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Comparison of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Capacities of Hericium erinaceus (Lion's Mane) Mushroom Extracts Using Ultrasound-Assisted Sonication Technique

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 17 - 25, 23.06.2025

Aysel Gülbandılar , Nuray Çömlekçioğlu , Şeyda Mermer , Zennur Çiyanci , Mehmet Arici

Abstract

Mushrooms are important organisms due to their ability to produce different biological and chemical compounds. Hericium erinaceus is widely produced and consumed in many countries as an edible and medicinal mushroom due to its high protein and rich vitamin content. It is reported that this mushroom has many biological activities such as antimicrobial, inflammatory, and antioxidant due to its richness in bioactive compounds. Since traditional extraction techniques used to reveal these bioactive effects are time-consuming and costly, the use of new-generation techniques has been preferred recently. In this study, the effect of ultrasound-assisted sonication (sound waves), which is among the new generation extraction techniques, on the dried form of H. erinaceus mushroom samples was investigated. During the extraction of the samples, 80% ultrasonic amplitude degree and different durations (10 and 20 min) were selected as variable parameters. Using these parameters, the extracts obtained were evaluated for total phenolic content by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, antioxidant capacity by the DPPH method, and antimicrobial activity by the MIC (Minimal Inhibition Concentration) method. The effect of sonication time on MIC values of mushroom extracts was found to be insignificant. On the other hand, the difference between the MIC results of microorganism types was found to be significant (p<0.01). MIC values varied between 62.50 and 111.11 µg/ml. It was determined that H. erinaceus extracts had antimicrobial activity. It was found that total phenolic content varied between 0.395-0.455 mg GAE/100 g and % DPPH amounts varied between 0.510-0.574 %. The average dry matter content of the samples was determined as 99.96% and the average ash content as 5.62%. As a result of instrumental color analysis, the average was measured as L*=56.65, a*=9.31, b*=31.85. It was determined that the ultrasound-assisted sonication method was effective in the extraction of H. erinaceus mushroom samples.

