Tracing the Alteration at Sarajevo: Historical Development of Sarajevo and Evaluation of Recovery Process after 1992-95 War

Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 34, 1722 - 1756, 31.12.2021

Bilal Bilgili , Gülsün Tanyeli

https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.959015

Abstract

Bosnia and Herzegovina is located in the South-Eastern of Europe and the west of the Balkans. The country was one of the former Yugoslavia’s federated states and gained independence in 1991. The capital Sarajevo is one of the significant centres of Bosnia and Hercegovina where political and social alteration in the 20th century can be observed. Historical diversity was reflected in the urban landscape of Sarajevo, known as the Jerusalem of Europe. The regions of the city that developed linearly in the Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian and Yugoslavian Periods were built in different architectural styles depending on the administrations, ideologies, population, social life, and environmental planning works. Sarajevo's urban areas were deliberately destroyed during the 1992-1995 Bosnia and Herzegovina War. The tangible and intangible cultural values of the city were damaged. The physical and social layers of Sarajevo experienced planned and unplanned changes in the post-war recovery period. Within the scope of this study, the urban development of Sarajevo was examined historically. The reflections of the political, ideological, sociological, and economic alterations following the wars and administrative changes in the city were investigated. The post-war recovery process of Sarajevo and the interventions in the urban area were examined. Socio-cultural and spatial changes during and the post-war period were evaluated.

Keywords

Sarajevo, war, recovery, urban landscape, cultural heritage

Saraybosna’da Değişimin İzini Sürmek: Saraybosna’nın Tarihsel Gelişimi ve 1992-95 Savaşı Sonrası İyileşme Sürecinin Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bosna-Hersek Güney-Doğu Avrupa’da, Balkanların batısında yer almaktadır. Yugoslavya’yı oluşturan federe cumhuriyetlerden biriyken 1991 yılında bağımsızlığını ilan etmiştir. Başkent Saraybosna, Bosna-Hersek’in 20. yüzyıldaki politik ve toplumsal değişiminin gözlemlenebildiği önemli merkezlerden biridir. Tarihsel çeşitlilik Avrupa’nın Kudüs’ü olarak bilinen Saraybosna’da kentsel peyzaja yansımıştır. Saraybosna’nın Osmanlı, Avusturya-Macaristan ve Yugoslavya Dönemlerinde lineer olarak gelişen bölgeleri yönetimlere, ideolojilere, nüfusa, sosyal yaşama, çevre planlama çalışmalarına bağlı olarak farklı mimari karakterlerde yapılanmıştır. 1992-1995 Bosna-Hersek Savaşı sırasında Saraybosna’nın kentsel alanları bilinçli bir şekilde tahrip edilmiştir. Kentin somut ve somut olmayan kültürel değerleri zarar görmüştür. Savaşın ardından başlayan iyileşme sürecinde kentin fiziksel ve sosyal katmanları planlı ve plansız değişime uğramıştır. Bu çalışma kapsamında Saraybosna’nın kentsel gelişimi tarihsel olarak incelenmiştir. Savaşları ve yönetim değişikliklerini takip eden politik, ideolojik, sosyolojik ve ekonomik değişimlerin kente yansımaları araştırılmıştır. Saraybosna’nın savaş sonrası iyileşme süreci ve kentsel alandaki müdahaleler incelenmiştir. Bosna-Hersek Savaşı (1992-95) ve savaş sonrası dönemde sosyo-kültürel ve mekânsal değişim değerlendirilmiştir.

Keywords

Saraybosna, Savaş, Değişim, Kentsel Peyzaj, Kültürel Miras.

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