“It has not been easy, but it has been worth it”: Experiences of Tandem Breastfeeding Mothers: A Qualitative Research
Year 2025,
Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 26 - 37, 22.04.2025
Sidar Gül
,
Ayşegül Kılıçlı
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to explore the experiences of mothers who practiced tandem breastfeeding.
Material and Methods: A phenomenological study was conducted through in-depth interviews with 18 mothers who had practiced tandem breastfeeding for over three months. Purposive sampling was used. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s phenomenological analysis process.
Results: The study's results were categorized under six themes, including decision-making, the meaning of tandem breastfeeding, challenges, benefits, barriers, and facilitators. The choice of tandem breastfeeding was based on the promotion of bio-psychosocial health. Tandem breastfeeding was a unique and pleasant experience, but it also caused fear. The process presented both challenges and benefits to bio-psychosocial health. Cultural beliefs and negative reactions were barriers to tandem breastfeeding, whereas social support and adequate knowledge were facilitators.
Conclusion: Tandem breastfeeding is a multifaceted experience shaped by maternal decisions, family dynamics, and community influences. Breastfeeding counseling programs need to be modified to meet the needs and priorities of tandem breastfeeding mothers, and awareness programs are essential at multisectoral levels.
Ethical Statement
Approval was obtained from Siirt University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Application date: 01/09/2021 and, Approval number: 19741).
Supporting Institution
No external or intramural funding was received.
Thanks
The authors thank all the women who shared their time and experience to participate in this study.
References
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Aker, M. N., Gönenç, I. M., Er Korucu, A., & Çakırer Çalbayram, N. (2024). Mothers’ experiences of tandem breastfeeding: A phenomenological study. American Journal of Perinatology, 41(S01), e1421-e1434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-2033-0031
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Baranowska, B., Malinowska, M., Stanaszek, E., Sys, D., Bączek, G., Doroszewska, A., Tataj-Puzyna, U., & Rabijewski, M. (2019). Extended breastfeeding in Poland: knowledge of health care providers and attitudes on breastfeeding beyond infancy. Journal of Human Lactation, 35(2), 371-380. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334418819448
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Cetin, I., Assandro, P., Massari, M., Sagone, A., Genaretti, R., Donzelli, G., Knowles, A., Monasta, L., & Davanzo, R. (2014). Breastfeeding during Pregnancy: Position Paper of the Italian Society of Perinatal Medicine and the Task Force on Breastfeeding, Ministry of Health, Italy. Journal of Human Lactation, 30(1), 20-27. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334413514294
-
Colaizzi, P. F. (1978). Psychological research as the phenomenologist views it. In R., Valle, & M., King (Eds.). Existential-phenomenological alternatives for psychology. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 6.
-
Devecioğlu, E., Kürkçü Güneş, D., Kural, B., Eren, T., & Gökçay, G. (2015). Breastfeeding during pregnancy and tandem nursing: Case reports. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, 77(4), 60-63. http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18017/iuitfd.13056441.2015.77/4.60-63
-
Erdoğan, Ç., & Turan, T. (2023). Determination of breast milk insufficiency perceptions of tandem breastfeeding mothers: A case-control study. Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 29(1), 50-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnn.2022.02.002
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Foss, K. A. (2017). “The new boob tube?”: Education, entertainment, and viewers’ perceptions of breastfeeding on social media. In K. Foss (Ed.). Breastfeeding and media: Exploring conflicting discourses that threaten public health. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-56442-5_8
-
Gianni, M. L., Bettinelli, M. A., Manfra, P., Sorrentino, G., Bezze, E., Plevai, L., Cavallaro, G., Raffaeli, G., Letizia Crippa, B., Colombo, L., Morniroli, D., Liotto, N., Roggero, P., Villamor, E., Marchisio, P., & Mosca, F. (2019). Breastfeeding difficulties and risk for early breastfeeding cessation. Nutrients, 11(10), 2266. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102266
-
Göncü Serhatlıoğlu, S., & Yılmaz, E. (2020). What is tandem breastfeeding? Istanbul Gelisim University Journal of Health Sciences, 12, 433-442. https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.658725
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Hacettepe University, Institute of Population Studies. (2019). Turkey Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) 2018. Ankara, Türkiye. http://www.sck.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/TNSA2018_ana_Rapor.pdf
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Lambert, V. A., & Lambert, C. E. (2013). Qualitative descriptive research: An acceptable design. Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research, 16(4), 255–256. https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/PRIJNR/article/view/5805
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Meek, J. (Ed.). (2017). The American academy of pediatrics new mother’s guide to breastfeeding. 3rd ed. New York, USA: Bantam Books.
