne-bebek birlikteliğini olumsuz etkilediği söylenebilir.

Keywords

Anne-bebek birlikteliği, COVID-19 korkusu, maternal bağlanma

References

• National Institutes of Health (NIH). National Institutes of Health (NIH) COVID-19. [İnternet]. 2020. [Erişim Tarihi: 22.07.2021]. Erişim adresi: https://covid19.nih.gov/.
• WHO. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. [İnternet]. 2020. [Erişim Tarihi: 22.07.2021]. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/ten-threats-to-global-health-in-2019.
• Anderson RM, Heesterbeek H, Klinkenberg D, Hollingsworth TD. How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic?. Lancet. 2020;395(10228):931-4.
• Chen P, Mao L, Nassis GP, Harmer P, Ainsworth BE, Li F. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): The need to maintain regular physical activity while taking precautions. J Sport Health Sci. 2020;9(2):103-4.
• Gujski M, Humeniuk E, Bojar I. Current State of Knowledge About SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Disease in Pregnant Women. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e924725.
• Li N, Han L, Peng M, Lv Y, Ouyang Y, Liu K, et al. Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia: A case-control study. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(36):2035–2041.
• Korucu AE, Şahan FU, Terzioğlu F. Perinatal dönemde Koronavirüs Hastalığı 2019 yönetimi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020;11(4):475-485.
• Schwartz DA, Graham AL. Potential maternal and infant outcomes from coronavirus 2019-nCoV (SARS-CoV-2) infecting pregnant women: lessons from SARS, MERS, and other human coronavirus infections. Viruses. 2020;12(2):194.
• Uytenbogaardt A. Does COVID-19 affect pregnant women?. Br J Midwifery. 2020;28(4):209.
• Liu J, Han P., Wu J, Gong J, Tian D. Positive rate of RT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 4880 cases from one hospital in Wuhan, China, from Jan to Feb 2020. J Infect Public Health. 2020;505:172-5.
• Kınık E, Özcan H. Maternal bağlanmayı etkileyen faktörler ve primiparlarda maternal bağlanma durumu. Sağlık Profesyonelleri Araştırma Dergisi. 2020;2(1):47-53.
• Bilgin Z, Alpar ŞE. Kadınların maternal bağlanma algısı ve anneliğe ilişkin görüşleri. Sağlık Bilimleri ve Meslekleri Dergisi. 2018;5(1):6-15.
• Aydın R, Kızılkaya T, Hancıoğlu Aytaç S, Taşlar N. COVID-19 pandemisinde; gebelik, doğum ve doğum sonu dönemde kadınların sosyal destek gereksinimi ve ebelik yaklaşımları. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal. 2020;15(4):679-90.
• Chua MSQ, Lee JCS, Sulaiman S, Tan HK. From the frontline of COVID-19-How prepared are we as obstetricians: a commentary. BJOG. 2020;127(7):786-8.
• Çuvadar A, Özcan H, Arıkan MG, Ateş S. COVID-19 tanılı gebede postpartum kaygı düzeyi̇. Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2020;3(3):297-301.
• Muller ME, Mercer RT. Development of the Prenatal Attachment Inventory. West J Nurs Res. 1993;15(2):199-215.
• Kavlak O, Şirin A. Maternal Bağlanma Ölçeği’nin Türk toplumuna uyarlanması. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi. 2009;6(1):188-202.
• Ahorsu DK, Lin CY, Imani V, Saffari M, Griffiths MD, & Pakpour AH. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and initial validation. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2020;20(3):1537-45.
• Bakioğlu F, Korkmaz O, & Ercan H. Fear of COVID-19 and positivity: Mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2021;19:2369-82.
• Oskovi-Kaplan ZA, Buyuk GN, Ozgu-Erdinc AS, Keskin HL, Ozbas A, Tekin OM. The effect of COVID-19 pandemic and social restrictions on depression rates and maternal attachment in immediat epostpartum women: A preliminary study. Psychiatr Q. 2021;92(2):675-82.
• Zanardo V, Manghina V, Giliberti L, Vettore M, Severino L, Straface G. Psychological impact of COVID-19 quarantine measures in north eastern Italy on mothers in the immediate postpartum period. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2020;150(2):184-8.
• Collin J, Byström E, Carnahan A, Ahrne M. Public health agency of Sweden's brief report: Pregnant and postpartum women with severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 infection in intensive care in Sweden. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2020;99(7):819-22.
• Dashraath P, Wong J, Lim M, Lim LM, Li S, Biswas A, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;222(6):521-31.
