International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies 2146-9067 Murat CİNİVİZ 10.18245/ijaet.47076 Influence of Diesel Fuel and Soybean Oil Ethyl Ester Blends on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Sugözü Banu 05 03 2016 5 1 1 7 11 17 2015 Copyright © 2012, International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies 2012 International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies

In this study, blends of soybean oil ethyl ester and diesel fuel are tested as alternative fuel in a single cylinder, air cooled pre-combustion chamber diesel engine at different speeds and their effects on engine performance and emissions are analyzed. It is observed that the average moment obtained by 5% soybean oil ethyl ester and diesel fuel blend (SOE5) is 0.53% lower, the level of power obtained is 1.8% lower; however, specific fuel consumption is approximately 4.31% higher than those of diesel fuel. In the experiments conducted with 20% soybean oil ethyl ester and diesel fuel blend (SOE20), it is observed that the average moment is 1.74% lower, the level of power obtained is 5.91% lower; however, specific fuel consumption is approximately 10.94% higher than those of diesel fuel. Moreover, while a distinctive decrease is observed in CO emissions of fuel blends, NOx emissions are obtained very close to that of diesel fuel.

 biodiesel soybean oil ethyl ester alternative fuels Demirbas, A., "Energy balance, energy sources, energy policy, future developments and energy investments in Turkey", Energy Conversion and Management, 42, 10, pp. 1239–1258, 2001. Karabektas, M., et al., "The effects of preheated cottonseed oil methyl ester on the performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine", Applied Thermal Engineering 28, 17-18, pp. 2136–2143, 2008. Saeed, M. N., Henein, N.A., "Combustion phenomena of alcohols in C. I. engines", Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 111, 3, pp. 439–444, 1989. Can, O., et al., "Effects of ethanol addition on performance and emissions of a turbocharged indirect injection diesel engine running at different injection pressures", Energy Conversion and Management, 45, 15-16, pp. 2429–2440, 2004. Abu-Quadis, M., et al., "The effect of alcohol fumigation on diesel engine performance and emissions", Energy Conversion and Management, 41, pp.389–99, 2000. Czerwinski, J., "Performance Of HD-DI Diesel Engine With Addition Of Ethanol And Rapeseed Oil", SAE Paper No. 940545, 1994. Hansen, A. C., et al., "Ethanol-diesel fuel blends-a review", Bioresource Technology, 96, 3, pp. 277–285, 2005. Sendzikiene, E., et al., "Influence of fuel oxygen content on diesel engine exhaust emissions", Renewable Energy, 31, 15, pp. 2505–2512, 2006. American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) D975-96, Standard Specification for Fuel Oils, Annual Book of ASTM Standards; Philadelphia, USA, 1997. European Committee for Standardization, EN 14214, Automotive fuels-fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for diesel engines-requirement methods, Brussels (Belgium), 2003. Knothe, G., et al., "The biodiesel handbook", Champaign, IL (USA): AOCS Press, 2005. Ajav, E. A, et al.,. "Experimental study of some performance parameters of a constant speed stationary diesel engine using ethanol–diesel blends as fuel", Biomass and Bioenergy, 17, 4, pp. 357–365, 1999. He, B. Q., et al., "The effect of ethanol blended diesel fuels on emissions from a diesel engine", Atmospheric Environment, 37, 35, pp. 4965–4971, 2003. Shadid, E. M., Jamal, Y., "A review of biodiesel as vehicular fuel" Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 12, 9, pp.2484-2494, 2008. Özsezen, A., et al., "Performance and combustion characteristics of a DI diesel engine fueled with waste palm oil and canola oil methyl esters", Fuel, 88, 4, pp. 629-636, 2009. Keskin, A., et al., "Using of cotton oil soapstock biodiesel-diesel fuel blends as an alternative diesel fuel", Renewable Energy 33, 4, pp. 553-557, 2008. Çetinkaya, M., et al., "Engine and winter road test performances of used cooking oil originated biodiesel", Energy Conversion and Management, 46, 7-8, pp. 1279-1291, 2005. Altıparmak, D., et al., "Alternative fuel properties of tall oil fatty acid methyl ester-diesel fuel blends", Bioresource Technology, 98, 2, pp. 241-246, 2007. Gürü, M., et al., "Biodiesel production from waste chicken fat based sources and evaluation with Mg based additive in a Diesel engine", Renewable Energy, 35, 3, pp. 637-643, 2010. Kalligeros, S., et al., "An investigation of using biodiesel/marine diesel blends on the performance of a stationary diesel engine", Biomass and Bioenergy, 24, 2, pp. 141-149, 2003. Agarwal, A. K., "Biofuels (alcohols and biodiesel) applications as fuels for Internal Combustion Engines", Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 33, 3, pp. 233-271, 2007. Keskin, A., Emiroglu, A. O.," Catalytic reduction techniques for post-combustion diesel engine exhaust emissions", Energy Education Science and Technology Part A: Energy Science and Research, 25, pp. 87–103, 2010. Ozgur, T., et al., "Prediction of emissions of a diesel engine fueled with soybean biodiesel using artificial neural networks, Energy Education Science and Technology Part A: Energy Science and Research, 27, pp. 301–312, 2011. Çelik, M. B., Şimşek, D., "The Determination Of Optimum Injection Pressure In An Engine Fuelled With Soybean Biodiesel/Diesel Blend", Thermal Science, 2013. DOI Reference 10.2298/TSCI120807023C. Qi, D. H., et al., "Performance and combustion characteristics of biodiesel–diesel–methanol blend fuelled engine", Applied Energy, 87, 5, pp. 1679–1686, 2010. Satya, V. P. U., et al., "Effective Utilization Of B20 Blend With Oxygenated Additives", Thermal Science, 15, 4, pp. 1175-1184, 2011. Yucel, Y., Tekeli, Y., "Biodiesel production from canola oil using immobilized lipase", Energy Education Science and Technology Part A, 27, pp. 337–346, 2011. Krishnakumar, J., et al., "Technical Aspects of Biodiesel Production from Vegetable Oils", Thermal Science, 12, 2, pp. 159-169, 2008. Çanakçı, M., "Production of biodiesel from feedstocks with high free fatty acids and its effect on diesel engine performance and emissions", Ph.D. thesis, Iowa State Universty, Ames-Iowa, 2001. Lapuerta, M., et al., "Effect of biodiesel fuels on diesel engine emissions", Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 34, 2, pp. 198-223, 2008. Lin, L., et al., "Biodiesel production from crude rice bran oil and properties as fuel", Applied Energy, 86, 5, pp. 681-688, 2009. Canakci, M., Van, G. J. H., "Comparison of engine performance and emissions for petroleum diesel fuel, yellow grease biodiesel, and soybean oil biodiesel", Transactions of the ASAE, 46, pp. 937–944, 2003. McDonald, J. F., et al., "Emissions Characteristics of Soy Methyl Ester Fuels in an IDI Compression Ignition Engine", SAE paper, No.950400, 1995. Peterson, C. L., et al., "Ethyl Ester of Rapeseed Used as a Biodiesel Fuel-A Case Study", Biomass and Bioenergy, 10, 5-6, pp. 331–336, 1996.