Journal of Humanity, Peace and Justice 3023-8366 Istanbul University 10.26650/hupej.2025.2.1.1637600 International Security Uluslararası Güvenlik The Future of Terrorism https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9546-6847 Kara Mehmet Erkin National Defense University, Military Academy, Department of International Relations 08 28 2025 2 1 1 12 02 11 2025 04 27 2025 Copyright © 2024, Journal of Humanity, Peace and Justice 2024 Journal of Humanity, Peace and Justice

The dramatic rise of terrorism has accelerated after the 9/11 attacks, and it has comprehensively affected the world within the public eyes and academic world. Although every human being uses the term terrorism and knows what a terrorist’s methods are, most of them cannot explain properly the meaning of terrorism or the theory of terrorism. Evaluating the modern history of terrorism is very difficult to categorise too. Furthermore, there are a lot of definitions and descriptions of terrorism in the academic world. However, there is no prominent consensus about its definition and description in the international community. However, David Rapoport’s academic article “The Four Waves of Terrorism” has been accepted as the most respectful analysed theory which is about history of modern international terrorism in the security and terrorism studies literature. According to his theory, terrorism waves emerge, peak, and recede in a wavelike pattern. The first wave began with anarchist terrorism, and they have been currently going on with the fourth wave of terrorism, which is a religion wave. Numerous studies were conducted after his four waves of modern terrorism theory. Most of them have searched for the fifth waves that may be seen in the future. But they have not been as influential as David Rapoport’s four waves of terrorism theory. From this perspective, this study aims to add a new accessible approach for the fifth wave of terrorism. Thus, it simply seeks to fulfil this need.

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