Keywords

Hericium erinaceus antimicrobial activity sonication antioxidant effect

References

  • Abdulla, M. A., Suzita, M. N., Vikineswary, S., Noorlidah, A., Wong, K. H., Hapipah M. A. (2008). Effect of culinary-medicinal lion’s mane mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr.) Pers. (Aphyllophoromycetideae), on ethanolinduced gastric ulcers in rats. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 10: 325-330.
  • Açıkgöz, N., İlker, E., Gökçöl, A. (2004). Computerized evaluation of biological research. Ege University Seed Technology Application and Research Center, Publication, 2 (In Turkish).
  • Aliaño-González, M. J., Barea-Sepúlveda, M., Espada-Bellido, E., Ferreiro-González, M., López-Castillo, J. G., Palma, M., Carrera, C. (2022). Ultrasound-assisted extraction of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in mushrooms. Agronomy, 12(8), 1812.
  • Alkın, M., Söğüt, E. Seydim, A.C. (2021). Determination of Bioactive Properties of Different Edible Mushrooms from Turkey. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 15(4), 3608-3617.
  • Altıntaş, Ö. E. (2023). Evaluation of Nutritional Composition, Antioxidant Activities and Anti-cancer Effect of Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 13(4), 2622-2633.
  • Atila, F., Tuzel, Y., Fernández, J. A., Cano, A. F., Sen, F. (2018). The effect of some agro industrial wastes on yield, nutritional characteristics and antioxidant activities of Hericium erinaceus isolates. Scientia Horticulturae, 238, 246-254.
  • Azevedo, M. L., Gonçalves, C. L., Alves, A. M., Wille, C. N., Etges, A., da Silva Nascente, P. I., Lund, R. G. (2022). Aqueous extracts of Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus pulmonarius, and Pleurotus sajor-caju: Antifungal activity and inhibition of exoenzyme production by Candida albicans. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 16(10), 300-305.
  • Barros, L., Calhelha, R. C., Vaz, J. A., Ferreira, I. C., Baptista, P., Estevinho, L. M. (2007). Antimicrobial activity and bioactive compounds of Portuguese wild edible mushrooms methanolic extracts. European Food Research and Technology, 225(2), 151-156.
  • Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M. E., Berset, C. L. W. T. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food science and Technology, 28(1), 25-30.
  • Büyükkıdan, N., İlkimen, H., Bozyel, S., Sarı, M., Gülbandılar, A. (2022). Two new Cu (II) coordination complexes with 1, 2-bis (pyridin-4-yl) ethane bridge-ligand: Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity. Polyhedron, 223, 115951.
  • Chia, S. R., Chew, K. W., Leong, H. Y., Manickam, S., Show, P. L., Nguyen, T. H. P. (2020). Sonoprocessing-assisted solvent extraction for the recovery of pigment-protein complex from Spirulina platensis. Chemical Engineering Journal, 398, 125613.
  • Cohen, N., Cohen, J., Asatiani, M.,(2014) Chemical composition and nutritional and medicinal value of fruit bodies and submerged cultured mycelia of culinary-medicinal higher Basidiomycetes mushrooms. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 16(3): 273-91.
  • Darmasiwi, S., Aramsirirujiwet, Y., Kimkong, I. (2022). Antibiofilm activity and bioactive phenolic compounds of ethanol extract from the Hericium erinaceus basidiome. Journal of advanced pharmaceutical technology & research, 13(2), 111-116.
  • Doğan, N., Doğan, C. (2022). Determination of Physiochemical, Bioactive and Sensory Characteristics of Some Exotic Mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii,Hericium erinaceus). Mantar Dergisi, 13(1), 30-36.
  • Gallo, M., Ferrara, L., Naviglio, D. (2018). Application of ultrasound in food science and technology: A perspective. Foods, 7(10), 164.
  • Gupta, D. (2013). Comparative analysis of spices for their phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity. Am Int J Res in Formal Appl Nat Sci, 4: 38-42 p.
  • Kaya, M., Berktaş, S., Adanacıoğlu, N., Çam, M. (2021). Determination of Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity and Eritadenine Compound of Wild Mushrooms in Kayseri Region and Cultivated Medicinal Mushrooms. Gıda, 46(2), 376-395.
  • Khan, M. A., Tania, M., Liu, R., Rahman, M. M. (2013). Hericium erinaceus: an edible mushroom with medicinal values. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, 10(1), 253-258.
