Profesyonel Sporcularda Diyet Kalitesi ve Vücut Kompozisyonunun Uyku Kalitesi ile İlişkisi: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Abstract

Amaç: Uyku kalitesi, elit sporlarda iyileşme ve performans için hayati öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışma, biyolojik ritimler bağlamında profesyonel sporcularda vücut kompozisyonu, beslenme kalitesi ve uyku kalitesi arasındaki ilişkileri araştırmıştır.

Yöntem: 89 profesyonel sporcunun (futbol, ​​voleybol, basketbol) katıldığı bu kesitsel çalışmada, vücut kompozisyonu Jackson-Pollock 7 bölgeli deri kıvrımı yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir. Beslenme kalitesi ve uyku kalitesi sırasıyla Sağlıklı Beslenme Endeksi-2015 (HEI-2015) ve Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi Endeksi (PSQI) kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. İstatistiksel güç (1-β) 0,99'dur.

Bulgular: Sporcuların çoğu (%83,2) orta düzeyde beslenme kalitesine sahipken, %94,4'ü iyi uyku kalitesine sahip olduğunu bildirmiştir. Genel beslenme kalitesi ile uyku kalitesi arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır (p=0,723). Bununla birlikte, uyku kalitesi düşük olan sporcuların vücut yağ yüzdeleri anlamlı derecede daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p=0,003). Diyet kalitesi, antrenman süresi ve beslenme bilgisi (p<0,05) ile anlamlı derecede farklılık göstermiştir. Uyku kalitesi, sigara içme ve uyku destekleyici takviye kullanımı ile anlamlı derecede ilişkili olarak bulunmuştur (p<0,05). PSQI puanları ile vücut yağ yüzdesi arasında zayıf ancak anlamlı pozitif bir korelasyon gösterilmiştir (r=0,293, p<0,05).

Sonuç: Genel olarak diyet kalitesi profesyonel sporcularda uyku kalitesi ile doğrudan ilişkili bulunmamıştır. Bununla birlikte, uyku kalitesi; vücut yağ yüzdesi ile bazı antrenman ve yaşam tarzı özellikleriyle anlamlı düzeyde ilişkili bulunmuştur. Bu bulgular, elit sporcularda performansın ve toparlanmanın optimize edilmesine yönelik müdahalelerde, beslenme yaklaşımının yanı sıra uyku kalitesi ve vücut kompozisyonunun birlikte değerlendirilmesinin önemini ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

• Diyet kalitesi
• vücut kompozisyonu
• profesyonel sporcular
• uyku kalitesi

Supporting Institution

Bu araştırma, kamu, ticari veya kar amacı gütmeyen sektörlerdeki fon sağlayıcı kurumlardan herhangi bir özel araştırma desteği (hibe) almamıştır.

Ethical Statement

Çalışma için etik onay, İzmir Tınaztepe Üniversitesi Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu'ndan alınmıştır (16/11/2023–2023/30). Veri toplama işleminden önce tüm katılımcılardan yazılı bilgilendirilmiş onam formu alınmıştır.

Thanks

Bu çalışma, İzmir Tınaztepe Üniversitesi'nde M.Y. danışmanlığında G.S.P. tarafından yürütülen yüksek lisans tezinden türetilmiştir. Yazarlar, bu çalışmaya katılan sporculara ve teknik ekibe zaman ayırdıkları ve iş birlikleri için teşekkürlerini sunarlar

Associations of Diet Quality and Body Composition with Sleep Quality in Professional Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Aim: Sleep quality is vital for recovery and performance in elite sports. This study investigated the associations between body composition, diet quality, and sleep quality in professional athletes within the context of biological rhythms.

Method: In this cross-sectional study of 89 professional athletes (football, volleyball, basketball), body composition was determined via the Jackson-Pollock 7-site skinfold method. Diet quality and sleep quality were assessed using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively.

Results: Most athletes (83.2%) had moderate diet quality and 94.4% reported good sleep quality. No significant association was found between overall diet quality and sleep quality (p=0.723). However, athletes with poor sleep quality had significantly higher body fat percentages (p=0.003). Diet quality significantly differed by training duration (p<0.05) and nutrition knowledge (p=0.034). Sleep quality was significantly associated with smoking and sleep-support supplement use (p<0.05). A weak but significant positive correlation existed between PSQI scores and body fat percentage (r=0.293, p<0.05).

Conclusion: Overall diet quality was not directly associated with sleep quality among professional athletes. However, sleep quality was significantly related to body fat percentage as well as several training and lifestyle characteristics. These findings highlight the importance of addressing sleep quality and body composition together when developing nutrition and lifestyle strategies aimed at improving recovery and performance in elite athletes.

Keywords

• Body composition
• Diet quality
• Professional athletes
• Sleep quality

Supporting Institution

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or non-profit sectors.

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Izmir Tinaztepe University Clinical Research Ethics Committee (16/11/2023–2023/30). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection.

Thanks

This study is derived from the master’s thesis of GSP, conducted under the supervision of MY at Izmir Tinaztepe University in Turkey. The authors would like to express their gratitude to the athletes and coaching staff who participated in this study for their time and cooperation.

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