Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Ev İçi Emeğin Ağır Yükünü Azaltmak İçin Bir Öneri

Year 2024, Volume: 82 Issue: 3, 841 - 853, 26.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2024.82.3.0008

Abstract

Ücretsiz emeğin yaygın görünümü olan ev içi emek birçok ülkede yaygındır. Ev içi emeğin büyük bir kısmı ev hanımları tarafından gerçekleştirilmektedir. Ev hanımlarının gereğine uygun bir sosyal güvenceden, düzenli bir gelirden ve emeklilik planlarından yoksun yaşamları gelecekleri açısından belirsizlik yaratmaktadır. Toplumu dönüştürmek için işlevsel bir araç olan hukuk, bu tür toplumsal eşitsizlikleri değiştirecek bir işleve sahiptir. Bu makalede, hukukun ev içi emek sorunlarını çözmek için nasıl çözümler sunabileceğini tartışacağız. Feminist duruş kuramına dayanan bu makale, bilimsel yöntemlerin ev içi emek sorunlarının anlaşılmasına ve yerinde düzenlemelerle giderilmesine nasıl katkıda bulunabileceğini araştırmaktadır. Feminist duruş kuramı, bilginin sosyal olarak konumlandırıldığını ileri sürer. Kadınlar gibi marjinalleştirilmiş grupların, yaşadıkları deneyimler nedeniyle sosyal ve siyasi meselelerin benzersiz bir şekilde farkında olduklarını iddia eder. Bu teoriye göre, araştırma bu marjinalleştirilmiş bireylerin bakış açısından başlamalıdır. Bu sayede önyargılar ele alınabilir ve daha adil bir topluma ulaşılabilir. Özünde, bilimsel araştırmanın geleneksel nesnelliğine meydan okur ve farklı perspektiflerin önemini vurgular. Bu bağlamda makalede, kadınların sorunlarının ele alınmasında kanıtlardan etkilenen politikaların önemini vurgulamaktadır. Konuya ilişkin incelemeler yaparken Türkiye’nin toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizlikleri ile mücadelede kaydettiği ilerlemeyi örneklerle paylaşacağız. Makalede, Türkiye’de kadın hakları alanında kaydedilen ilerlemeleri geriletmek isteyen erkek hakları hareketinin muhalefeti de değerlendirilmektedir. Ancak, özellikle mal paylaşımı düzenlemelerine ilişkin argümanlarının kanıta dayanmaktan ziyade ideolojik olduğunu savunmaktadır. Makalemizde, ev içi emekçilerin sorunlarına olumsuz etkisi olan birçok unsurdan biri olan yasal mal rejimine odaklanacağız. Çözüm olarak da Medeni Kanun’da bazı değişiklikler önereceğiz.