  • Kim, D. M., Pyun, C. W., Ko, H. G., Park, W. M. (2000). Isolation of antimicrobial substances from Hericium erinaceum. Mycobiology, 28(1), 33-38.
  • Kim, S. P., Kang, M. Y., Kim, J. H., Nam, S. H., Friedman, M. (2011). Composition and mechanism of antitumor effects of Hericium erinaceus mushroom extracts in tumor- bearing mice. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 59(18), 9861-9869.
  • Lianfu, Z., Zelong, L. (2008). Optimization and comparison of ultrasound/microwave assisted extraction (UMAE) and ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) of lycopene from tomatoes. Ultrasonics sonochemistry, 15(5), 731-737. 34.
  • Liu, J. H., Li, L., Shang, X. D., Zhang, J. L., Tan, Q. (2016). Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of bioactive components isolated from Hericium erinaceus. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 183, 54-58.
  • Ma, B. J., Shen, J. W., Yu, H. Y., Ruan, Y., Wu, T. T., Zhao, X. (2010). Hericenones and erinacines: stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF) biosynthesis in Hericium erinaceus. Mycology, 1(2), 92-98.
  • Mau, J.-L., Lin, H.-C. and Song, S.-F. (2002). Antioxidant properties of several specialty mushrooms. Food Research International, 35(6), 519-526.
  • Narmuratova, Z., Bisko, N., Mustafin, K., Al-Maali, G., Kerner, A., Bondaruk, S., Lomberg, M. (2023). Screening of medicinal mushroom strains with antimicrobial activity and polysaccharides production. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry, 48(3), 290-297.
  • Lefebvre, T., Destandau, E., Lesellier, E. (2021). Selective extraction of bioactive compounds from plants using recent extraction techniques: A review. Journal of Chromatography A, 1635, 461770.
  • Nimse, S. B., Pal, D. (2015). Free radicals, natural antioxidants, and their reaction mechanisms. The Royal Society of Chemistry Advances, 5(35), 27986-28006.
  • Öztürk, A., Çopur, Ö. U. (2009). Therapeutic Effects of Medicinal Mushrooms’compenents. Bahçe, 38(1), 19-24.
  • Dahlberg, A., Genney, D. R., Heilmann-Clausen, J. (2010). Developing a comprehensive strategy for fungal conservation in Europe: current status and future needs. Fungal Ecology, 3(2), 50-64.
  • Öztürk, N., Kaya, E. E. (2022). Nutritional Values and Health Effects of Popular Mushrooms. Gıda, 47(4), 539-563.
  • Ramkumar, L., Ramanathan, T., Thirunavukkarasu, P., Arivuselvan, N. (2010). Antioxidant and radical scavenging activity of nine edible mushroom extract. International Journal of Pharmacology, 6(6), 50-953.
  • Smania Jr, A., Monache, F. D., Loguercio-Leite, C., Smania, E. D. F. A., Gerber, A. L. (2001). Antimicrobial activity of basidiomycetes. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 3(2-3).
  • Suleiman, W. B., Shehata, R. M., Younis, A. M. (2022). In vitro assessment of multipotential therapeutic importance of Hericium erinaceus mushroom extracts using different solvents. Bioresources and Bioprocessing, 9(1), 99.
  • Sulejmani, E., Hayaloglu, A. A. (2016). Influence of curd heating on proteolysis and volatiles of Kashkaval cheese. Food chemistry, 211, 160-170.
  • Tavakoli, S., Hong, H., Wang, K., Yang, Q., Gahruie, H. H., Zhuang, S., Luo, Y. (2021). Ultrasonic-assisted food-grade solvent extraction of high-value added compounds from microalgae Spirulina platensis and evaluation of their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Algal Research, 60, 102493.
  • Valu, M. V., Soare, L. C., Sutan, N. A., Ducu, C., Moga, S., Hritcu, L., Carradori, S. (2020). Optimization of ultrasonic extraction to obtain erinacine and polyphenols with antioxidant activity from the fungal biomass of Hericium erinaceus. Foods, 9(12), 1889.
  • Wong, K. H., Sabaratnam, V., Abdullah, N., Kuppusamy, U. R., Naidu, M. (2009). Effects of cultivation techniques and processing on antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr.) Pers. extracts. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 47(1), 47-55.
  • Yan, J. K., Ding, Z. C., Gao, X., Wang, Y. Y., Yang, Y., Wu, D., Zhang, H. N. (2018). Comparative study of physicochemical properties and bioactivity of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides at different solvent extractions. Carbohydrate polymers, 193, 373-382.