• Mayopoulos G. A, Ein-Dor T, Dishy GA, Nandru R, Chan SJ, Hanley LE, et al. COVID-19 is associated with traumatic child birth and subsequent mother-infant bonding problems. J Affect Disord. 2021;282(2021):122-5.
• Balkaya NA. Postpartum dönemde annelerin bakım gereksinimleri ve ebe – hemşirenin rolü. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi. 2002;6(2):42-93.
• Eroğlu K. Evde bakım hizmetlerinin doğum sonu erken taburcu edilen yenidoğanlarda görülen komplikasyonlar üzerine etkisi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik Dergisi. 2009;16(1):25-38.
• Jafree SR, Momina A, Muazzam A, Wajid R, Calib G. Factors affecting delivery health service satisfaction of women and fear of COVID− 19: Implications for maternal and child health in Pakistan. Matern Child Health J. 2021;25(6):881-91.
• Uzun A, Öztürk GZ, Bozkurt Z, Çavuşoğlu M. Investigating of fear of COVID-19 after pregnancy and Association with breastfeeding. Journal of Ideas in Health. 2021;4(1):327-33.
• Ostacoli L, Cosma S, Bevilacqua F, Berchialla P, Bovetti M, Carosso AR, et al. Psychosocial factors associated with postpartum psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20(1):1-8.
• Haktanir A, Seki T, Dilmaç B. Adaptation and evaluation of Turkish version of the fear of COVID-19 scale. Death Studies. (in press). 2020. doi: 10.1080/07481187.2020.1773026.
• Cerda AA, García LY. Factors explaining the fear of being infected with COVID‐19. Health Expect. 2022;25(2):506-12.
• Helmy HK., Elbastawes YS, Ahmed SI. Fear and anxiety impacts of the COVID-19 among primigravida versus multigravida pregnant women. Assiut Scientific Nursing Journal. 2020;8(23):75-85.
• Qiu J, Shen B, Zhao M, Wang Z, Xie B, Xu Y. A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: Implications and policy recommendations. Gen Psychiatr. 2020;33(2):e100213.
• Sheen K, Slade P. Examining the content and moderators of women's fears forgiving birth: A meta-synthesis. J Clin Nurs. 2018;27(13–14):2523-35.
• Mahboubeh H, Abbas E, Nourossadat K. Persian translation of the pregnancy experience scale (PES)–brief version: Confirmatory factor analysis. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences. 2018;12(1):503-508.
• Fakari FR, Simbar M. Coronavirus pandemic and worries during pregnancy; a letter to Editor. Arch Acad Emerg Med. 2020;8(1):e21.
• Holditch-Davis D, Santos H, Levy J, White-Traut R, O'Shea TM, Geraldo V, et al. Patterns of psychological distress in mothers of preterm infants. Infant Behav Dev. 2015;(41):154-63.
• Salehi L, Rahimzadeh M, Molaei E, Zaheri H, & Esmaelzadeh‐Saeieh S. The relationship among fear and anxiety of COVID‐19, pregnancy experience, and mental health disorder in pregnant women: A structural equation model. Brain Behav. 2020;10(11):e01835.
• Colizzi M, Bortoletto R, Silvestri M, Mondini F, Puttini E, Cainelli C, et al. Medically unexplained symptoms in the times of COVID-19 pandemic: A case-report. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2020;5(2020):100073.
• Cheema R, Partridge E, Kair LR, Kuhn-Riordon KM, Silva AI, Bettinelli ME, et al. Protecting breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Perinatol. 2023;40(3):260-6.
• Hull N, Kam RL, Gribble KD. Providing breastfeeding support during the COVID-19 pandemic: Concerns of mothers who contacted the Australian Breastfeeding Association. Breastfeeding Review. 2020;28(3):25-35.
• Çankaya S, Yılmaz SD, Can R, Kodaz ND. Postpartum depresyonun maternal bağlanma üzerine etkisi. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2017;4:232-40.
• Durualp E, Kaytez N, Girgin BA. An analysis of the relation between marital satisfaction and maternal bonding. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2017;18(2):129-38.
• Kokanalı D, Ayhan S, Devran A, Kokanalı MK, Taşçı Y. Effect of cesarean section on postpartum depression and maternal attachment. Journal of Contemporary Medicine. 2018;0(0):148-52.
• Unal D, Çak ET. Anne Bebek İlişkisi ve Sağlıklı Bağlanma. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal Child Psychiatry-Special Topics. 2018;4(1):1-4.
• Sahin B, Karabekiroğlu K. Bebek ruh sağlığında erken müdahale programları. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal Child Psychiatry-Special Topics. 2018;4(1):69-76.
• Tonkuş MB, Muslu SN. Maternal attachment and related factors. Journal of Medical Sciences. 2021;2(2):32-40.
• Ruma UR. Association of mother-child attachment with maternal mental health in early years [PhD thesis], Dakka: Brac University; 2020.