A Study on Herbage Yield and Quality of Different Ratios of Vetch (Vicia sp.) and Wheat (Triticum sp.)

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 34 - 37, 27.12.2024

Ömer Süha Uslu , Neziha Binici

Öz

Meeting Turkey's forage need is possible by improving the areas where natural forage is produced and increasing the area and yield of forage crops grown in field agriculture. Alternative production techniques should be investigated for increasing yield. A wide variety of mixed cropping practices are practiced using legumes and grasses. The aim is to obtain more quantity and better-quality fodder, thus reducing the cost of livestock enterprises. In order to obtain the expected benefit from mixed cropping, the sowing rates should be carefully adjusted. The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate mixture ratios by experimenting the mixed sowing of vetch and wheat, which is a valuable forage crop in Kahramanmaraş province located in the east of the Mediterranean Region, and to examine the hay yield and quality. The research was carried out in the experimental field of Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops in the winter production period of 2017-2018, according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. One mixture form (Wheat + Vetch) and five mixture ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100) were used. According to the results of the study, it was observed that the mixture ratio had statistically significant effects on plant height, green herbage yield, vetch ratio in green and dry herbage, total proportional yield, crude protein ratio and yield, NDF ratio and relative feed value. As the proportion of wheat among the seeds in the mixture increased, the green herbage yield increased in general, while the crude protein ratio decreased. The contribution rates of vetch mixtures to green and dry herbage yield were lower than those of seed mixtures. The results obtained showed that vetch + wheat mixed sowing practices yielded higher amounts of green and dry herbage the plain sowing practices in terms of herbage yield and quality in Kahramanmaraş province and in the conditions dominated by the typical Mediterranean climate. It was also observed that common vetch had superior characteristics than hungarian vetch in terms of proportional yield. As a result of the research, it was concluded that 75% wheat + 25% common vetch mixture is the most suitable mixture in terms of both herbage yield and quality and more functional use of ecological resources under the conditions of Kahramanmaraş province.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ADF and NDF ratio, wheat, vetch, mixture ratio, protein ratio, herbage quality

Destekleyen Kurum

Kahramanmaraş sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırmalar Proje Koordinasyon Birimi

