Research on the Role of Self-Efficacy in the Effect of Workplace Envy on Intention to Quit

Year 2022, Volume: 51 Issue: 2, 627 - 642, 30.12.2022

Gamze Aydın Serdar Bozkurt

https://doi.org/10.26650/ibr.2022.51.1062932

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of self-efficacy (SE) on the relationship between workplace envy and intention to quit. We expect that feelings of envy will be among the factors affecting the intention to quit that are frequently discussed in Organizational Behavior (OB) literature. In addition, to the best of our knowledge, the effects of SE on the relationship between envy and intention to leave have not been examined in the literature. In this study, we aim to fill the gap in the literature by revealing the possible effects of SE from a behavioral perspective. We conducted a survey of the academics of ten universities, randomly selected from five different geographical regions of Turkey. A total of 237 academics working at both state and foundation universities participated in the study. The SmartPLS package program, which is a multi-level structural equation modeling (SEM) application, was used in the analysis of the data. As a result of the analyses, we find that self-efficacy partially mediates the relationship between workplace envy and intention to quit. We expect that the results of the study will help researchers and managers who are interested in the subject to understand and manage the effects of workplace envy.

Keywords

Workplace envy, Self-efficacy, Intention to quit, Academic staf

References

• Adrianson, L., & Ramdhani, N. (2014). Why you and not me? Expressions of envy in Sweden and Indonesia. International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology, 3(3), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrsp.2014.743
• Akbulut, Y. (2015). Predictors of inconsistent responding in web surveys. Internet Research, 25(1). 131-147. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-01-2014-0017
• Albaqami, A. (2016). Determinants of turnover intention among faculty members in Saudi public universities (Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Salford). Retrieved from http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/40542/
• Annoni, V., Bertini, S., Perini, M., Pistone, A., & Zucchi, S. (2016). Containing workplace envy a provisional map of the ways to prevent or channel envy, and reduce ıts damage. In M. K. Smith, R. H., Merlone, U., & Duffy (Eds.), Envy at Work and in Organizations (pp. 476–503). https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof
• Aydın Küçük, B. (2019). The impacts of toxic organizational climate, narcissistic leader and workplace envy on individual outcomes of counterproductive work behavior, work exhaustion and contextual performance: The roles of perceived self-esteem and self-control. (Doctoral dissertation). Marmara University. İstanbul.
• Aydoğan, E., Erden, P., Bıyık, Y., & Bingöl, D. (2017). Örgütsel yaşamda beş faktör kişilik özellikleri açısından sosyal karşılaştırma yönelimi. Selçuk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi. 17(33). 19-29.
• Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74–94.
• Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.
• Barron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182.
• Başerer, D. & Başerer, Z. (2019). Akademisyenlerin tükenmişlik ve öz yeterlik düzeyleri. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(1), 1-19.
• Bigirimana, S., Sibanda, E. N., & Masengu, R. (2016). The impact of working conditions on academic staff turnover at Africa University, Mutare, Zimbabwe. Asian journal of social sciences and management studies, 3(2), 91-98.
• Büyükbeşe T., Okun O. & Çavuşoğlu S. (2018). Üniversite çalışanlarının psikolojik sermaye düzeylerinin belirlenmesine yönelik bir araştırma: Bingöl Üniversitesi örneği. Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(21),1-17.