References

  • Alptekin D, ‘From Street to Academy: Institutionalism Process of Woman’s Movement’ (2011) 26 Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 33-43. google scholar
  • Anayasa Mahkemesi, 1990/30, 29.11.1990. google scholar
  • Blackett A, ‘The Decent Work for Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189) and Recommendation (No. 201), Introductory Note’ (2014) 53(1) International Legal Materials 250, 266 < http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5305/intelegamate.53.1.0250 > Date of Access 21 Nov. 2023. google scholar
  • Crasnow S, ‘Feminist Standpoint Theory’ in Nancy Cartwright & Eleonora Montuschi (eds), Philosophy of Social Science: A New Introduction (Oxford University Press 2014). google scholar
  • Douglas H, ‘Values in Social Science’ in Nancy Cartwright & Eleonora Montuschi (eds), Philosophy of Social Science: A New Introduction (Oxford University Press 2014). google scholar
  • Ferrant G, Pesando LM, and Nowacka K, ‘Unpaid Care Work: The Missing Link in the Analysis of Gender Gaps in Labour Outcomes’ (2014) <https://www.oecd.org/dev/development-gender/ Unpaid_care_work.pdf> Date of Access 21 Nov. 2023. google scholar
  • Fricker M, ‘Testimonial Injustice’, Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing (Oxford, 2007; online edn, Oxford Academic, 1 Sept. 2007), <https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:o so/9780198237907.003.0002> Date of Access 18 Dec. 2023. google scholar
  • Ghana, Ghana Living Standards Survey 6 (With a Labour Force Module) 2012-2013, Round Six <https://www2.statsghana.gov.gh/nada/index.php/ddibrowser/72/export/?format=pdf&generate =yes> Date of Access 21 Nov. 2023. google scholar
  • Gimenez-Nadal JI and Molina JA, ‘The gender gap in time allocation’ (2022) IZA World of Labor 497 <https://doi.org/10.15185/izawol.497> Date of Access 29 Nov. 2023. google scholar
  • Gültekin M, ‘Türkiye’de Ücretli ve Ücretsiz Emek Ekseninde Kadınlarla Erkeklerin Hem Kendi İçlerindeki Hem de Kendi Aralarındaki Eşitsizlikler’ (2022) 14 Fe Dergi 33-55 <http://federgi. ankara.edu.tr/2022/12/12/28_3/> Access 27 Mar. 2024. google scholar
  • Haraway D, ‘Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective’ (1988) 14 Feminist Studies 575-99 <https://doi.org/10.2307/3178066> Date of Access 27 Mar. 2024. google scholar
  • Montuschi E, ‘Scientific Objectivity’ in Nancy Cartwright & Eleonora Montuschi (eds), Philosophy of Social Science: A New Introduction (Oxford University Press 2014). google scholar
  • Munro E, ‘Evidence-Based Policy’ in Nancy Cartwright & Eleonora Montuschi (eds), Philosophy of Social Science: A New Introduction (Oxford University Press 2014). google scholar
  • OECD, ‘Bringing Household Services Out of the Shadows: Formalising Non-Care Work in and Around the House’ in Gender Equality at Work (OECD Publishing, Paris, 2021) <https://doi. org/10.1787/fbea8f6e-en> Date of Access 21 Nov. 2023. google scholar
  • Oelz M, ‘Remuneration in domestic work’ (Domestic Labor Policy Brief No.1, International Labour Organization) <https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---travail/documents/publication/wcms_155654.pdf > Date of Access 21 Nov. 2023. google scholar
  • Ramırez-Machado JM, Domestic work, work conditions, and employment: A legalperspective, (1st edn. ILO 2003). google scholar
  • Reiss J and Sprenger J, ‘Scientific Objectivity’ The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2020 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2020/ entries/scientific-objectivity/>. Date of Access 1 Dec. 2023. google scholar
  • Simandan D, ‘Revisiting positionality and the thesis of situated knowledge’ (2019) 9(2) Dialogues in Human Geography 129-149 <https://doi.org/10.1177/2043820619850013> Date of Access 27 Mar. 2024. google scholar
  • Şıpka Ş, ‘Edinilmiş Mallara Katılma Rejiminin Yasalaşma Süreci ile Yürürlüğüne İlişkin Sorunlar’ in Şükran Şıpka & A. Barış Özbilen & Ebru Şensöz (eds), Uygulamalı Aile Hukuku Sertifika Programı III. Dönem: Edinilmiş Mallara Katılma Rejimi ve Uygulama Sorunları, 17-18 Kasım 2006 (İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları 2007). google scholar
  • TÜİK, ‘Türkiye Aile Yapısı Araştırması’ (01.04.2022) <https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/ Index?p=Turkiye-Aile-Yapisi-Arastirmasi-2021-45813&dil=1> Date of Access 30 Nov. 2023. google scholar
  • Yargıtay 8 HD, 6921/3949, 05.07.2011. google scholar
  • Yargıtay 8 HD, 9786/7968, 24.04.2014. google scholar
  • Yargıtay HGK, 8-192/629, 26.09.2012. google scholar
  • YÖK, ‘Yükseköğretim Kurulundan 34 yaş üstü kadınlara devlet üniversitelerinde özel kontenjan’ (08.03.2023) <https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Haberler/2023/34-yas-ustu-kadinlara-devlet-universitelerinde-ozel-kontenjan.aspx> Date of Access 30 Nov. 2023. google scholar

A Proposal to Ease the Heavy Burden of Domestic Labour

Year 2024, Volume: 82 Issue: 3, 841 - 853, 26.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2024.82.3.0008

