Research Article
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Year 2023, Volume: 52 Issue: 1, 67 - 85, 30.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/ibr.2023.52.806695

Abstract

References

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  • 50, 179-211.
  • Allen, R.I., Lambert, E.G., Pasupuleti, S., Cluse-Tolar, T., Ventura, L.A. (2004). The impact of job characte- ristics on social and human service workers, Social Work & Society, 2, 173-188.
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  • Asgharian, R., Yusoff, R., Mazhari, M.Y., Mardani, A., Soltan, E.K.H. (2013). Examining the effect of work- place friendships and job embeddedness on turnover intention (The case of Mashhad as a tourist destina- tion in Iran), International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 2, 17-25.
  • Ashforth, B.E. (1985). Climate formation: Issues and extensions, The Academy of Management Review, 10, 837-847.
  • Bagozzi, R.P. (1983). A holistic methodology for modeling consumer response to innovation, Operations Research, 31, 128-176.
  • Bennett, J.B. (2004). Social climate research. In W.E. Craighead & C.B. Nemeroff (Eds.), The concise Corsi- ni encyclopedia of psychology and behavioral science (pp. 906-910). Hoboken: New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Björkqvist, K., Österman, K., Hjeit-Bäck, M. (1994). Aggression among university employees, Aggressive Behavior, 20, 173-184.
  • Blau, G. (1989). Testing the generalizability of a career commitment measure and its impact on employee turnover, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 35, 88-103.
  • Booker, K. (2016). Connection and commitment: How sense of belonging and classroom community influ- ence degree persistence for African American undergraduate women, International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 28, 218-229.
  • Boyd, N.G., Taylor, R.R. (1998). A developmental approach to the examination of friendship in leader-follo- wer relationships, The Leadership Quarterly, 9, 1-25.
  • Bryson, A., MacKerron, G. (2015). Are you happy while you work? The Economic Journal, 127(599), 106– 125.
  • Bruhn, J. (2009). The group effect: Social cohesion and health outcomes. USA: Springer Science+Business Media.
  • Cascio, W.F. (2015). Industrial–organizational psychology: Science and practice. In J.D. Wright (Eds.) Inter- national encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences (2nd Edition) (pp. 879-884). Oxford: Elsevier.
  • Chadsey, J., Beyer, S. (2001). Social relationships in the workplace, Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews, 7, 128–133.
  • Chiaburu, D.S., Harrison, D.A. (2008). Do peers make the place? Conceptual synthesis and meta-analysis of coworker effects on perceptions, attitudes, OCBs, and performance, Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(5), 1082–1103.
  • Cockshaw, W.D., Shochet, I. (2010). The link between belongingness and depressive symptoms: An explora- tion in the workplace interpersonal context, Australian Psychologist, 45, 283–289.
  • Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S.G., Aiken, L.S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis in the behavioral sciences (3rd Edition). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Collins, C., Smith, K. (2006). Knowledge exchange and combination: The role of human resource practices in the performance of high-technology firms, Academy of Management Journal, 49, 544-560.
  • Çetin, M. (2009). Çalışanların mizah tarzlarının işe ilişkin duygusal iyilik algıları üzerine etkisi ve sosyal iklimin bu ilişki üzerindeki şartlı değişken rolü. T.C. Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Unpublished Master Thesis.
