A novel design of heating system using phase change material for passenger car cabin in cold starting conditions

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 92 - 104, 30.09.2023

Habib Gürbüz , Durukan Ateş , Hüsameddin Akçay

https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.1273428

Cited By: 1

Abstract

In this paper, the use of exhaust waste heat energy stored in a latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) system for cabin heating of a passenger car at cold climate conditions was investigated by experimental and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A liquid circulation system was installed for this purpose, consisting of two heat exchangers, one in the passenger car's rear compartment and the other in which the phase change material (PCM) in the LHTES system was stored. Commercial RT55 paraffin wax was used as PCM, and tap water was used as heat transfer fluid (HTF). Experimental and CFD analysis studies, which started at 283 K cabin interior temperature, were continued for 1500 sec (25 min). Before the experiments, the cabin interior of the passenger car was cooled up to 283 K with the air conditioning system, and the air conditioning system was kept on at a setting where the cabin interior temperature would remain constant at 283 K during the experiments. Thus, real cold climate conditions were provided for the experimental study. As a result, it has been observed that with the new cabin heating system, thermal comfort conditions for people are provided after the first five minutes, and this temperature can be maintained throughout the experiment. So much so that the cabin temperature increased from 283 K to 295 K in five minutes and reached approximately 297 K at the end of the experiment with a slow rate of increase. Furthermore, the difference in RT55 temperatures between the experimental and CFD analysis results is less than 3% during the cabin interior heating period.

Keywords

Exhaust waste heat recovery, LHTES, CPM, Cabin interior heating

Supporting Institution

No

Project Number

No

Thanks

This article was presented as part of the M.Sc. thesis in which prepared by Durukan ATEŞ [26] supervised by Prof. Dr. Habib GÜRBÜZ.

References

• OGJ Editors, “BP Energy Outlook: Global energy demand to grow 30% to 2035,” Oil & Gas Journal, 2017.
• Saidur R, Rezaei M, Muzammil WK, Hassan MH, Paria S, Hasanuzzaman M. “Technologies to recover exhaust heat from internal combustion engines” Renew Sustain Energy Rev;16 (8): 5649-5659, 2012.
• Farhat O, Faraj J, Hachem F, Castelain C, Khaled M. “A recent review on waste heat recovery methodologies and applications: Comprehensive review, critical analysis and potential recommendations” Clean. Eng. Technol, 6, 100387, 2022.
• Ismail KA, Lino FA, Machado PLO, Teggar M, Arıcı M, Alves TA, Teles MP, “New potential applications of phase change materials: A review”, Journal of Energy Storage, 53, 105202, 2022.
• Sharma A, Tyagi VV, Chen CR, Buddhi D, “Review on thermal energy storage with phase change materials and applications”, Renewable and Sustainable energy reviews, 13(2), 318-345, 2009.
• Krishna J, Kishore PS, Solomon AB, “Heat pipe with nano enhanced-PCM for electronic cooling application”, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 81, 84-92, 2017.
• Mishra L, Sinha A, Gupta R, “Recent developments in latent heat energy storage systems using phase change materials (PCMs)-a review”, Green Buildings and Sustainable Engineering: Proceedings of GBSE 2018, 25-37. 2019.
• Kang Y, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Zhu Y, “General Model of Analyzing the Thermal Performance of Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Systems with Various PCM Capsules”, Energy Engineering, 788, 2000.
• Iqbal K, Sun D, “Synthesis of nanoencapsulated Glauber’s salt using PMMA shell and its application on cotton for thermoregulating effect” Cellulose, 25(3), 2103-2113, 2018.
• Watanabe T, Kanzawa A, “Second law optimization of a latent heat storage system with PCMs having different melting points”, Heat Recovery Systems and CHP, 15(7), 641-653, 1995.
• Marshall GJ, Mahony CP, Rhodes MJ, Daniewicz SR, Tsolas N, Thompson SM. “Thermal management of vehicle cabins, external surfaces, and onboard electronics: An overview” Engineering, 5(5), 954-969, 2019.
• Sood D, Das D, Ali SF, Rakshit D, “Numerical analysis of an automobile cabin thermal management using passive phase change material”, Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 25, 100870, 2021.
• Jamekhorshid A, Sadrameli SM, “Application of phase change materials (PCMs) in maintaining comfort temperature inside an automobile” World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, 6(1), 3, 2012.
• Gürtürk M, Kok B, “A new approach in the design of heat transfer fin for melting and solidification of PCM”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 153, 119671, 2020. Aldoss TK, Rahman MM, “Comparison between the single-PCM and multi-PCM thermal energy storage design”, Energy conversion and management, 83, 79-87, 2014.
• Lamberg P, Siren K, “Approximate analytical model for solidification in a finite PCM storage with internal fins”, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 27(7), 491-513, 2003.
• Stritih U, Novak P, “Heat transfer enhancement at phase change processes”, 2000.
• Kroeger PG, Ostrach S, „The solution of a two-dimensional freezing problem including convection effects in the liquid region”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 17(10), 1191-1207, 1974.
• Sheikholeslami M, Mahian O, “Enhancement of PCM solidification using inorganic nanoparticles and an external magnetic field with application in energy storage systems”, Journal of cleaner production, 215, 963-977, 2019.
• Tiari S, Qiu S, Mahdavi M, “Numerical study of finned heat pipe-assisted thermal energy storage system with high temperature phase change material”, Energy Conversion and Management, 89, 833-842, 2015. Mahdi JM, Nsofor EC, “Solidification of a PCM with nanoparticles in triplex-tube thermal energy storage system”, Applied Thermal Engineering, 108, 596-604, 2016.
• Vyshak NR, Jilani G, “Numerical analysis of latent heat thermal energy storage system”, Energy conversion and management, 48(7), 2161-2168, 2007.
• Thippeswmay P, Bhaskar A, Mondal S, “An Experimental Study of a LTES with Compact Heat Exchanger Model” In Advances in Energy Research, Vol. 1: Selected Papers from ICAER 2017, 321-329, Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020.
• Mosaffa AH, Talati F, Tabrizi HB, Rosen MA, “Analytical modeling of PCM solidification in a shell and tube finned thermal storage for air conditioning systems”, Energy and buildings, 49, 356-361, 2012.
• Krishnamoorthi S, Prabhu L, Kuriakose G, Harikrishnan J, “Air-cooling system based on phase change materials for a vehicle cabin”, Materials Today: Proceedings, 45, 5991-5996, 2021.
• Gürbüz H, Aytaç HE, Hamamcıoğlu E, Akçay H, “The Effect of Al2O3 Addition on Solidification Process of Phase Change Material: A Case Study on Heating of Automobile Cabin in Cold Climate Conditions”, International Journal of Automotive Science and Technology, 6(3), 275-283, 2022.
• Rubitherm Technologies, “PCM RT-Line.”. URL https://www.rubitherm.eu/media /products/datasheets/Techdata_-RT55_EN_09102020.PDF. Accessed January 5, 2023.
• Gürbüz H, Ateş D, “A numerical study on processes of charge and discharge of latent heat energy storage system using RT27 paraffin wax for exhaust waste heat recovery in a SI engine”, International Journal of Automotive Science and Technology, 4 (4), 314-327, 2020.
• Ateş D, “CFD Analysis of Storage and Re-use by PCM of Exhaust Waste Heat Energy in an Internal Combustion Engine (in Turkish)”, Master thesis, Süleyman Demirel University, Graduate-School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Isparta, Turkey, 2019.