• Cohen-Charash, Y., & Larson, E. (2016). What is the nature of envy?. In U. Merlone, M. Perini, M. K. Duffy, & R. H. Smith (Eds.), Envy at work and in organizations: Research, theory, and applications. (pp. 1-38). New York: Oxford University Press.
• Côté, S. & Morgan, L. M. (2002). A longitudinal analysis of the association between emotion regulation, job satisfaction, and intentions to quit. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 947–62.
• Crusius, J., & Lange, J. (2021). Counterfactual thoughts distinguish benign and malicious envy. Emotion, 21(5), 905–920.
• Çelebi, F., Gül, H., & Akkuş, B. D. (2021). Örgütsel imrenme ve imrenilme: akademisyenler üzerinde bir araştırma ve ölçek uyarlaması. KMU Journal of Social and Economic Research, 23(40), 72–97.
• De Neve, D., & Devos, G. (2017). Psychological states and working conditions buffer beginning teachers’ intention to leave the job. European Journal of Teacher Education, 40(1), 6-27.
• Demirbaş, B., & Haşit, G. (2016). İş yerinde yalnızlık ve işten ayrılma niyetine etkisi: akademisyenler üzerine bir uygulama. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16(1), 137–158.
• Doğan, A., Demir, R., & Türkmen, E. (2020). Türkiye'deki akademisyenlerin iş tatmini, rol stresi ve işten ayrılma niyetlerinin incelenmesi. Yükseköğretim Dergisi, 10(3), 340-355.
• Doğan, K., & Vecchio, R. P. (2001). Managing envy and jealousy in the workplace. Compensation and Benefits Review, 33 (2), 57-64.
• Duffy, M. K., Lee, K., & Adair, E. A. (2021). Workplace envy. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 8, 19-44.
• Dülgeroğlu, İ., & Başol, O. (2017). İş stresi ve çalışma yaşamı kalitesi algısının yansımaları: satış temsilcileri üzerine bir araştırma. Business and Economics Research Journal, 8(2), 293-304.
• Elçi, M. Şener, İ., Karabay, M. E., & Erman, H. (2021). İşyerinde kiskanma ve kiskanilma: ölçek uyarlama ve ölçüt bağimli geçerliliği. İş ve İnsan Dergisi, 8(2), 209-224.
• Erdil, O., & Müceldili, B. (2014). The effects of envy on job engagement and turnover ıntention. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 447–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.050
• Erseven, A. (2016). Öz yeterlilik: bir kavram analizi. Turkish Studies, 11(19), 63–80.
• Eslami, A., & Arshadi, N. (2016). Effect of organizational competitive climate on organizational prosocial behavior: Workplace envy as a mediator. International Journal of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, 10(5), 1798-1801.
• Fahmi, T. M., & Mohamed, H. A. S. (2020). Examining the relationship between talent management practices, work engagement and intention to quit of academic staff: insights from Egyptian faculties of tourism and hotels. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Systems, 13(1). 1-12.
• Festinger, L. (1954). The social comparison theory. Human Relations, 7(2), 117–140.
• Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 382–388.
• Gülen, S. (2006). Kadın ve kıskançlık. Kadın Çalışmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 90–97.
• Gün. F., & Büyükgöze, H. (2015). Araştırma görevlilerinin bireysel gelişim inisiyatifinde özyeterliğin rolü. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 4(2), 418-432.
• Günalan, M. (2019). Olumsuz bir duygu olarak işyerinde kıskançlık ve örgüt algıları ilişkisi üzerine bir literatür incelemesi. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(43), 323–335.
• Günalan, M., & Ceylan, A. (2014). The mediator role of organizational image on the relationship between jealousy and turnover intention: A study on health workers. Balikesir University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 17(31), 133-156.
• Günerergin, M. (2017). Envy at workplace: an exploratory study. (Doctoral dissertation). Graduate School of Business, İzmir.
• Hana, U., & Lucie, L. (2011). Staff turnover as a possible threat to knowledge loss staff turnover as a possible threat to knowledge loss. Journal of Competitiveness, 3(September 2011), 84–98.