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  • D’abate, C.P., Eddy, E.R. (2007). Engaging in personal business on the job: Extending the presenteeism construct, Human Resource Development Quarterly, 18, 361-383.
  • Drucker, P. (2007). Management: Tasks, responsibilities, practices. New York: Truman Talley Books.
  • Estlund, C. (2003). Working together: How workplace bonds strengthen a diverse democracy. Oxford: Ox- ford University Press.
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  • Flarey, D.L. (1993). The social climate of work environments, Journal of Nursing Administration, 23, 9-15. Forck, M. (2011). The role of friendship in leadership, Professional Safety, 56, 71-72.
  • Forehand, G.A., von Haller Gilmer, B. (1964). Environmental variation in studies of organizational behavior, Psychological Bulletin, 62, 361-382.
  • Fritz, J. H. (1997). Men’s and women’s organizational peer relationships: A comparison, The Journal of Business Communication, 34, 27-46.
  • George, J. M., Jones, G.R. (1996). The experience of work and turnover intentions: Interactive value attain- ment, job satisfaction, and positive mood, Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 318-325.
  • Giacalone, R.A., Jurkiewicz, C.L. (2010). Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational perfor- mance. New York: M.E. Sharpe.
  • Global Talent Trends Study (2018). Unlocking growth in the human age. Mercer.
  • Gruneberg, M.M. (1979). Understanding job satisfaction. London: The Macmillan Press Ltd.
  • Gustafson, P. (2001). Meanings of place: Everyday experience and theoretical conceptualizations, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21, 5-16.
  • Hagerty, B.M.K., Lynch-Sauer, J., Patusky, K.L., Bouwsema, M., Peggy Collier, P. (1992). Sense of belon- ging: A vital mental health concept, Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 6, 172-177.
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  • Hurtado, S., Carter, D.F. (1997). Effects of college transition and perceptions of the campus racial climate on Latino college students’ sense of belonging, Sociology of Education, 70, 324-345.
  • Jaitli, R., Hua, Y. (2013). Measuring sense of belonging among employees working at a corporate campus: Implication for workplace planning and management, Journal of Corporate Real Estate, 15, 117-135
  • Josh, J. (2016, May 27). Why human resource management is important for banks? Retrieved at https://www. jagranjosh.com/articles/why-human-resource-management-is-important-for-banks-1464354319-1
  • Juvonen, J. (2006). Sense of belonging, social relationships, and school functioning. In P. A. Alexander & P.
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  • Lambert, N. M., Stillman, T. F., Hicks, J. A., Kamble, S., Baumeister, R. F., Fincham, F. D. (2013). To belong is to matter: Sense of belonging enhances meaning in life, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(11), 1418–1427.
  • Lampinen, M., Konu, A.I., Kettunen, T., Suutala, E.A. (2018). Factors that foster or prevent sense of belon- ging among social and health care managers, Leadership in Health Services, 31(4), 468-480.
  • Lane, I.M., Mathews R.C., Prestholdt P.H. (1990). Educational background, marital status, moral obligation, and the nurse’s decision to resign from her hospital, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20, 1432-1443.
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  • Libbey, H.P. (2004). Measuring student relationships to school: Attachment, bonding, connectedness, and engagement, Journal of School Health, 74(7), 274–283.
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Retaining Employees through Organizational Social Climate, Sense of Belonging and Workplace Friendship: A Research in the Financial Sector

