<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="reviewer-report"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>igusabder</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2536-4499</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2602-2605</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>İstanbul Gelisim University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.38079/igusabder.1141581</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Clinical Sciences</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Klinik Tıp Bilimleri</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Instrument Assisted Chiropractic Spinal Manipulation Application</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Enstrüman Destekli Kayropraktik Spinal Manipülasyon Uygulaması: Literatür Tarama</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1182-6161</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Pehlivanoğlu</surname>
                                    <given-names>Berkay Eren</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>BAHÇEŞEHİR ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20230429">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>29</month>
                    <year>2023</year>
                </pub-date>
                                                    <issue>19</issue>
                                        <fpage>302</fpage>
                                        <lpage>313</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20220706">
                        <day>07</day>
                        <month>06</month>
                        <year>2022</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20230228">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>28</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2017, Istanbul Gelisim University Journal of Health Sciences</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2017</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Istanbul Gelisim University Journal of Health Sciences</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Chiropractic practices are based on manipulative practices with a focus on the spine since the chiropractic profession was founded. Many different techniques have developed over time. Therefore, separate branches were formed within the profession. As a result, the profession had to constantly renew itself by remaining dynamic. Almost all of the practices in the chiropractic profession are carried out around certain techniques. However, the experience and professional skills of the clinician play the main role during the application of almost all techniques. As a result of all these, some questions arise about the success rate of applications and standardization. At this point, it has become necessary to develop some devices in order to perform chiropractic practices at certain standards. The main purpose of Instrument Assisted Chiropractic Spinal Manipulation Practices; regardless of the clinician&#039;s experience and skills, it is to apply a push to the patient at a standard rate and strength. It is common among clinicians to think that when standardization is achieved, complications that may occur during practice will also decrease. Devices produced around this main idea by different brands are currently being sold. Although all these devices have differences, they are all produced around the above-mentioned purpose and presented to clinicians. There is a movable part in the head part of all devices. There are various mechanisms inside the devices that serve to store energy. And they can convert this energy into motion energy in a controlled manner in the head. In these systems, there are systems where a spring is compressed, electromagnetic energy is stored and released suddenly, or similar mechanisms are used. High-velocity low-amplitude controlled hits are performed. This allows the practitioner to apply a predetermined force on the spine in a certain direction. The main purpose of this article is to inform clinicians about Instrument Assisted Chiropractic Spinal Manipulation Applications and to shed light on one of the lesser known spinal manipulation techniques.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Kayropraktik uygulamalar, kayropraktik mesleği kurulduğundan beri özellikle omurga üzerine odaklanarak gerçekleştirilen manipülatif uygulamalardan temel alır. Zaman içerisinde pek çok farklı tekniğin gelişerek meslek içerisinde ayrı kollar oluşturması mesleğin sürekli dinamik kalarak kendini yenilemesi zorunluluğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bununla birlikte uygulamaların hemen hepsi belli başlı teknikler etrafında gerçekleştirilmektedir. Ancak aynı şekilde hemen hemen tüm tekniklerin uygulanması esnasında klinisyenin deneyimi ve mesleki becerisi ana rol üstlenmektedir. Bu da uygulamaların başarı oranı ve standardizasyon hakkında bazı soruları akıllara getirmektedir. İşte bu noktada kayropraktik uygulamaların belirli standartlarda gerçekleştirilebilmesi adına bazı cihazların geliştirilmesi gerekliliği ortaya çıkmıştır. Enstrüman Destekli Kayropraktik Spinal Manipülasyon Uygulamalarının odak noktası; belirli bir hızda ve belirli bir kuvvette vuruşu standart hale getiren cihazların klinisyenin deneyim ve becerisine olan ihtiyacı azaltarak hastaya uygulama yapılabilmesini olası hale getirmektir. Uygulama esnasında ortaya çıkabilecek komplikasyonların da standardizasyonun sağlanması ile elimine edilebileceği düşüncesi klinisyenler arasında yaygın olarak hâkimdir. Farklı markalar tarafından bu ana fikir etrafında üretilen cihazlar şuan hali hazırda satışa sunulmuş durumdadır. Tüm bu cihazların farklılıkları olsa da hepsi yukarıda bahsedilen amaç etrafında üretilerek klinisyenlere sunulmaktadır. Bahsedilen cihazların tümü başlık kısmında belirli bir salınım aralığı olan ve içerisindeki çeşitli enerji depolamaya yarayan mekanizmaların depoladıkları enerjiyi başlıkta hareket enerjisine dönüştüren kontrollü sistemlerden oluşmaktadır. Bu sistemlerde bir yayın sıkıştırılması, elektromanyetik enerjinin depolanarak aniden serbest bırakılması veya benzer mekanizmaların kullanıldığı sistemler yüksek hızlı düşük şiddetli kontrollü vuruşlar gerçekleştirebilmektedir. Bu da uygulayıcının belirli bir doğrultuda daha önceden belirlediği bir kuvveti omurga üzerine uygulamasına olanak tanımaktadır. Bu derlemenin ana amacı; Enstrüman Destekli Kayropraktik Spinal Manipülasyon Uygulamaları hakkında klinisyenlere bilgi vererek çok bilinmeyen omurga manipülasyon tekniklerinden birine ışık tutmaktır.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Kayropraktik</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  kas-iskelet manipülasyonları</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  spinal manipülasyon</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Chiropractic</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  musculoskeletal manipulations</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  spinal manipulation</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bergmann TF, Peterson DH.  Chiropractic Technique: Principles and Procedures. Elsevier/Mosby; 2011</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">World Health Organization. WHO guidelines on basic training and safety in chiropractic. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/43352. Yayınlanma tarihi Ocak 2005. Erişim tarihi 10 Mayıs 2022.