The Effects of Classical Music on Pain and Spinal Mobility During Stretching Exercises in Healthy Individuals

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 23, 613 - 628, 31.08.2024

Sanem Sener , Elif Cantürk , Eda Ezgi Topal

https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1417431

Öz

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the immediate effects of listening to classical music as a cognitive relaxation technique during stretching exercises on trunk flexibility and exercise-induced pain.
Method: This study was a randomized controlled trial in which 34 healthy male and female individuals aged between 18-22 years were divided into two groups: classical music listening group (n=17) and control group (n=17). Both groups performed static stretching exercises on the lumbal region and hamstring muscle groups for a total of 15 minutes. During the exercise, participants in the Classical Music Group listened to music with headphones. Control group did not listen to any music. Both groups underwent evaluation of their forward (Sit Reach Test) and lateral trunk flexibility (Trunk Lateral Flexion Test) before and after the exercise. Pain intensity during exercise was measured with Visual Analog Scale. Statistical analysis was performed using the R-Studio 1.4.1103 program, with a significance level of p<0.05.
Results: In both groups, there was an increase in all flexibility values compared to before the stretching exercise (p<0.001). Classical Music Group demonstrated greater improvements in flexibility values compared to the Control Group, except for the forward flexibility of the trunk (p<0.05). The two groups had no significant difference in pain levels experienced during static stretching exercises (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Performing stretching exercises while listening to classical music has been shown to increase the pain threshold. This decreased sensation of pain resulting from exercise can also lead to increased flexibility.

Anahtar Kelimeler

flexibility, stretching, music, pain intensity

Etik Beyan

This study is an original study; preparation, data collection, analysis I have acted in accordance with the principles and rules of scientific ethics at all stages, including the presentation of information; I have cited the sources for all data and information not obtained within the scope of this study and have included these sources in the bibliography; I have not made any errors in the data used. I declare that I have not made any changes. At any time, I declare that any situation contrary to this statement I made about the study I consent to all moral and legal consequences in the event of detection I'll let you know.

Destekleyen Kurum

No financial support has been received

Sağlıklı Bireylerde Klasik Müziğin Germe Egzersizleri Sırasında Ağrı ve Spinal Mobilite Üzerine Anlık Etkileri

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, germe egzersizleri sırasında bilişsel bir rahatlama tekniği olan klasik müzik dinlemenin gövde esnekliği ve egzersiz kaynaklı ağrı üzerindeki anlık etkilerini incelemektir.
Yöntem: Bu çalışma, yaşları 18-22 arasında değişen 34 sağlıklı erkek ve kadın bireyin klasik müzik dinleme grubu (n=17) ve kontrol grubu (n=17) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldığı randomize kontrollü bir çalışmadır. Her iki gruba da toplam 15 dakika boyunca lumbal bölge ve hamstring kas grupları üzerinde statik germe egzersizleri yaptırılmıştır. Her iki gruba da toplam 15 dakika boyunca lumbal bölge ve hamstring kas grupları üzerinde statik germe egzersizleri yaptırılmıştır. Egzersiz sırasında Klasik Müzik Grubundaki katılımcılar kulaklıkla müzik dinlemiştir. Kontrol grubu herhangi bir müzik dinlememiştir. Her iki gruba da egzersizden önce ve sonra öne doğru uzanma (Sit Reach Test) ve yan gövde esnekliği (Trunk Lateral Flexion Test) değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Egzersiz sırasındaki ağrı şiddeti Görsel Analog Skala ile ölçülmüştür. İstatistiksel analiz R-Studio 1.4.1103 programı kullanılarak p<0.05 anlamlılık düzeyinde gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Her iki grupta germe egzersizi öncesine göre tüm esneklik değerlerinde artış görülmüştür (p<0,001). Klasik Müzik Grubu, gövdenin öne doğru esnekliği hariç, esneklik değerlerinde Kontrol Grubuna kıyasla daha fazla gelişme göstermiştir (p<0.05). Statik germe egzersizleri sırasında yaşanan ağrı düzeylerinde iki grup arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır (p>0.05).
Sonuç: Klasik müzik dinlerken esneme egzersizleri yapmanın ağrı eşiğini yükselttiği gösterilmiştir. Egzersizden kaynaklanan bu azalmış ağrı hissi, esnekliğin artmasına da yol açabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