Year 2023, Volume: 52 Issue: 1, 67 - 85, 30.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/ibr.2023.52.806695

Abstract

This paper examined the impact of organizational social climate on employees’ sense of belonging, its impact on employees’ intention to leave as well as the moderating effect of workplace friendships on this relationship. Using a convenient sampling method on financial sector employees working in Istanbul, Turkey, a survey was conducted. A total of 403 employees were surveyed. The findings of this study revealed that organizational social climate is positively associated with sense of belonging, while organizational social climate, sense of belonging and workplace friendship are negatively associated with intention to leave the organization. According to the findings, the workplace friendship moderates the relationship between sense of belonging and intention to leave. This paper demonstrated that social interactions in the workplace play a vitally important role in employees’ intentions to leave the organization. This contributes to conceptual understanding of the job embeddedness theory, which suggests that the relationships are one of the key factors that keep individuals in organizations. This paper highlighted the potential for employee turnover to directly / indirectly arise from the employees’ sense of belonging, social climate and workplace friendships acquired in the organization.

References

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  • 50, 179-211.
  • Allen, R.I., Lambert, E.G., Pasupuleti, S., Cluse-Tolar, T., Ventura, L.A. (2004). The impact of job characte- ristics on social and human service workers, Social Work & Society, 2, 173-188.
  • Anderson, C.S. (1982). The search for school climate: A review of the research, Review of Educational Re- search, 52, 368-420.
  • Asgharian, R., Yusoff, R., Mazhari, M.Y., Mardani, A., Soltan, E.K.H. (2013). Examining the effect of work- place friendships and job embeddedness on turnover intention (The case of Mashhad as a tourist destina- tion in Iran), International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 2, 17-25.
  • Ashforth, B.E. (1985). Climate formation: Issues and extensions, The Academy of Management Review, 10, 837-847.
  • Bagozzi, R.P. (1983). A holistic methodology for modeling consumer response to innovation, Operations Research, 31, 128-176.
  • Bennett, J.B. (2004). Social climate research. In W.E. Craighead & C.B. Nemeroff (Eds.), The concise Corsi- ni encyclopedia of psychology and behavioral science (pp. 906-910). Hoboken: New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Björkqvist, K., Österman, K., Hjeit-Bäck, M. (1994). Aggression among university employees, Aggressive Behavior, 20, 173-184.
  • Blau, G. (1989). Testing the generalizability of a career commitment measure and its impact on employee turnover, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 35, 88-103.
  • Booker, K. (2016). Connection and commitment: How sense of belonging and classroom community influ- ence degree persistence for African American undergraduate women, International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 28, 218-229.
  • Boyd, N.G., Taylor, R.R. (1998). A developmental approach to the examination of friendship in leader-follo- wer relationships, The Leadership Quarterly, 9, 1-25.
  • Bryson, A., MacKerron, G. (2015). Are you happy while you work? The Economic Journal, 127(599), 106– 125.
  • Bruhn, J. (2009). The group effect: Social cohesion and health outcomes. USA: Springer Science+Business Media.
  • Cascio, W.F. (2015). Industrial–organizational psychology: Science and practice. In J.D. Wright (Eds.) Inter- national encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences (2nd Edition) (pp. 879-884). Oxford: Elsevier.
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  • Chiaburu, D.S., Harrison, D.A. (2008). Do peers make the place? Conceptual synthesis and meta-analysis of coworker effects on perceptions, attitudes, OCBs, and performance, Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(5), 1082–1103.
  • Cockshaw, W.D., Shochet, I. (2010). The link between belongingness and depressive symptoms: An explora- tion in the workplace interpersonal context, Australian Psychologist, 45, 283–289.
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  • Çetin, M. (2009). Çalışanların mizah tarzlarının işe ilişkin duygusal iyilik algıları üzerine etkisi ve sosyal iklimin bu ilişki üzerindeki şartlı değişken rolü. T.C. Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Unpublished Master Thesis.
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  • Drucker, P. (2007). Management: Tasks, responsibilities, practices. New York: Truman Talley Books.
  • Estlund, C. (2003). Working together: How workplace bonds strengthen a diverse democracy. Oxford: Ox- ford University Press.
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  • Flarey, D.L. (1993). The social climate of work environments, Journal of Nursing Administration, 23, 9-15. Forck, M. (2011). The role of friendship in leadership, Professional Safety, 56, 71-72.
  • Forehand, G.A., von Haller Gilmer, B. (1964). Environmental variation in studies of organizational behavior, Psychological Bulletin, 62, 361-382.
  • Fritz, J. H. (1997). Men’s and women’s organizational peer relationships: A comparison, The Journal of Business Communication, 34, 27-46.
  • George, J. M., Jones, G.R. (1996). The experience of work and turnover intentions: Interactive value attain- ment, job satisfaction, and positive mood, Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 318-325.
  • Giacalone, R.A., Jurkiewicz, C.L. (2010). Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational perfor- mance. New York: M.E. Sharpe.