Abstract

Domestic labour, a well-known form of unpaid labour, is widespread throughout many countries. Most domestic labour is performed mostly by housewives. Housewives often face uncertainty about their future because of a lack of adequate social security, regular income, and retirement plans. As a functional tool for transforming society, law plays a role in changing such social inequalities. In this article, we discuss how law can offer remedies to fix domestic labour problems. Drawing on feminist standpoint theory, this article explores how scientific methods can contribute to understanding and redressing domestic labour problems with to-the-point regulations. Feminist Standpoint Theory asserts that knowledge is socially situated. It contends that marginalised groups, such as women, are uniquely aware of social and political issues because of their lived experiences. According to this theory, research should begin from the standpoint of these marginalised individuals. By doing so, biases can be addressed, and a more just society can be achieved. In essence, it challenges the traditional objectivity of scientific research and emphasises the importance of diverse perspectives. In this context, this article discusses the significance of evidence-influenced policies in addressing women’s problems. While doing so, we will present the progress of Türkiye with examples of its efforts to tackle gender inequalities. The article acknowledges opposition from the men’s right movement, which seeks to reverse advancements in women’s rights in Türkiye. However, it argues that their arguments are ideological rather than based on evidence, particularly regarding property division laws. In this article, we focus on the matrimonial property regime, which is one of the many negative contributors to the problems of the performers of domestic labour. As a remedy, we propose amendments to the Civil Code.

References

  • Alptekin D, ‘From Street to Academy: Institutionalism Process of Woman’s Movement’ (2011) 26 Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 33-43. google scholar
  • Anayasa Mahkemesi, 1990/30, 29.11.1990. google scholar
  • Blackett A, ‘The Decent Work for Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189) and Recommendation (No. 201), Introductory Note’ (2014) 53(1) International Legal Materials 250, 266 < http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5305/intelegamate.53.1.0250 > Date of Access 21 Nov. 2023. google scholar
  • Crasnow S, ‘Feminist Standpoint Theory’ in Nancy Cartwright & Eleonora Montuschi (eds), Philosophy of Social Science: A New Introduction (Oxford University Press 2014). google scholar
  • Douglas H, ‘Values in Social Science’ in Nancy Cartwright & Eleonora Montuschi (eds), Philosophy of Social Science: A New Introduction (Oxford University Press 2014). google scholar
  • Ferrant G, Pesando LM, and Nowacka K, ‘Unpaid Care Work: The Missing Link in the Analysis of Gender Gaps in Labour Outcomes’ (2014) <https://www.oecd.org/dev/development-gender/ Unpaid_care_work.pdf> Date of Access 21 Nov. 2023. google scholar
  • Fricker M, ‘Testimonial Injustice’, Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing (Oxford, 2007; online edn, Oxford Academic, 1 Sept. 2007), <https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:o so/9780198237907.003.0002> Date of Access 18 Dec. 2023. google scholar
  • Ghana, Ghana Living Standards Survey 6 (With a Labour Force Module) 2012-2013, Round Six <https://www2.statsghana.gov.gh/nada/index.php/ddibrowser/72/export/?format=pdf&generate =yes> Date of Access 21 Nov. 2023. google scholar
  • Gimenez-Nadal JI and Molina JA, ‘The gender gap in time allocation’ (2022) IZA World of Labor 497 <https://doi.org/10.15185/izawol.497> Date of Access 29 Nov. 2023. google scholar
  • Gültekin M, ‘Türkiye’de Ücretli ve Ücretsiz Emek Ekseninde Kadınlarla Erkeklerin Hem Kendi İçlerindeki Hem de Kendi Aralarındaki Eşitsizlikler’ (2022) 14 Fe Dergi 33-55 <http://federgi. ankara.edu.tr/2022/12/12/28_3/> Access 27 Mar. 2024. google scholar
  • Haraway D, ‘Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective’ (1988) 14 Feminist Studies 575-99 <https://doi.org/10.2307/3178066> Date of Access 27 Mar. 2024. google scholar
  • Montuschi E, ‘Scientific Objectivity’ in Nancy Cartwright & Eleonora Montuschi (eds), Philosophy of Social Science: A New Introduction (Oxford University Press 2014). google scholar
  • Munro E, ‘Evidence-Based Policy’ in Nancy Cartwright & Eleonora Montuschi (eds), Philosophy of Social Science: A New Introduction (Oxford University Press 2014). google scholar
  • OECD, ‘Bringing Household Services Out of the Shadows: Formalising Non-Care Work in and Around the House’ in Gender Equality at Work (OECD Publishing, Paris, 2021) <https://doi. org/10.1787/fbea8f6e-en> Date of Access 21 Nov. 2023. google scholar
  • Oelz M, ‘Remuneration in domestic work’ (Domestic Labor Policy Brief No.1, International Labour Organization) <https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---travail/documents/publication/wcms_155654.pdf > Date of Access 21 Nov. 2023. google scholar
  • Ramırez-Machado JM, Domestic work, work conditions, and employment: A legalperspective, (1st edn. ILO 2003). google scholar
  • Reiss J and Sprenger J, ‘Scientific Objectivity’ The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2020 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2020/ entries/scientific-objectivity/>. Date of Access 1 Dec. 2023. google scholar
  • Simandan D, ‘Revisiting positionality and the thesis of situated knowledge’ (2019) 9(2) Dialogues in Human Geography 129-149 <https://doi.org/10.1177/2043820619850013> Date of Access 27 Mar. 2024. google scholar
  • Şıpka Ş, ‘Edinilmiş Mallara Katılma Rejiminin Yasalaşma Süreci ile Yürürlüğüne İlişkin Sorunlar’ in Şükran Şıpka & A. Barış Özbilen & Ebru Şensöz (eds), Uygulamalı Aile Hukuku Sertifika Programı III. Dönem: Edinilmiş Mallara Katılma Rejimi ve Uygulama Sorunları, 17-18 Kasım 2006 (İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları 2007). google scholar
  • TÜİK, ‘Türkiye Aile Yapısı Araştırması’ (01.04.2022) <https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/ Index?p=Turkiye-Aile-Yapisi-Arastirmasi-2021-45813&dil=1> Date of Access 30 Nov. 2023. google scholar
  • Yargıtay 8 HD, 6921/3949, 05.07.2011. google scholar
  • Yargıtay 8 HD, 9786/7968, 24.04.2014. google scholar
  • Yargıtay HGK, 8-192/629, 26.09.2012. google scholar
  • YÖK, ‘Yükseköğretim Kurulundan 34 yaş üstü kadınlara devlet üniversitelerinde özel kontenjan’ (08.03.2023) <https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Haberler/2023/34-yas-ustu-kadinlara-devlet-universitelerinde-ozel-kontenjan.aspx> Date of Access 30 Nov. 2023. google scholar
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Law in Context (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Murat Aybars Tunca This is me