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Morns, M., & Steel, A. (2018). Naturopathic support for nursing aversion associated with tandem breastfeeding. Australian Journal of Herbal and Naturopathic Medicine, 30(2), 74-78.
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O’Rourke, M. P., & Spatz, D. L. (2019). Women’s experiences with tandem breastfeeding. MCN The American journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 44(4), 220-227. https://doi.org/10.1097/nmc.0000000000000534
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Percy, W. H., Kostere, K., & Kostere, S. (2015). Generic qualitative research in psychology. The Qualitative Report, 20(2), 76-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2015.2097
-
Rodríguez Vázquez, R., García Díaz, A., Jiménez Fernández, R., & Corral Liria, I. (2023). Exploring tandem breastfeeding motivations via self-determination theory: an interpretative phenomenological study. Journal of Human Lactation, 39(3), 468-477. https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344231166910
-
Rosenberg, G., Mangel, L., Mandel, D., Marom, R., & Lubetzky, R. (2021). Tandem breastfeeding and human milk macronutrients: A prospective observational study. Journal of Human Lactation, 37(4), 723-729. https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344211003827
-
Säilävaara, J. (2020). Long-term breastfeeding: the embodied experiences of finnish mothers. NORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, 28(1), 43-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08038740.2019.1694581
-
Sinkiewicz-Darol, E., Bernatowicz-Łojko, U., Łubiech, K., Adamczyk, I., Twarużek, M., Baranowska, B., Skowron, K., & Spatz, D. L. (2021). Tandem breastfeeding: A descriptive analysis of the nutritional value of milk when feeding a younger and older child. Nutrients, 13(1), 277. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010277
-
Turkish Republic, Ministry of Industry and Technology. (2017). Socio-economic development ranking studies. https://www.sanayi.gov.tr/merkez-birimi/b94224510b7b/sege
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World Health Organization (WHO). (2003). Global Strategy for İnfant and Young Child Feding. Geneva 27, Switzerland. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/42590/9241562218.pdf?sequence=1
"Kolay olmadı ama buna değdi": Tandem Emziren Annelerin Deneyimleri: Nitel Bir Araştırma
Year 2025,
Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 26 - 37, 22.04.2025
Sidar Gül
,
Ayşegül Kılıçlı
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışma, tandem emzirme uygulayan annelerin deneyimlerini keşfetmeyi amaçlamıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Üç aydan uzun süredir tandem emzirme uygulayan 18 anne ile derinlemesine görüşmeler yoluyla fenomenolojik bir çalışma yürütülmüştür. Amaçlı örnekleme kullanılmıştır. Veriler Colaizzi'nin fenomenolojik analiz süreci kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmanın sonuçları karar verme, tandem emzirmenin anlamı, zorluklar, faydalar, engeller ve kolaylaştırıcılar olmak üzere altı tema altında kategorize edilmiştir. Tandem emzirme seçimi biyo-psikososyal sağlığın desteklenmesine dayanmaktadır. Tandem emzirme benzersiz ve hoş bir deneyim olmakla birlikte korkuya da neden olmuştur. Bu süreç biyo-psikososyal sağlık açısından hem zorluklar hem de faydalar sunmuştur. Kültürel inançlar ve olumsuz tepkiler tandem emzirmenin önündeki engeller iken, sosyal destek ve yeterli bilgi kolaylaştırıcı unsurlardı.
Sonuç: Tandem emzirme anne, aile ve toplum odaklı seçimlerden etkilenen karmaşık bir deneyimdir. Emzirme danışmanlığı programlarının tandem emziren annelerin ihtiyaç ve önceliklerini karşılayacak şekilde değiştirilmesi ve çok sektörlü düzeyde farkındalık programlarının uygulanması gerekmektedir.
References
-
Aker, M. N., Gönenç, I. M., Er Korucu, A., & Çakırer Çalbayram, N. (2024). Mothers’ experiences of tandem breastfeeding: A phenomenological study. American Journal of Perinatology, 41(S01), e1421-e1434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-2033-0031
-
Baranowska, B., Malinowska, M., Stanaszek, E., Sys, D., Bączek, G., Doroszewska, A., Tataj-Puzyna, U., & Rabijewski, M. (2019). Extended breastfeeding in Poland: knowledge of health care providers and attitudes on breastfeeding beyond infancy. Journal of Human Lactation, 35(2), 371-380. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334418819448
-
Cetin, I., Assandro, P., Massari, M., Sagone, A., Genaretti, R., Donzelli, G., Knowles, A., Monasta, L., & Davanzo, R. (2014). Breastfeeding during Pregnancy: Position Paper of the Italian Society of Perinatal Medicine and the Task Force on Breastfeeding, Ministry of Health, Italy. Journal of Human Lactation, 30(1), 20-27. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334413514294
-
Colaizzi, P. F. (1978). Psychological research as the phenomenologist views it. In R., Valle, & M., King (Eds.). Existential-phenomenological alternatives for psychology. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 6.