• Hemmings, B. C., Kay, R., Sharp, J., & Taylor, C. (2012). A transnational comparison of lecturer self-efficacy. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 36(3), 291–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2011.614932
• Henseler, J., Hubona, G.S. & Ray, P. A. (2016). Using PLS path modeling in new technology research: Updated guidelines. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 116(1), 1-19.
• HESA, (2022, January 06). HE academic staff starters and leavers by HE provider, mode of employment and academic year. Retrieved from https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/staff/table-22
• Hilal, O. A. (2021). The moderating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between workplace envy and social undermining. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 40(6), 28–40. https://doi.org/10.1002/joe.22091
• Ismayilova, K., & Klassen, R. M. (2019). Research and teaching self-efficacy of university faculty: Relations with job satisfaction. International Journal of Educational Research, 98(February), 55–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2019.08.012
• Kıral, E., & Ödemiş Keleş, N. (2019). Öğretim elemanlarının kıskançlığa ilişkin algıları. E. Kıral, E. B. Çelik, & A. Çilek (Ed.), Eğitim Araştırmaları (pp. 68–100). Eğitim Yöneticileri ve Uzmanları Derneği (EYUDER).
• Kwiatkowska, M. M., Rogoza, R., & Volkodav, T. (2020). Psychometric properties of the Benign and Malicious Envy Scale: Assessment of structure, reliability, and measurement invariance across the United States, Germany, Russia, and Poland. Current Psychology, 1-11.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00802-4
• Lange, J., & Crusius, J. (2015). Dispositional envy revisited: unraveling the motivational dynamics of benign and malicious envy. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41(2), 284-294.
• Lee, K., Duffy, M. K., Scott, K. L., & Schippers, M. C. (2018). The experience of being envied at work: How being envied shapes employee feelings and motivation. Personnel Psychology, 71(2), 181-200.
• Lyberg, L., Biemer, P., Collins, M., De Leeuw, E., Dippo, C., Schwarz, N., & Trewin, D. (1997). Survey measurement and process quality. New York: Wiley.
• Mcgrath, D. (2011). Workplace envy: The methodological challenges of capturing a denied or concealed emotion. The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, 6(1), 81–89.
• Mobley, W.H., Horner, S.O., & Hollingsworth, A.T. (1978). An evaluation of precursors of hospital employee turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63(4), 408-414.
• Navaro, L. (2011). Haset ve rekabet: kendi kuyruğunu yiyen yılan. (1th ed.). İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
• Navarro-Carrillo, G., Beltran-Morillas, A. M., Valor-Segura, I., & Exposito, F. (2017). What is behind envy? Approach from a psychosocial perspective. Revista de Psicología Social, 32(2). 217-245.
• Özdemir, S. & Erdem, R. (2020). Akademinin yeşil gözlü canavarı: kıskançlığın nedenleri ve sonuçları üzerine fenomenolojik bir çalışma. Nitel Sosyal Bilimler, 2(1), 19-39.
• Özdemir, S. (2018). Akademik Örgütlerde Kıskançlık Üzerine Fenomenolojik Bir Çalışma. (Doctoral dissertation).Süleyman Demirel Üniversity. Isparta.
• Pfitzner-Eden, F. (2016). I feel less confident so I quit? Do true changes in teacher self-efficacy predict changes in preservice teachers' intention to quit their teaching degree?. Teaching and Teacher Education, 55, 240-254.
• Pines, A. M. (2003). Aşk ve kıskançlık. [Romantic Jealousy: Causes, Symptoms, Cures] (C. Yonsel, Trans.). (1th ed.). İstanbul: Okuyan Us Yayın.
• Psailla, G. & Roland, W. (2007, September). E-commerce and web technologies: 8th International Conference, EC-Web 2007, Regensburg, Germany, September 3-7, Proceedings, 4655, Springer, 2007.
• Rahman, M. S., Mannan, M., Hossain, M. A., Zaman, M. H., & Hassan, H. (2018). Tacit knowledge-sharing behavior among the academic staff: Trust, self-efficacy, motivation and Big Five personality traits embedded model. International Journal of Educational Management. 32(5), 761-782.