esneklik, pasif germe, müzik, ağrı şiddeti

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışmanın, özgün bir çalışma olduğunu; çalışmanın hazırlık, veri toplama, analiz ve bilgilerin sunumu olmak üzere tüm aşamalarından bilimsel etik ilke ve kurallarına uygun davrandığımı; bu çalışma kapsamında elde edilmeyen tüm veri ve bilgiler için kaynak gösterdiğimi ve bu kaynaklara kaynakçada yer verdiğimi; kullanılan verilerde herhangi bir değişiklik yapmadığımı beyan ederim. Herhangi bir zamanda, çalışmayla ilgili yaptığım bu beyana aykırı bir durumun saptanması durumunda, ortaya çıkacak tüm ahlaki ve hukuki sonuçlara razı olduğumu bildiririm.

Kaynakça

• 1. Corbin CB, Pangrazi RP, Franks BD. Definitions: Health, fitness, and physical activity. Pres Counc Phys Fit Sports Res Dig. 2000;3:1–11.
• 2. Mannerkorpi K. Exercise in fibromyalgia. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2005;17(2):190-194.
• 3. Apostolopoulos N, Metsios GS, Flouris AD, Koutedakis Y, Wyon MA. The relevance of stretch intensity and position—a systematic review. Front Psychol. 2015;6:1128.
• 4. Zakas A, Doganis G, Papakonstandinou V, Sentelidis T, Vamvakoudis E. Acute effects of static stretching duration on isokinetic peak torque production of soccer players. J Bodywork Mov Ther. 2006;10(2):89-95.
• 5. Matsuo S, Suzuki S, Iwata M, Hatano G, Nosaka K. Changes in force and stiffness after static stretching of eccentrically-damaged hamstrings. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;115:981-991.
• 6. Page P. Current concepts in muscle stretching for exercise and rehabilitation. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2012;7(1):109.
• 7. Nelson AG, Kokkonen J. Stretching Anatomy. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2007.
• 8. Ben M, Harvey LA. Regular stretch does not increase muscle extensibility: a randomized controlled trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010;20(1):136–44.
• 9. Ylinen J, Kankainen T, Kautiainen H, Rezasoltani A, Kuukkanen T, Häkkinen A. Effect of stretching on hamstring muscle compliance. J Rehabil Med. 2009;41(1):80–4.
• 10. Kay AD, Husbands-Beasley J, Blazevich AJ. Effects of contract-relax, static stretching, and isometric contractions on muscle-tendon mechanics. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015;47:2181–2190.
• 11. Nakamura M, Ikezoe T, Takeno Y, Ichihashi N. Time course of changes in passive properties of the gastrocnemius muscle–tendon unit during 5 min of static stretching. Manual Ther. 2013;18(3):211–215.
• 12. Weppler CH, Magnusson SP. Increasing muscle extensibility: a matter of increasing length or modifying sensation. Phys Ther. 2010;90(3):438-449.
• 13. Moritani T, Devries HA. Potential for gross muscle hypertrophy in older men. J Gerontol 1980;35(5):672-682.
• 14. Law RY, Harvey LA, Nicholas MK, Tonkin L, De Sousa M, Finniss DG. Stretch exercises increase tolerance to stretch in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain: a randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther. 2009;89(10):1016-1026.
• 15. Power K, Behm D, Cahill F, et al. An acute bout of static stretching: effects on force and jumping performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36(8):1389-1396.
• 16. Magnusson SP, Simonsen EB, Aagaard P, Kjaer M. Biomechanical responses to repeated stretches in human hamstring muscle in vivo. Am J Sports Med. 1996;24(5):622-628.
• 17. Özveren H. Ağrı kontrolünde farmakolojik olmayan yöntemler. Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik Dergisi. 2011;18(1):83-92.
• 18. Torun S. Müziğin Beynimizdeki Yolculuğu. Osmangazi Journal of Medicine. 2016;38(1).
• 19. Mithen SJ. The Singing Neanderthals: The Origins of Music, Language, Mind, and Body. Harvard University Press; 2006.
• 20. Terry PC, Karageorghis CI, Curran ML, Martin OV, Parsons-Smith RLJPb. Effects of music in exercise and sport: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin. 2020;146(2):91.
• 21. Karaaslan Ş. Müziğin Ameliyat Sonrası Ağrı Üzerine Etkisi, [yüksek lisans tezi], İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2014.
• 22. Karamızrak N. Ses ve müziğin organları iyileştirici etkisi. Koşuyolu Heart Journal 2014;17(1):54-57.
