Sağlıklı Bireylerde Bitkisel Omega-3 Ürününden Zengin Gıda Tüketiminin Fiziksel Aktivite Durumuna Göre Hematolojik Parametreler ve Total Kolesterol Düzeyleri Üzerine Etkisinin Araştırılması

Year 2024, Issue: 23, 679 - 696, 31.08.2024

Fatih Cesur

Abstract

Amaç: Ceviz tüketiminin sağlık üzerinde olumlu etkileri olduğu bilinmektedir. Cevizin doymamış yağ asitleri ve bitkisel omega-3 yağ asitleri açısından zengin bir besin olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada, ceviz (bitkisel omega-3) tüketiminin fiziksel aktivite düzeyi belli sağlıklı yetişkinlerin hematolojik faktörleri üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır.
Yöntem: Bu çalışmada sağlıklı katılımcılara üç hafta boyunca günde otuz gram ceviz sunulmuştur. Ceviz üç hafta boyunca her sabah aç karnına veya kahvaltı ile birlikte tüketildi. Çalışmanın başında ve sonunda kişilerin kan değerleri ölçülmüştür. Alınan kanlardan rutin kan testinde hematolojik parametreler ölçüldü.
Bulgular: Bitkisel omega-3 üründen zengin bir tüketimin hematolojik faktör düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisi MCH (p=0,001), MCHC (p=0,001) ve LENFOSIT (p=0,001) düzeylerinde anlamlı bir fark oluşturmuştur. HCT düzeylerinde sadece erkek bireylerde anlamlı bir artış olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Diğer hematolojik parametre düzeylerinde anlamlı bir değişiklik gözlenmemiştir. Buna ek olarak aktif bireylerin bitkisel omega-3 tüketiminden sonra TC seviyelerinde düşüş (p=0,023), MONOSITE seviyelerinde artış gözlense de (p=0,027), sedanter bireylerde bu fark görülmemiştir. Diğer taraftan, sedanter bireylerin bitikisel omega-3 tüketiminden sonra LENFOSIT seviyelerinde artış (p=0,016), aktif bireylerde bu fark oluşmamıştır. Ayrıca, karbonhidrat, PUFA ve a-linolenik asit alımında TBSA'ya kıyasla istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark vardı. Bireylerin enerji, kolesterol, tekli doymamış yağ asidi ve doymuş yağ asidi alımlarında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, sağlıklı gönüllülerin diyetine bitkisel omega-3 yağ asitleri ilavesi bazı hematolojik faktörleri etkilemiştir ve vücudu savunan hücrelere karşı uyarıcı bir etkisi olduğu düşünülmektedir. Düzenli fiziksel aktivite yapan bireylere bitkisel omega-3 takviyesi yapıldığında hematolojik faktörler ve kolesterol seviyelerindeki etkisinin daha yüksek olduğu da görülmüştür. Bitkisel omega-3 yağ asitlerinin hematolojik faktörler üzerindeki etkisinin daha fazla araştırılması gerektiğini düşünüyoruz.

Keywords

Ceviz tüketimi, bitkisel omega-3 yağ asitleri, a-linolenik asit, Fiziksel aktivite, hematolojik parametreler

Investigation of the Effect of Herbal Omega-3-Rich Food Consumption on Hematologic Parameters and Total Cholesterol Levels According to Physical Activity Status in Healthy Individuals

Abstract

Objective: It is known that walnut consumption has favorable effects on health. Walnuts are known to be a food rich in unsaturated fatty acids and herbal omega-3 fatty acids. This study investigated the effects of walnut (plant omega-3) consumption on hematologic factors in healthy adults with a certain physical activity level.
Methods: Healthy participants in this study were offered thirty grams of walnuts per day for three weeks. Walnuts were consumed on an empty stomach or with breakfast every morning for three weeks. The blood values of people were measured at the beginning and the end of the study. Hematological parameters were measured in the routine blood test from blood taken.
Results: The effect of a consumption rich in vegetable omega-3 products on hematologic factor levels caused a significant difference in MCH (p=0.001), MCHC (p=0.001) and LENFOSIT (p=0.001) levels. A significant increase in HCT levels was found only in male subjects. No significant changes were observed in other hematologic parameters. In addition, although a decrease in TC levels (p=0.023) and an increase in MONOSITE levels (p=0.027) were observed after consumption of plant omega-3 in active individuals, this difference was not observed in sedentary individuals. On the other hand, sedentary individuals showed an increase in LENFOSITE levels after consumption of plant-based omega-3 (p=0.016), whereas this difference was not observed in active individuals. There was also a statistically significant difference in carbohydrate, PUFA and a-linolenic acid intake compared to TBSA. There were no significant differences in energy, cholesterol, monounsaturated fatty acid and saturated fatty acid intakes.
Conclusion: In this study, the addition of plant omega-3 fatty acids to the diet of healthy volunteers affected some hematologic factors and is thought to have a stimulating effect against cells that defend the body. It was also observed that the effect on hematologic factors and cholesterol levels was higher when plant omega-3 supplements were given to individuals who engaged in regular physical activity. We think that the effect of plant omega-3 fatty acids on hematologic factors should be further investigated.