  • Global Talent Trends Study (2018). Unlocking growth in the human age. Mercer.
  • Gruneberg, M.M. (1979). Understanding job satisfaction. London: The Macmillan Press Ltd.
  • Gustafson, P. (2001). Meanings of place: Everyday experience and theoretical conceptualizations, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21, 5-16.
  • Hagerty, B.M.K., Lynch-Sauer, J., Patusky, K.L., Bouwsema, M., Peggy Collier, P. (1992). Sense of belon- ging: A vital mental health concept, Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 6, 172-177.
  • Hair, J. F. Jr., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., Black, W. C. (1995). Multivariate data analysis. (3rd Edition) New York: Macmillan.
  • Hurtado, S., Carter, D.F. (1997). Effects of college transition and perceptions of the campus racial climate on Latino college students’ sense of belonging, Sociology of Education, 70, 324-345.
  • Jaitli, R., Hua, Y. (2013). Measuring sense of belonging among employees working at a corporate campus: Implication for workplace planning and management, Journal of Corporate Real Estate, 15, 117-135
  • Josh, J. (2016, May 27). Why human resource management is important for banks? Retrieved at https://www. jagranjosh.com/articles/why-human-resource-management-is-important-for-banks-1464354319-1
  • Juvonen, J. (2006). Sense of belonging, social relationships, and school functioning. In P. A. Alexander & P.
  • H. Winne (Eds.), Handbook of educational psychology, (2nd Edition) (pp. 255-674). Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ.
  • Lambert, N. M., Stillman, T. F., Hicks, J. A., Kamble, S., Baumeister, R. F., Fincham, F. D. (2013). To belong is to matter: Sense of belonging enhances meaning in life, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(11), 1418–1427.
  • Lampinen, M., Konu, A.I., Kettunen, T., Suutala, E.A. (2018). Factors that foster or prevent sense of belon- ging among social and health care managers, Leadership in Health Services, 31(4), 468-480.
  • Lane, I.M., Mathews R.C., Prestholdt P.H. (1990). Educational background, marital status, moral obligation, and the nurse’s decision to resign from her hospital, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20, 1432-1443.
  • Lee, T.W., Mowday, R.T. (1987). Voluntarily leaving an organization: An empirical investigation of Steers and Mowday’s model of turnover, The Academy of Management Journal, 30, 721-743.
  • Leiter, M. (2013). Analyzing and theorizing the dynamics of the workplace incivility crisis. Dordrecht: Sprin- ger.
  • Levett-Jones, T., Lathlean, J. (2008). Belongingness: A prerequisite for nursing students clinical learning, Nurse Education in Practice, 8(2), 103–111.
  • Libbey, H.P. (2004). Measuring student relationships to school: Attachment, bonding, connectedness, and engagement, Journal of School Health, 74(7), 274–283.
  • Litwin, G., Stringer, R.A. (1968). Motivation and organizational climate. Cambridge, Ma: Harvard Univer- sity Press.
  • Mao, H., Hsieh, A., Chen, C. (2012). The relationship between workplace friendship and perceived job sig- nificance, Journal of Management & Organization, 18(2), 247–262.
  • Marks, S. R. (1994). Intimacy in the public realm: The case of co-workers, Social Forces, 72, 843–858. Maslow, A. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper.
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  • Meyer, J. P., Allen, N.J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment, Human Resource Management Review, 1, 61–89.
  • Michaels. C.E., Spector, P.E. (1982). Causes of employee turnover: A Test of the Mobley, Griffeth, Hand, and Meglino model, Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 53-59.
  • Mitchell, T.R., Holtom, B.C., Lee, T.W. (2001). How to keep your best employees: Developing an effective retention policy, Academy of Management Executive, 15, 96-108.
  • Mitchell, T.R., Holtom, B.C., Lee, T.W., Sablynski, C.J., Erez, M. (2001). Why people stay: Using job em- beddedness to predict voluntary turnover, Academy of Management Journal, 44, 1102-1121.
  • Mobley, W.H. (1977). Intermediate linkages in the relationship between job satisfaction and employee turnover, Journal of Applied Psychology, 62, 237-240.
  • Mobley, W.H., Horner, S.O., Hollingsworth, A.T. (1978). An evaluation of precursors of hospital employee turnover, Journal of Applied Psychology, 63, 408-414.
  • Moos, R.H. (1997). Evaluating treatment environments: The quality of psychiatric and substance abuse programs. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
  • Moos, R.H., Holahan, C.J. (2004). Social climate. In R. Ferna´ndez-Ballesteros (Ed.), Encyclopedia of psychological assessment (888-894). London: Sage Publications.
  • Morrison, R.L. (2004). Informal relationships in the workplace: Associations with job satisfaction, organiza- tional commitment and turnover decisions, New Zealand Psychological Society, 33, 114-128.
  • Mossholder, K.W., Settoon, R.P., Henagan, S.C. (2005) A relational perspective on turnover: Examining structural, attitudinal, and behavioral predictors, Academy of Management Journal, 48, 607–618.
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There are 96 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Elif Bilginoğlu 0000-0003-1481-0170

Uğur Yozgat 0000-0001-9893-3551

Publication Date May 30, 2023
Submission Date October 6, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 52 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Bilginoğlu, E., & Yozgat, U. (2023). Retaining Employees through Organizational Social Climate, Sense of Belonging and Workplace Friendship: A Research in the Financial Sector. Istanbul Business Research, 52(1), 67-85. https://doi.org/10.26650/ibr.2023.52.806695

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