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Pehlivanoğlu BE, Hatik SH. The Status of Chiropractic Profession in Republic Of Turkey. In: 4th International New York Conference On Evolving Trends In Interdisciplinary Research &amp; Practices; May 2-4, 2021; Manhattan, New York City. Abstract 33.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Maigne R. Personal Method: The Rule Of No Pain And Free Movement. In Orthopedic Medicine: A New Approach To Vertebral Manipulations. Springfield, IL, 1972.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Wood KW. Acute torticollis: Chiropractic therapy and management. Chiro Tech. 3:3,1991.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hammond B. Torticollis. Eur J Chiro. 31(3):162,1983.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">LaPelusa A, Bordoni B. High Velocity Low Amplitude Manipulation Techniques. StatPearls Publishing. 2022.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Herzog W. The biomechanics of spinal manipulation. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2010;14(3):280-286.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Haldemann, S. Principles And Practice Of Chiropractic. Third edition. ABD: McGraw-Hill. 2005.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Redwood D, Cleveland C.S. Fundamentals of Chiropractic-e-book. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2003.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Fuhr AW. The Activator Method. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2008.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Activator Method Officeal Web Site.  https://www.activator.com/ Erişim Tarihi: 05.07.2022</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Jtech officeal web site. https://www.jtechmedical.com/products/adjusting-tools Erişim tarihi: 05.07.2022</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Colloca C, Keller T, Black P, Normand M, Harrison D. Comparison of mechanical force of manually assisted chiropractic adjusting instruments. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 2005;28:414-22.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">The Activator V User Manual Technical Specifications. 2012.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Duell ML. The force of the Activator adjusting instrument. Dig Chiropr Econ. 1984;27:17-19.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gemmett H, Miller P. Relative effectiveness and adverse effects of cervical manipulation, mobilization and the activator instrument in patients with sub-acute non-specific neck pain: results from a stopped randomized trial. Chiropr Osteopat. 2010;9(1):18:20.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Carey PF. Cerebral vascular accidents: A report on the occurrences and the incidence in a 5.  year period in Canada. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 1995;39(2):94–95.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Huang M, Barber SM, Moisi M. et al. Cervical epidural hematoma after chiropractic spinal manipulation therapy in a patient with an undiagnosed cervical spinal arteriovenous malformation. Cureus. 2015;7(8):e307.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Jones J, Jones C, Nugent K. Vertebral artery dissection after a chiropractor neck manipulation. Proc Bayl Univ Med Cent. 2015;28(1):88–90.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hurwitz EL, Morgenstern H, Vassilaki M, Chiang LM. Frequency and clinical predictors of adverse reactions to chiropractic care in the UCLA neck pain study. Spine. 2005;30(13):1477–1484.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Klougart N, Leboeuf-Yde C, Rasmussen LR. Safety in chiropractic practice. Part II: Treatment to the upper neck and the rate of cerebrovascular incidents. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1996;19(9):563–569.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cohen FL. Cerebral hemorrhage following chiropractic activator treatment - case report and review of literature. J Neurol Surg Rep. 2016;77(4):e162-e167. doi:10.1055/s-0036-1597626.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Activator methods, the rise and new status of instrument adjusting 28(3), May 2014, 1–8.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sutcliffe P, Clar C, Tsertsvadze A, et al. Clinical And Cost-Effectiveness of Manual Therapy For The Management of A Variety of Musculoskeletal And Non-Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Systematic Review And Narrative Synthesis. Coventry, UK: Warwick Medical School; 2013.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Haynes-hazion LM. Contraindications To Chiropractic Manipulation With Specific Technique Alternatives. Phoenix, AZ, K &amp; M Printing, 1995</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yates RG, Lamping DL, Abram NL, Wright C. Effects of chiropractic treatment on blood pressure and anxiety: a randomized, controlled trial. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 1988;11(6):484-488.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Osterbauer PJ, De Boer KF, Widmaier R, Petermann E, Fuhr AW. Treatment and biomechanical assessment of patients with chronic sacroiliac joint syndrome. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutic. 1993;16(2):82-90.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gemmell HA, Jacobson BH. The immediate effect of activator vs. meric adjustment on acute low back pain: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 1995;18(7):453-456.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yurkiw D, Mior S. Comparison of two chiropractic techniques on pain and lateral flexion in neck pain patients: A pilot study. Chiropractic Technique. 1996;8:155–162.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Wood TG, Colloca CJ, Matthews R. A pilot randomized clinical trial on the relative effect of instrumental (MFMA) versus manual (HVLA) manipulation in the treatment of cervical spine dysfunction. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 2001;24(4):260-271.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">DeVocht JW, Long CR, Zeitler DL, Schaeffer W. Chiropractic treatment of temporomandibular disorders using the activator adjusting instrument: a prospective case series. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 2003;26(7):421-425.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Shearar KA, Colloca CJ, White HL. A randomized clinical trial of manual versus mechanical force manipulation in the treatment of sacroiliac joint syndrome. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 2005;28(7):493-501.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Blikstad A, Gemmell H. Immediate effect of activator trigger point therapy and myofascial band therapy on non-specific neck pain in patients with upper trapezius trigger points compared to sham ultrasound: A randomised controlled trial. Clinical Chiropractic. 2008;11(1):23-29.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gorrell LM, Beath K, Engel RM. Manual and instrument applied cervical manipulation for mechanical neck pain: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutic. 2016;39(5):319-329.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Schneider M, Haas M, Glick R, Stevans J, Landsittel D. A comparison of spinal manipulation methods and usual medical care for acute and Subacute low back pain: A randomized clinical trial. Spine. 2015;40(4):209.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