Keywords

Walnut consumption, herbal omega-3 fatty acids, a-linolenic acid, Physical activity, hematological parameters

References

• 1. Cesur F, Seçkiner S, Kucukerdonmez O, Cagindi O, Saygili LF, Meseri R. Can enzyme-resistant starch snack prevent blood glucose fluctuations? A pilot trial in patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes. Starch/Staerke. 2023;75(9-10). doi: 10.1002/star.202200279.
• 2. Cesur F, Atasever Z, Özoran Y. Impact of vitamin D3 supplementation on COVID-19 vaccine response and immunoglobulin G antibodies in deficient women: A randomized controlled trial. Vaccine. 2023;41(17):2860-2867. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.046.
• 3. Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvadó J, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(25):e34. doi: 10.1056/nejmoa1800389.
• 4. Lattimer JM, Haub MD. Effects of dietary fiber and its components on metabolic health. Nutrients. 2010;2(12):1266–1289. doi:10.3390/nu2121266
• 5. Sala-Vila A, Cofán M, Núñez I, Gilabert R, Junyent M, Ros E. Carotid and femoral plaque burden is inversely associated with the α-linolenic acid proportion of serum phospholipids in Spanish subjects with primary dyslipidemia. Atherosclerosis. 2011;214(1):209-214. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.10.026.
• 6. Cesur F, Cengiz H, Vural H. The Effect of walnut consumption on small dense low-density lipoprotein and other serum lipid parameters in healthy volunteers. Turkiye Klin J Heal Sci. 2022;7(1):11-18. doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2021-81996.
• 7. Perunicic-Pekovic GB, Rasic ZR, Pljesa SI, et al. Effect of n-3 fatty acids on nutritional status and inflammatory markers in haemodialysis patients. Nephrology. 2007;12(4):331-336. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2007.00777.x.
• 8. Kooshki A, Taleban FA, Tabibi H, Hedayati M. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on serum lipids, lipoprotein (a), and hematologic factors in hemodialysis patients. Ren Fail. 2011;33(9):892-898. doi: 10.3109/0886022X.2011.605536.
• 9. Laboratory Hemostasis: A Practical Guide for Pathologists - Sterling T. Bennett, Christopher M. Lehman, George M. Rodgers - Google Kitaplar. Accessed October 25, 2020. https://books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&lr=&id=AOzSBAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&dq=Bennett+ST,+Lehman+CM,+Rodgers+GM.+2nd+ed.+Heidelberg:+Springer%3B+2015.+Laboratory+hemostasis%3B&ots=GNIbQOPEQb&sig=G_TxGQ27opyn3169CyZXkzByHWw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false.
• 10. Hekimsoy Z, Payzin B, Örnek T, Kandogan G. Mean platelet volume in Type 2 diabetic patients. J Diabetes Complications. 2004;18(3):173-176. doi: 10.1016/S1056-8727(02)00282-9.
• 11. Coban E, Bostan F, Ozdogan M. The mean platelet volume in subjects with impaired fasting glucose. Platelets. 2006;17(1):67-69. doi: 10.1080/09537100500220729.
• 12. Batista TR, De Figueiredo RC, Rios DRA. Platelets volume indexes and cardiovascular risk factors. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2018;64(6):554-559. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.64.06.554.
• 13. Tuccinardi D, Farr OM, Upadhyay J, et al. Mechanisms underlying the cardiometabolic protective effect of walnut consumption in obese people: A cross-over, randomized, double-blind, controlled inpatient physiology study. Diabetes, Obes Metab. 2019;21(9):2086-2095. doi: 10.1111/dom.13773.
• 14. Khor BH, Narayanan SS, Sahathevan S, et al. Efficacy of nutritional interventions on inflammatory markers in haemodialysis patients: A systematic review and limited meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2018;10(4). doi: 10.3390/nu10040397.
• 15. Agarwal R, Georgianos P. Feeding during dialysis - risks and uncertainties. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2018;33(6):917-922. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfx195.
