Analysis of Hepatitis B and C Seroprevalence and Anti-Hbs Antibody Titers in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with and without Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Abstract

Background: Infection with parenterally transmitted viruses, such as hepatitis B and C viruses, is tho-ught to be more common in patients with type 2 diabetes for several reasons. Diabetic foot ulcers are a serious complication of diabetes that can lead to more frequent hospital admissions, longer hospital stays and the need for more invasive procedures. Given their complicated conditions, we hypothesized that the prevalence of hepatitis B and C infections might be higher in patients with diabetic foot ul-cers. Materials and Methods: A total of 440 patients with type 2 diabetes, 220 with diabetic foot ulcers (group 1) and 220 without (group 2), who were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HBs and anti-hepatitis C antibodies (anti-HCV), were retrospectively included in the study. Anti-HBs titers <10 IU/mL were defined as lack of protective immunity, titers of 10-99 IU/mL were considered protec-tive, and titers of ≥100 IU/mL were considered high immunity. Results: HBsAg seropositivity was detected in 7 patients (3.2%), both in group 1 and group 2 (p=1.0). The presence of anti-HCV seropositivity was detected in 5 patients (2.3%) in group 1 and in 3 patients (1.4%) in group 2 (p=0.724). A titer of less than 10 mIU/mL of anti-HBs antibody was found in 118 (55.4%) patients in group 1 and in 112 (52.6%) patients in group 2 (p=0.609). Conclusions: No significant differences were observed in HBsAg, anti-HCV, or relative anti-HBs seroposi-tivity between type 2 diabetic patients with and without diabetic foot ulcer. It was found that 54.0% of patients with type 2 diabetes had anti-HBs antibody titers below 10 mIU/mL.

Keywords

• type 2 diabetes mellitus
• hepatitis B
• hepatitis C
• anti-HBs

Diyabetik Ayak Ülseri Olan ve Olmayan Tip 2 Diyabetli Hastalarda Hepatit B ve C’nin Seroprevalansı ile Anti-Hbs Antikor Titrelerinin Analizi

Abstract

Amaç: Tip 2 diyabetli bireylerde, hepatit B ve C virüsleri gibi parenteral yolla bulaşan virüslerin neden olduğu enfeksiyonlar daha yaygın görülebilmektedir. Diyabetik ayak ülserleri, artan sayıda hastaneye yatış ihtiyacı, invaziv prosedür gereksinimi ve uzayan yatış süreleri ile ilişkili olan diyabetin kronik ve ciddi bir komplikasyonudur. Komplike durumları göz önüne alındığında, diyabetik ayak ülserli bireyler-de hepatit B ve C enfeksiyonlarının prevalansının daha yüksek olabileceğini varsayarak bu çalışmaya planladık. Materyal ve Metod: HBV yüzey antijeni (HBsAg), anti-HBs ve anti-hepatit C antikor (anti-HCV) düzeyleri bakılmış olan 220’si diyabetik ayak ülseri olan (grup 1) ve olmayan 220 kişi (grup 2) olmak üzere toplam 440 tip 2 diyabet hastası, retrospektif olarak çalışmaya dahil edildi. Anti-HBs titrelerinin <10 IU/mL olması bağışıklığın yokluğu, 10-99 IU/mL olması koruyucu bağışıklık ve ≥100 IU/mL titreler ise yüksek bağışıklığın varlığı olarak kabul edildi. Bulgular: HBsAg seropozitifliği her iki grupta benzer bir şekilde 7’şer hastada (%3.2) tespit edildi (p=1.0). Grup 1'de 5 hastada (%2.3), grup 2'de ise 3 hastada (%1.4) anti-HCV seropozitifliği saptandı (p=0.724). Grup 1'de 118 (%55.4) hastada, grup 2'de ise 112 (%52.6) hastada anti-HBs antikor titrelerinin 10 mIU/mL'nin altında seyrettiği tespit edildi (p=0.609). Sonuç: Diyabetik ayak ülseri olan ve olmayan tip 2 diyabet hastaları arasında HBsAg, anti-HCV veya göreceli anti-HBs antikor seropozitifliği açısından anlamlı bir fark saptanmadı. Hastaların önemli bir kısmında (%54.0) anti-HBs antikor titrelerinin düşük (10 mIU/mL'nin altında) olduğu tespit edildi.

Keywords

• tip 2 diyabetes mellitus
• hepatit B
• hepatit C
• anti-HBs

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