Publication Date September 26, 2024
Submission Date March 27, 2024
Acceptance Date September 2, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 82 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Tunca, M. A. (2024). A Proposal to Ease the Heavy Burden of Domestic Labour. İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası, 82(3), 841-853. https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2024.82.3.0008
AMA Tunca MA. A Proposal to Ease the Heavy Burden of Domestic Labour. İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası. September 2024;82(3):841-853. doi:10.26650/mecmua.2024.82.3.0008
Chicago Tunca, Murat Aybars. “A Proposal to Ease the Heavy Burden of Domestic Labour”. İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası 82, no. 3 (September 2024): 841-53. https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2024.82.3.0008.
EndNote Tunca MA (September 1, 2024) A Proposal to Ease the Heavy Burden of Domestic Labour. İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası 82 3 841–853.
IEEE M. A. Tunca, “A Proposal to Ease the Heavy Burden of Domestic Labour”, İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası, vol. 82, no. 3, pp. 841–853, 2024, doi: 10.26650/mecmua.2024.82.3.0008.
ISNAD Tunca, Murat Aybars. “A Proposal to Ease the Heavy Burden of Domestic Labour”. İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası 82/3 (September 2024), 841-853. https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2024.82.3.0008.
JAMA Tunca MA. A Proposal to Ease the Heavy Burden of Domestic Labour. İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası. 2024;82:841–853.
MLA Tunca, Murat Aybars. “A Proposal to Ease the Heavy Burden of Domestic Labour”. İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası, vol. 82, no. 3, 2024, pp. 841-53, doi:10.26650/mecmua.2024.82.3.0008.
Vancouver Tunca MA. A Proposal to Ease the Heavy Burden of Domestic Labour. İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası. 2024;82(3):841-53.