Aluminum Exposure and Health

Year 2023, Issue: 20, 735 - 747, 09.09.2023

Fatma NİZAMLIOĞLU Mustafa NİZAMLIOĞLU

https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1228435

Abstract

Aluminum is an element that is taken regularly in the daily diet and used as an adjuvant in antiperspirants and vaccines. In this review, information is given about the sources of aluminum, its uptake into the body and its harmful effects on human health. This review is based on publications from the PubMed and SCOPUS databases. Professional and personal experiences of the authors are discussed. Aluminum occurs naturally in the environment, foodstuffs and drinking water. The probability of exceeding the reference values for aluminum is particularly high in people with occupational exposure. Accordingly, aluminum concentrations were found at high levels in the urine of aluminum welders and workers in the aluminum industry. Neuropsychological (attention, learning, and memory) tests on workers, however, revealed no encephalopathy characterized by dementia. Although high aluminum content is found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease, it remains unclear whether this is a cause or effect of the disease. There are conflicting results about the carcinogenicity effect of aluminum. The claim that aluminum-containing antiperspirants promote breast cancer could not be supported by scientific data. The critical adverse effect of aluminum can only be determined by demonstrating neurotoxicity in humans and animals. This includes encephalopathy with dementia syndrome, which is not the same as the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's type dementia. The relationship between aluminum-containing antiperspirants and breast risk can be obtained from large-scale epidemiological cancer studies.

Keywords

Aluminum, exposure, health

Alüminyum Maruziyeti ve Sağlık

Abstract

Alüminyum günlük diyetle düzenli olarak alınan, antiperspirantlarda, aşılarda adjuvan olarak kullanılan bir elementtir. Alüminyumun kaynakları, vücuda alınımı ve insan sağlığı üzerindeki zararlı etkileri hakkında bilgi vermek amacıyla PubMed ve SCOPUS veri tabanlarından elde edilen yayınlara dayanan bu derlemede yazarların mesleki ve kişisel deneyimleri ele alınmıştır. Alüminyum, çevrede, gıda maddelerinde ve içme suyunda doğal olarak bulunur. Alüminyum için referans değerleri aşma olasılığı özellikle mesleki maruziyeti olan kişilerde daha yüksektir. Buna bağlı olarak alüminyum kaynakçıları ve alüminyum endüstrisindeki işçilerin idrarlarında alüminyum konsantrasyonları yüksek seviyelerde bulunmuştur. Ancak, işçiler üzerinde yapılan nöropsiko mantıksal (dikkat, öğrenme, hafıza) testlerinde demansla tezahür eden ensefalopati bulunamamıştır. Alzheimer hastalığı olan kişilerin beyinlerinde yüksek alüminyum içeriği bulunmasına rağmen, bunun hastalığın bir nedeni veya etkisi olup olmadığı belirsizliğini korumaktadır. Alüminyumun kanserojenlik etkisi konusunda da çelişkili sonuçlar vardır. Alüminyum içeren antiperspiranların meme kanserini teşvik ettiği iddiası bilimsel verilerle desteklenememiştir. Alüminyumun kritik yan etkisi ancak insanlarda ve hayvanlarda nörotoksisite gösterilerek belirlenebilir. Buna Alzheimer tipi demansın patofizyolojisi ile aynı olmayan demans sendromlu ensefalopati dahildir. Alüminyum içeren ter önleyiciler ile meme riski arasındaki ilişki, geniş çaplı epidemiyolojik kanser çalışmalarından elde edilebilir.

Keywords

Alüminyum, maruziyet, sağlık

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