• 23. Elliott D. The effects of music and muscle relaxation on patient anxiety in a coronary care unit. Heart & Lung: The Journal of Critical Care. 1994;23(1):27-35.
• 24. O'Sullivan RJ. A musical road to recovery: music in intensive care. Intensive Care Nursing. 1991;7(3):160-163.
• 25. Munro S, Mount B. Music therapy in palliative care. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 1978;119(9):1029.
• 26. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang AG. Statistical power analyses using G* Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods. 2009;41(4):1149-1160.
• 27. Otman A, Köse N, Karakaya MG. Egzersiz Tedavisinde Temel Prensipler ve Yöntemler. Meteksan Aş. 2006:21-51.
• 28. Sayin YY, Akyolcu N. Comparison of pain scale preferences and pain intensity according to pain scales among Turkish Patients: a descriptive study. Pain Management Nursing. 2014;15(1):156-164.
• 29. López-Miñarro PA, Rodríguez-García PL. Hamstring muscle extensibility influences the criterion-related validity of sit-and-reach and toe-touch tests. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2010;24(4):1013-1018.
• 30. Ince G, Sarpel T, Durgun B, Erdogan S. Effects of a multimodal exercise program for people with ankylosing spondylitis. Physical Therapy. 2006;86(7):924-935.
• 31. Hutchinson JC, Jones L, Vitti SN, et al. The influence of self-selected music on affect-regulated exercise intensity and remembered pleasure during treadmill running. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology. 2018;7(1):80.
• 32. Karageorghis CI, Bigliassi M, Tayara K, et al. A grounded theory of music use in the psychological preparation of academy soccer players. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology. 2018;7(2):109.
• 33. Kulkarni S, Johnson P, Kettles S, et al. Music during interventional radiological procedures, effect on sedation, pain and anxiety: a randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Radiology. 2012;85(1016):1059-1063.
• 34. Taghinejad H, Delpisheh A, Suhrabi Z. Comparison between massage and music therapies to relieve the severity of labor pain. Women’s Health. 2010;6(3):377-381.
• 35. Gutgsell KJ, Schluchter M, Margevicius S, et al. Music therapy reduces pain in palliative care patients: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 2013;45(5):822-831.
• 36. Pradit L, Tantipalakorn C, Charoenkwan K, et al. Efficacy of listening to music on pain reduction during colposcopy-directed cervical biopsy: a randomized. controlled trial. Medicina. 2022;58(3):429.
• 37. Choi EK, Baek J, Lee D. Effect on music therapy on quality of recovery and postoperative pain after gynecological laparoscopy. Medicina. 2023;102(9).
• 38. Clark IN, Baker FA, Peiris CL et al. Participant-selected music and physical activity in older adults following cardiac rehabilitation: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation. 2017;31(3):329-339.
• 39. Howlin C, Stapleton A, Rooney B. Tune out pain: Agency and active engagement predict decreases in pain intensity after music listening. PloS One. 2022;17(8):e0271329.
• 40. Good M, Stanton‐Hicks M, Grass JA, et al. Relaxation and music to reduce postsurgical pain. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2001;33(2):208-215.
• 41. de Araújo Azi LMT, Azi ML, Viana MM, et al. Benefits of intraoperative music on orthopedic surgeries under spinal anesthesia: A randomized clinical trial. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2021;63:102777.
• 42. Nikzad S, Pirouzi S, Taghizadeh S. Hemmati L. Relationship between hamstring flexibility and extensor muscle activity during a trunk flexion task. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine. 2020;19(1):21-27.
• 43. Bandy WD, Irion JM, Briggler M. The effect of static stretch and dynamic range of motion training on the flexibility of the hamstring muscles. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 1998;27(4):295-300.
• 44. Freitas S, Vaz J, Bruno P, et al. Stretching effects: high-intensity & moderate-duration vs. low-intensity & long-duration. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2015:239-244.