-
Devecioğlu, E., Kürkçü Güneş, D., Kural, B., Eren, T., & Gökçay, G. (2015). Breastfeeding during pregnancy and tandem nursing: Case reports. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, 77(4), 60-63. http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18017/iuitfd.13056441.2015.77/4.60-63
-
Erdoğan, Ç., & Turan, T. (2023). Determination of breast milk insufficiency perceptions of tandem breastfeeding mothers: A case-control study. Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 29(1), 50-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnn.2022.02.002
-
Foss, K. A. (2017). “The new boob tube?”: Education, entertainment, and viewers’ perceptions of breastfeeding on social media. In K. Foss (Ed.). Breastfeeding and media: Exploring conflicting discourses that threaten public health. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-56442-5_8
-
Gianni, M. L., Bettinelli, M. A., Manfra, P., Sorrentino, G., Bezze, E., Plevai, L., Cavallaro, G., Raffaeli, G., Letizia Crippa, B., Colombo, L., Morniroli, D., Liotto, N., Roggero, P., Villamor, E., Marchisio, P., & Mosca, F. (2019). Breastfeeding difficulties and risk for early breastfeeding cessation. Nutrients, 11(10), 2266. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102266
-
Göncü Serhatlıoğlu, S., & Yılmaz, E. (2020). What is tandem breastfeeding? Istanbul Gelisim University Journal of Health Sciences, 12, 433-442. https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.658725
-
Hacettepe University, Institute of Population Studies. (2019). Turkey Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) 2018. Ankara, Türkiye. http://www.sck.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/TNSA2018_ana_Rapor.pdf
-
Lambert, V. A., & Lambert, C. E. (2013). Qualitative descriptive research: An acceptable design. Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research, 16(4), 255–256. https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/PRIJNR/article/view/5805
-
Meek, J. (Ed.). (2017). The American academy of pediatrics new mother’s guide to breastfeeding. 3rd ed. New York, USA: Bantam Books.
-
Morns, M., & Steel, A. (2018). Naturopathic support for nursing aversion associated with tandem breastfeeding. Australian Journal of Herbal and Naturopathic Medicine, 30(2), 74-78.
-
O’Rourke, M. P., & Spatz, D. L. (2019). Women’s experiences with tandem breastfeeding. MCN The American journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 44(4), 220-227. https://doi.org/10.1097/nmc.0000000000000534
-
Percy, W. H., Kostere, K., & Kostere, S. (2015). Generic qualitative research in psychology. The Qualitative Report, 20(2), 76-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2015.2097
-
Rodríguez Vázquez, R., García Díaz, A., Jiménez Fernández, R., & Corral Liria, I. (2023). Exploring tandem breastfeeding motivations via self-determination theory: an interpretative phenomenological study. Journal of Human Lactation, 39(3), 468-477. https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344231166910
-
Rosenberg, G., Mangel, L., Mandel, D., Marom, R., & Lubetzky, R. (2021). Tandem breastfeeding and human milk macronutrients: A prospective observational study. Journal of Human Lactation, 37(4), 723-729. https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344211003827
-
Säilävaara, J. (2020). Long-term breastfeeding: the embodied experiences of finnish mothers. NORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, 28(1), 43-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08038740.2019.1694581
-
Sinkiewicz-Darol, E., Bernatowicz-Łojko, U., Łubiech, K., Adamczyk, I., Twarużek, M., Baranowska, B., Skowron, K., & Spatz, D. L. (2021). Tandem breastfeeding: A descriptive analysis of the nutritional value of milk when feeding a younger and older child. Nutrients, 13(1), 277. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010277
-
Turkish Republic, Ministry of Industry and Technology. (2017). Socio-economic development ranking studies. https://www.sanayi.gov.tr/merkez-birimi/b94224510b7b/sege
-
World Health Organization (WHO). (2003). Global Strategy for İnfant and Young Child Feding. Geneva 27, Switzerland. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/42590/9241562218.pdf?sequence=1