Comparison of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Capacities of Hericium erinaceus (Lion's Mane) Mushroom Extracts Using Ultrasound-Assisted Sonication Technique

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 17 - 25, 23.06.2025

Aysel Gülbandılar , Nuray Çömlekçioğlu , Şeyda Mermer , Zennur Çiyanci , Mehmet Arici

Abstract

Mushrooms are important organisms due to their ability to produce different biological and chemical compounds. Hericium erinaceus is widely produced and consumed in many countries as an edible and medicinal mushroom due to its high protein and rich vitamin content. It is reported that this mushroom has many biological activities such as antimicrobial, inflammatory, and antioxidant due to its richness in bioactive compounds. Since traditional extraction techniques used to reveal these bioactive effects are time-consuming and costly, the use of new-generation techniques has been preferred recently. In this study, the effect of ultrasound-assisted sonication (sound waves), which is among the new generation extraction techniques, on the dried form of H. erinaceus mushroom samples was investigated. During the extraction of the samples, 80% ultrasonic amplitude degree and different durations (10 and 20 min) were selected as variable parameters. Using these parameters, the extracts obtained were evaluated for total phenolic content by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, antioxidant capacity by the DPPH method, and antimicrobial activity by the MIC (Minimal Inhibition Concentration) method. The effect of sonication time on MIC values of mushroom extracts was found to be insignificant. On the other hand, the difference between the MIC results of microorganism types was found to be significant (p<0.01). MIC values varied between 62.50 and 111.11 µg/ml. It was determined that H. erinaceus extracts had antimicrobial activity. It was found that total phenolic content varied between 0.395-0.455 mg GAE/100 g and % DPPH amounts varied between 0.510-0.574 %. The average dry matter content of the samples was determined as 99.96% and the average ash content as 5.62%. As a result of instrumental color analysis, the average was measured as L*=56.65, a*=9.31, b*=31.85. It was determined that the ultrasound-assisted sonication method was effective in the extraction of H. erinaceus mushroom samples.

