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Adlandırma, düzen ve İktidar: Tolkien Yüzüklerin Efendisi & Ursula She Unnames Them All

Year 2024, Volume: 82 Issue: 2, 671 - 692, 11.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2024.82.2.0010

Abstract

Hukuk hem edebi metinlerdeki hukuki temalar hem de kendisinin nihayetinde bir metin olması hasebiyle edebiyatla ilişkilendirilir. Hukuk ve edebiyatın ontolojik akrabalığı ise kelimelerle ikinci bir dünya inşa etmeleridir. Kelimeler genel olarak insanın kültür adı verilen ikinci bir dünya inşa etmesini sağlar. Bu yönüyle, lisan, insanlık koşulunun bir özelliğidir. Arendt bu durumu vita activa olarak kavramsallaştırmış, iş, emek ve eylem kategorilerini tanımlamıştır. Makale adlandırma olarak ifade edilen bu özelliği merkeze alarak iki edebi eserdeki iktidar ve düzen kavrayışlarını tahlil etmektedir. Ursula’nın eseri adlandırmanın eril bir faaliyet olduğu ve sadece insanın işine yaradığı iddiasına dayanarak adsızlaştırma temasını işler. Adları iade eden karakter yerlerine yenisini koymamak suretiyle ilahi şiddetin bir türünü sergilemiş olur. Tolkien’in eseri ise doğru ve yanlış adlandırma arasında bir ayrım yapar. Nesnenin doğasını gözetmemek ve nesneyi araçsallaştırmak üzere adlandırmak yanlış adlandırmaktır. Doğru adlandırma ise nesneyi yönetmek değil onunla bir bahçıvanın çiçeklerle ilgilendiği gibi ilgilenmektir. Bu bağlamda Ursula anarşist, düzen kaldırıcı bir mesaj verirken yine ancak adlarla mümkün olan eylem kategorisini dışladığı için insanın hukuki-siyasi düzen kurma potansiyelini de reddetmiş olur. Tolkien ise tahakkümün ve araçsal aklın eleştirisini yaparken insan potansiyelini tümden reddetmeyi gerektirmeyen bir çare de önerir. Güç yozlaştırır mottosunda ana fikrini bulan eser, hukukun zorunlu olarak tahakküm aracı olmadığını bilakis keyfiyete karşı bir panzehir de olabileceğini düşündürtür.

References

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  • Aristoteles, Politika (Özgüç Orhan tr, Pinhan Yayıncılık 2018). google scholar
  • Benjamin W, ‘Critique of Violence’ in Marcus Bullock and Michael W. Jennings (eds), Selected Writings (Harvard University Press 2004). google scholar
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  • Tolkien J, Silmarion (Berna Akkıyal tr, İthaki 2011). google scholar
  • Tolkien J, Yüzüklerin Efendisi (Bülent Somay tr, Metis 2012). google scholar
  • Ursula Le G, She Unnames Them All (The New Yorker 21 Janurary 1985). https://www.newyorker. com/magazine/1985/01/21/she-unnames-them google scholar
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Naming, Order and Power: She Unnames Them All of Ursula & Lord of the Rings of Tolkien

Year 2024, Volume: 82 Issue: 2, 671 - 692, 11.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2024.82.2.0010

Abstract

One of the two points that establishes a relationship between law and literature is the legal themes in literary works, and the other is the literary character of law itself. More fundamentally, the ontological kinship between law and literature is that both construct a second world with words or names. In general, names are the mediums through which human beings construct a second world called culture. In this regard, language is a feature of the human condition. Arendt conceptualised this condition as vita activa and defined the categories of work, labour and action. This article analyzes the conceptions of power and order in two literary works by focusing on this condition of human beings called naming. Ursula’s work deals with the theme of naming, based on the claim that naming is a masculine activity that is only useful to humans. By refusing to replace names, the character who returns names manifests a form of divine violence. Tolkien’s work, on the other hand, distinguishes between correct and incorrect naming. In this conception, misnaming is to ignore the nature of the object and to name it to instrumentalize it. The correct naming, on the other hand, is not to rule the object but to take care of it as a gardener takes care of flowers. In this context, Ursula gives an anarchist, de-ordering message, and at the same time she rejects the potential of human beings to establish a legal-political order because she excludes the category of action that is only possible through names. Tolkien, on the other hand, while criticising domination and instrumental reason, also proposes a remedy that does not require a total rejection of human potential. His work, which finds its main idea in the motto “power corrupts”, makes us think that law is not necessarily an instrument of domination but, can also be an antidote to arbitrariness.