• 16. Chauveau P, Aparicio M, Bellizzi V, et al. Mediterranean diet as the diet of choice for patients with chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2018;33(5):725-735. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfx085.
• 17. Tabibi H, Mirfatahi M, Hedayati M, Nasrollahi A. Effects of flaxseed oil on blood hepcidin and hematologic factors in hemodialysis patients. Hemodial Int. 2017;21(4):549-556. doi: 10.1111/hdi.12516.
• 18. Çakmakçi E. Effects of camp term on some hematological parameters in male taekwondoers. Niğde Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilim Derg. 2009;1(3):21-28.
• 19. Şekeroğlu M, Aslan R, Tarakçıoğlu M, Kara M. Sedanter erkeklerde akut ve programlı egzersizin serum apolipoproteinleri ve lipitleri üzerine etkileri. Genel Tıp Derg. 1997;7:5-8.
• 20. Berg A, Johns J, Baumstark M, Kreutz W, Keul J. Changes in HDL subfractions after a single, extended episode of physical exercise. Atherosclerosis. 1983;47(3):231-240. doi: 10.1016/0021-9150(83)90054-0.
• 21. Sučić M, Orešković I. Effect of kinesiologic recreation on plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in fertile women. Metabolism. 1995;44(6):701-704. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(95)90180-9.
• 22. TBSA. Türkiye Beslenme ve Sağlık Araştırması. Journal of Visual Languages & Computing. doi:931.
• 23. Bamberger C, Rossmeier A, Lechner K, et al. A walnut-enriched diet reduces lipids in healthy caucasian subjects, independent of recommended macronutrient replacement and time point of consumption: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Nutrients. 2017;9(10). doi:10.3390/nu9101097.
• 24. Fatahi S, Haghighatdoost F, Larijani B, Azadbakht L. Effect of weight reduction diets containing fish, walnut or fish plus walnut on cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese women. Arch Iran Med. 2019;22(10):574-583.
• 25. Mohammadi-Sartang M, Bellissimo N, Totosy de Zepetnek JO, Bazyar H, Mahmoodi M, Mazloom Z. Effects of walnuts consumption on vascular endothelial function in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2018;28:52-58. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.07.009.
• 26. Herrmann W, Biermann J, Kostner GM. Comparison of effects of N-3 to N-6 fatty acids on serum level of lipoprotein(a) in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 1995;76(7):459-462. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9149(99)80130-1.
• 27. Vergili-Nelsen JM. Benefits of fish oil supplementation for hemodialysis patients. J Am Diet Assoc. 2003;103(9):1174-1177. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(03)00984-2.
• 28. Celkan TT. What does a hemogram say to us? Turkish Arch Pediatr. 2020;55(2):103-116. doi: 10.14744/TurkPediatriArs.2019.76301.
• 29. Donnelly SM, Ali MAM, Churchill DN. Effect of n-3 fatty acids from fish oil on hemostasis, blood pressure, and lipid profile of dialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1992;2(11):1634-1639.
• 30. Vernaglione L, Cristofano C, Nephrology SCJ. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and proxies of cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis: A prospective cohort study. europepmc.org. Accessed November 12, 2020. https://europepmc.org/article/med/18264942.
• 31. Tayyebi-Khosroshahi H, Houshyar J, Dehgan-Hesari R, et al. Effect of treatment with omega-3 fatty acids on c-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-alfa in hemodialysis patients. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2012;23(3):500-506. doi:10.4103/1319-2442.95769.
• 32. Gharekhani A, Khatami MR, Dashti-Khavidaki S, et al. Potential effects of omega-3 fatty acids on anemia and inflammatory markers in maintenance hemodialysis patients. DARU, J Pharm Sci. 2014;22(1). doi: 10.1186/2008-2231-22-11.
• 33. Doğan H, Çaltekin MD. Sağlıklı kadınlarda fiziksel aktivite düzeyine göre uyku kalitesi ve monosit/ yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein oranın karşılaştırılması. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Derg. 2021;23(3):522-529. doi: 10.24938/kutfd.956479.