• Reyna, J. (2021, July). Do we hate it when our friends become successful? Envy in educational technology. In EdMedia+ Innovate Learning (pp. 356-361). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
• Ricci, F., & Scafarto, V. (2015). Malicious envy in the workplace and intangible capital: an interpretation from the perspective of management. International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research, 4(11), 24-35.
• Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized self-efficacy scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston (Eds.), Measures in health psychology: A user’s portfolio. Causal and control beliefs (pp. 35–37). Windsor, United Kingdom: NFER-NELSON.
• Stajkovic, A. D. & Luthans, F. (1998). Social cognitive theory and self-efficacy: Going beyond traditional motivational and behavioral approaches. Organizational Dynamics, 26. 62-74.
• Stenmark, C. K., Redfearn, R. A., & Kreitler, C. M. (2021). Self-efficacy and ethical decision-making. Ethics & Behavior, 31(5), 301–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2020.1776617
• Sun, J., Li, W., Li, Y., Liden, R. C., Li, S., & Zhang, X. (2021). Unintended consequences of being proactive? Linking proactive personality to coworker envy, helping, and undermining, and the moderating role of prosocial motivation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 106(2), 250–267. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000494
• Tai, K., Narayanan, J., & Mcallister, D. J. (2012). Envy As pain: rethinking the nature of envy and its implications for employees and organizations. The Academy of Management Review, 37(1), 107–129.
• Taşkın, E. A., & Yıldız, İ. (2020). Personel daire başkanlığı yıllık faaliyet raporu 2020. Retrieved from https://panel.gelisim.edu.tr/assets/2021/dokumanlar/pdb/PDB%202020%20YILI%20FAAL%C4%B0YET%20RAPORU-PDF-BASKIYA%20G%C4%B0DEN_640df4e115e5428ebb9ea6554f7216ef.pdf
• Toohey, P. (2016). Edebiyatta, sanatta ve popüler kültürde kıskançlık. [Jealousy] (B. Kovulmaz, Trans.). (1th ed.). İstanbul: Doğan Kitap.
• Utz, S., & Muscanell, N. L. (2018). Your co-author received 150 citations: Pride, but not envy, mediates the effect of system-generated achievement messages on motivation. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 628.
• Uysal, İ. (2013). Akademisyenlerin genel öz-yeterlik inançları: AİBÜ Eğitim Fakültesi Örneği. Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(2), 144–151.
• Van de Ven, N. (2016). Envy and Its Consequences: Why it is useful to distinguish between benign and malicious envy. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 10(6), 337–349. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12253
• Vecchio, R. P. (2000). Negative emotion in the workplace. International Journal of Stress Management, 7(3), 161–179. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009592430712
• Wang, D., Gan, C., Wu, C., & Wang, D. (2015). Ethical leadership and employee voice: Employee self-efficacy and self-impact as mediators. Psychological Reports: Employment Psychology & Marketing, 116(3), 751-767.
• Watt Smith, T. (2018). Duygular sözlüğü ‘’acıma’’dan ‘’zevklenme’’ye [The Book of Human Emotions: From Ambiguphobia to Umpty] (H. Şirin, Trans.). (1th ed.). İstanbul: Kolektif Kitap.
• Watt Smith, T. (2020). Schadenfreude: başkasının talihsizliğinden duyulan keyif [Schadenfreude: The Joy of Another's Misfortune] (N. Bingöl, Trans.). (1th ed.). İstanbul: Kolektif Kitap.
• Wu, J. & Srite, M. (2021). Envy on Social Media: The good, the bad and the ugly. International Journal Of Information Management, 56, 1-16, 102255.
• Yimer, I., Nega, R., & Ganfure, G. (2017). Academic staff turnover intention in Madda Walabu University, Bale Zone, South-East Ethiopia. International Journal of Higher Education, 6(3), 21-28.
• Yusainy, C., Hikmiah, Z., Sofhieanty, C., & Ibrahim, M. (2018). Deception in negotiation: the predicting roles of envy and ındividual differences. Anima Indonesian Psychological Journal, 33(4), 203–212.