References

  • Arendt H, On Revolution (Penguin 1990). google scholar
  • Arendt H, İnsanlık Durumu (Bahadır Sina Şener tr, İletişim 2013). google scholar
  • Aristoteles, Politika (Özgüç Orhan tr, Pinhan Yayıncılık 2018). google scholar
  • Benjamin W, ‘Critique of Violence’ in Marcus Bullock and Michael W. Jennings (eds), Selected Writings (Harvard University Press 2004). google scholar
  • Komut Bakınç S, ‘The reinvention of humanity: Language, power and rebellion in Le Guin’s “She Unnames Them’ (2021) RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi 229-237. google scholar
  • Croft JB, ‘Naming the Evil One: Onomastic Strategies in Tolkien and Rowling’ (2009) 28(1) Mythlore 149-163. google scholar
  • Cover RM, ‘Violence and Word’ (1986) 95 Yale Law Journal 1601-1629. google scholar
  • Daniels M, Bir Nefeste Dünya Mitolojisi (Pınar Üstel tr, Maya Kitap 2014). google scholar
  • Dastur F, ‘İnsan Sesi’ in Adem Beyaz tr, Ölümle Yüzleşmek (Pinhan 2019). google scholar
  • Guthrie WKC, İlkçağ Felsefesi Tarihi (Ahmet Cevizci tr, Gündoğan 1999). google scholar
  • Guenon R, Mukaddes İlmin Sembolleri (Filiz Karaküçük tr, Ketebe 2022). google scholar
  • Hargrove G, ‘Who is Tom Bombadil?’ (1986) 13 Mythlore 20-24. google scholar
  • Horkheimer M., Akıl Tutulması, trans. Orhan Koçak, (Metis 2013). google scholar
  • Inkpen D, “Tom Bombadil and Spirit of Objectivity”, (2020) 39 Mythlore 117-132. google scholar
  • İşsevenler V, Kurucu İktidarın Eleştirisi (Pinhan 2019). google scholar
  • Kambo K, ‘Platonic Tripartition and the Peoples of Middle-Earth’ (2022) Journal for Transcultural Presences & Diachronic Identities from Antiquity to Date 90-122. google scholar
  • Kur’ân Yolu https://kuran.diyanet.gov.tr accessed: 12/9/2023. google scholar
  • MacNeil W, ‘One Recht to Rule Them All! Law’s Empire In The Age Of Empire’ in Andrew T. Kenyon & Peter D. Rush (eds), An Aesthetics of Law And Culture: Texts, Images, Screens (Elsevier 2004) 279-303. google scholar
  • Nardi DJ Jr, ‘Political Institutions in J.R.R. Tolkien’s Middle-earth: Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying About the Lack of Democracy’ (2014) 33 Mythlore 101-123. google scholar Saydam MB, Deli Dumrul’un Bilinci (Metis 2017). google scholar
  • Sproul Barbara C, Yaratılış Mitleri (Ali Bucak tr, Hil Yayın 2018). google scholar
  • Slethaug GE, ‘Tolkien, Tom Bombadil, and Creative Imagination’ (1978) 4 (3) English Studies in Canada 341-350. google scholar
  • Tandırcı MA, ‘Tolkien Legendarium’unun Çevre Tarihi Perspektifinden Eko-Eleştirel Analizi’, (Thss. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi Anabilim Dalı Kentleşme ve Çevre Sorunları Bilim Dalı, 2022) google scholar
  • Tolkien J, The Letters Of J. R. R. Tolkien (Humphrey Carpenter ed, William Morrow 2000). google scholar
  • Tolkien J, Silmarion (Berna Akkıyal tr, İthaki 2011). google scholar
  • Tolkien J, Yüzüklerin Efendisi (Bülent Somay tr, Metis 2012). google scholar
  • Ursula Le G, She Unnames Them All (The New Yorker 21 Janurary 1985). https://www.newyorker. com/magazine/1985/01/21/she-unnames-them google scholar
  • Ursula Le G, ‘Hepimizin Aklında Takımadalar Var’ (2004) 71 Virgül. google scholar
  • https://www.metiskitap.com/catalog/interview/2893 accessed: 9//9/2023. google scholar
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Environmental and Resources Law (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Osman Vahdet İşsevenler 0000-0003-0287-0686

Publication Date July 11, 2024
Submission Date November 19, 2023
Acceptance Date June 27, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 82 Issue: 2

Cite

APA İşsevenler, O. V. (2024). Naming, Order and Power: She Unnames Them All of Ursula & Lord of the Rings of Tolkien. İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası, 82(2), 671-692. https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2024.82.2.0010
AMA İşsevenler OV. Naming, Order and Power: She Unnames Them All of Ursula & Lord of the Rings of Tolkien. İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası. July 2024;82(2):671-692. doi:10.26650/mecmua.2024.82.2.0010
Chicago İşsevenler, Osman Vahdet. “Naming, Order and Power: She Unnames Them All of Ursula & Lord of the Rings of Tolkien”. İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası 82, no. 2 (July 2024): 671-92. https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2024.82.2.0010.
EndNote İşsevenler OV (July 1, 2024) Naming, Order and Power: She Unnames Them All of Ursula & Lord of the Rings of Tolkien. İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası 82 2 671–692.
IEEE O. V. İşsevenler, “Naming, Order and Power: She Unnames Them All of Ursula & Lord of the Rings of Tolkien”, İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası, vol. 82, no. 2, pp. 671–692, 2024, doi: 10.26650/mecmua.2024.82.2.0010.
ISNAD İşsevenler, Osman Vahdet. “Naming, Order and Power: She Unnames Them All of Ursula & Lord of the Rings of Tolkien”. İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası 82/2 (July 2024), 671-692. https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2024.82.2.0010.
JAMA İşsevenler OV. Naming, Order and Power: She Unnames Them All of Ursula & Lord of the Rings of Tolkien. İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası. 2024;82:671–692.
MLA İşsevenler, Osman Vahdet. “Naming, Order and Power: She Unnames Them All of Ursula & Lord of the Rings of Tolkien”. İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası, vol. 82, no. 2, 2024, pp. 671-92, doi:10.26650/mecmua.2024.82.2.0010.
Vancouver İşsevenler OV. Naming, Order and Power: She Unnames Them All of Ursula & Lord of the Rings of Tolkien. İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası. 2024;82(2):671-92.