Proje Numarası

2018/3-14 YLS

Kaynakça

• Açıkgöz E (2001). Forage Crops. Uludağ University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Publication No: 182, Bursa, 410p.
• Anlarsal, A.E. (1987). Studies on plant and agronomic characteristics and relationships between some common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) varieties in Çukurova conditions. PhD Thesis. Ç.Ü. Institute of Science, Department of Field Crops. Adana.
• Anlarsal AE, Ülgen AC, Gök M, Yücel C, Çakır B, Onaç I (1996). Determination of hay yields and nitrogen fixation of legumes in annual forage legume + corn production system in Çukurova and possibilities of reducing nitrogen use in corn production. 3rd Turkish Range-Pasture and Forage Crops Congress, 17-19 June, Erzurum, Turkey. 362-368.
• Anonymous (2013). TUIK Plant Production Statistics. https://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1001, (Access Date: October 09, 2018).
• Anonymous (2014). SAS V.9.3 User Guide, Copyright © 2014, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
• Anonymous (2018a). Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University. USKIM Soil analysis Results. Kahramanmaraş.
• Anonymous (2018b). Kahramanmaraş Province Meteorology Directorate Data. Kahramanmaraş.
• Arslan S (2012). Effect of Different Mixtures of Vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) on Yield and Quality. Master's Thesis, Selçuk University, Institute of Science, Field Crops Department.
• Avcıoğlu Ş, Avcıoğlu R (1982). A study on the yield and some other characteristics of common vetch + oat crops with different mixture ratios and cutting times. Journal of Aegean University Faculty of Agriculture 19(2): 123-136.
• Avcıoğlu, R., Soya, H., Geren, H. (2000). Studies on the yield and silage possibilities of some forage crops grown as winter second crops in the Aegean region. Ege University Science Research Project No: 1998-ZRF-042, Final Result Report, 72p.
• Bakoğlu A, Memiş A (2002). Determination of seed yield and some characteristics in mixtures of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) planted at different ratios. Journal of Science and Engineering Sciences of Fırat University 14(1): 29-35.
• Ball DM, Hovelend CS, Lacefield GD (1996). Forage Quality in Southern Forages. Potash & Phosphate Institute. Norcross, Georgia, pp 124-132.
• Bayram G, Çelik N (1999). Studies on the effects of mixture ratios and nitrogenous fertilizer on hay yield and quality in oat (Avena sativa L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) mixed crops. Turkish III. Field Crops Congress, 15-18 November, Adana, Turkey. Volume: 3, pp 53-58.
• Çaçan E, Yılmaz HŞ (2015). Effects of various Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz) + wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mixture ratios on hay yield and quality in Bingöl conditions. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences 2(3): 290-296.
• De Wit, C. T. Van Den Bergh, J. P. (1965). Competition between herbage plants. Neth. J. Agric. Sci., 13, 212–221.
• Geren, H., Avcıoğlu, R., Soya, H., Kır, B. (2007). Effect of corn (Zea mays L.) with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) intercropping on grain yield and some yield traits in second crop conditions. Journal of Ege University Faculty of Agriculture, 44(3), 27-41.
• Henning JC, Lacefield GD, Amaral-philips D (2000). Interpreting Forage Quality Reports. Cooperative Extension Service. ID-101
• İptaş S, Yılmaz M (1998). Effects of different hungarian vetch + barley mixture ratios grown in Tokat conditions on yield and quality. Anadolu J. of Agri 8(2): 106 – 114.
• Kaçar, B. (1972). Chemical analyses of plants and soil II. Plant analyses. Ankara University Press, Ankara, 646p.
• Korkmaz A, Gülser C, Manga İ, Sancak C (1993). Effects of planting system and cutting times on mineral content and quality of grass obtained from forage plants in Samsun region. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 17(1): 1069-1081.
• Kutlu, H.R. (2008). Methods of feed evaluation and analysis. Çukurova University Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Lecture Notes, Adana, 65p.
• Pekşen E, Gülümser A (1995). Importance of Mixed Cropping in Black Sea Region Agriculture and Usability of Some Legumes and Grasses in Mixed Cropping. Congress on New Techniques for the Development of Agriculture in the Black Sea Region, 10-11 January, Samsun, Turkey. pp. 307-315.
• Serin Y, Tan M, Öztürk N (1999). A study on the fertilization of vetch + wheat mixtures. 3rd Turkish Field Crops Congress, Volume III. Range Pasture Forage Crops Food Grain Legumes, 15-18 November, Adana, Turkey. pp. 47-52
• Sheaffer C.C., Peterson M.A., Mccalin M., Volene J.J., Cherney J.H., Johnson K.D., Woodward W.T. Viands D.R. (1995). Acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre concentration and relative feed value. North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference, Minneapolis.
• Tan M, Serin Y (1996). A study on the investigation of macronutrient element compositions of vetch + cereal mixtures at different mixing ratios and different cutting times in Erzurum irrigated conditions. 3rd Turkish Range Pasture and Forage Crops Congress, 17-19 June, Erzurum, Turkey.
• Tremblay M (1998). A Tool for Determining Alfalfa Quality. Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food. Saskatchewan.
• Van Soest, P.J. (1994). Nutritional ecology of the ruminant (2nd Ed.). Ithaca, N.Y. Cornell University Pres.
• Wilson J.R. (1993). Organization of Forage Plant Tissues., In H.G. Jung, D.R. Buxton, R.D. Hatfield, and J. Ralph, eds. Forage cell wall structure and digestibility. ASA-CSSA-SSSA, Madison, USA. p. 1- 32.
• Yağbasanlar, T. (1987). Studies on the main agronomic and quality traits of seven triticale cultivars of different origin grown at different planting dates in bottom and barren conditions of Çukurova. PhD Thesis. Çukurova University, Institute of Science, Department of Field Crops. Adana.
• Yolcu, H., Daşçı, M. and Tan, M. (2009). Determination of yield and some characteristics of forage pea + cereal mixtures planted at different rates. 8th Turkish Field Crops Congress, 19-22 October 2009, 846-849, Hatay.
• Yücel C, Avcı M, Kılıçalp N, Gültekin R (2012). Evaluation of some common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) lines in terms of hay yield and hay quality in Çukurova conditions. Anatolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 28(3): 134-140.