Keywords

Hericium erinaceus antimicrobial activity sonication antioxidant effect

References

  • Abdulla, M. A., Suzita, M. N., Vikineswary, S., Noorlidah, A., Wong, K. H., Hapipah M. A. (2008). Effect of culinary-medicinal lion’s mane mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr.) Pers. (Aphyllophoromycetideae), on ethanolinduced gastric ulcers in rats. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 10: 325-330.
  • Açıkgöz, N., İlker, E., Gökçöl, A. (2004). Computerized evaluation of biological research. Ege University Seed Technology Application and Research Center, Publication, 2 (In Turkish).
  • Aliaño-González, M. J., Barea-Sepúlveda, M., Espada-Bellido, E., Ferreiro-González, M., López-Castillo, J. G., Palma, M., Carrera, C. (2022). Ultrasound-assisted extraction of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in mushrooms. Agronomy, 12(8), 1812.
  • Alkın, M., Söğüt, E. Seydim, A.C. (2021). Determination of Bioactive Properties of Different Edible Mushrooms from Turkey. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 15(4), 3608-3617.
  • Altıntaş, Ö. E. (2023). Evaluation of Nutritional Composition, Antioxidant Activities and Anti-cancer Effect of Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 13(4), 2622-2633.
  • Atila, F., Tuzel, Y., Fernández, J. A., Cano, A. F., Sen, F. (2018). The effect of some agro industrial wastes on yield, nutritional characteristics and antioxidant activities of Hericium erinaceus isolates. Scientia Horticulturae, 238, 246-254.
  • Azevedo, M. L., Gonçalves, C. L., Alves, A. M., Wille, C. N., Etges, A., da Silva Nascente, P. I., Lund, R. G. (2022). Aqueous extracts of Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus pulmonarius, and Pleurotus sajor-caju: Antifungal activity and inhibition of exoenzyme production by Candida albicans. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 16(10), 300-305.
  • Barros, L., Calhelha, R. C., Vaz, J. A., Ferreira, I. C., Baptista, P., Estevinho, L. M. (2007). Antimicrobial activity and bioactive compounds of Portuguese wild edible mushrooms methanolic extracts. European Food Research and Technology, 225(2), 151-156.
  • Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M. E., Berset, C. L. W. T. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food science and Technology, 28(1), 25-30.
  • Büyükkıdan, N., İlkimen, H., Bozyel, S., Sarı, M., Gülbandılar, A. (2022). Two new Cu (II) coordination complexes with 1, 2-bis (pyridin-4-yl) ethane bridge-ligand: Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity. Polyhedron, 223, 115951.
  • Chia, S. R., Chew, K. W., Leong, H. Y., Manickam, S., Show, P. L., Nguyen, T. H. P. (2020). Sonoprocessing-assisted solvent extraction for the recovery of pigment-protein complex from Spirulina platensis. Chemical Engineering Journal, 398, 125613.
  • Cohen, N., Cohen, J., Asatiani, M.,(2014) Chemical composition and nutritional and medicinal value of fruit bodies and submerged cultured mycelia of culinary-medicinal higher Basidiomycetes mushrooms. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 16(3): 273-91.
  • Darmasiwi, S., Aramsirirujiwet, Y., Kimkong, I. (2022). Antibiofilm activity and bioactive phenolic compounds of ethanol extract from the Hericium erinaceus basidiome. Journal of advanced pharmaceutical technology & research, 13(2), 111-116.
  • Doğan, N., Doğan, C. (2022). Determination of Physiochemical, Bioactive and Sensory Characteristics of Some Exotic Mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii,Hericium erinaceus). Mantar Dergisi, 13(1), 30-36.
  • Gallo, M., Ferrara, L., Naviglio, D. (2018). Application of ultrasound in food science and technology: A perspective. Foods, 7(10), 164.
  • Gupta, D. (2013). Comparative analysis of spices for their phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity. Am Int J Res in Formal Appl Nat Sci, 4: 38-42 p.
  • Kaya, M., Berktaş, S., Adanacıoğlu, N., Çam, M. (2021). Determination of Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity and Eritadenine Compound of Wild Mushrooms in Kayseri Region and Cultivated Medicinal Mushrooms. Gıda, 46(2), 376-395.
  • Khan, M. A., Tania, M., Liu, R., Rahman, M. M. (2013). Hericium erinaceus: an edible mushroom with medicinal values. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, 10(1), 253-258.
  • Kim, D. M., Pyun, C. W., Ko, H. G., Park, W. M. (2000). Isolation of antimicrobial substances from Hericium erinaceum. Mycobiology, 28(1), 33-38.
  • Kim, S. P., Kang, M. Y., Kim, J. H., Nam, S. H., Friedman, M. (2011). Composition and mechanism of antitumor effects of Hericium erinaceus mushroom extracts in tumor- bearing mice. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 59(18), 9861-9869.
  • Lianfu, Z., Zelong, L. (2008). Optimization and comparison of ultrasound/microwave assisted extraction (UMAE) and ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) of lycopene from tomatoes. Ultrasonics sonochemistry, 15(5), 731-737. 34.
  • Liu, J. H., Li, L., Shang, X. D., Zhang, J. L., Tan, Q. (2016). Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of bioactive components isolated from Hericium erinaceus. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 183, 54-58.
  • Ma, B. J., Shen, J. W., Yu, H. Y., Ruan, Y., Wu, T. T., Zhao, X. (2010). Hericenones and erinacines: stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF) biosynthesis in Hericium erinaceus. Mycology, 1(2), 92-98.
  • Mau, J.-L., Lin, H.-C. and Song, S.-F. (2002). Antioxidant properties of several specialty mushrooms. Food Research International, 35(6), 519-526.
  • Narmuratova, Z., Bisko, N., Mustafin, K., Al-Maali, G., Kerner, A., Bondaruk, S., Lomberg, M. (2023). Screening of medicinal mushroom strains with antimicrobial activity and polysaccharides production. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry, 48(3), 290-297.
  • Lefebvre, T., Destandau, E., Lesellier, E. (2021). Selective extraction of bioactive compounds from plants using recent extraction techniques: A review. Journal of Chromatography A, 1635, 461770.
  • Nimse, S. B., Pal, D. (2015). Free radicals, natural antioxidants, and their reaction mechanisms. The Royal Society of Chemistry Advances, 5(35), 27986-28006.
  • Öztürk, A., Çopur, Ö. U. (2009). Therapeutic Effects of Medicinal Mushrooms’compenents. Bahçe, 38(1), 19-24.
  • Dahlberg, A., Genney, D. R., Heilmann-Clausen, J. (2010). Developing a comprehensive strategy for fungal conservation in Europe: current status and future needs. Fungal Ecology, 3(2), 50-64.
  • Öztürk, N., Kaya, E. E. (2022). Nutritional Values and Health Effects of Popular Mushrooms. Gıda, 47(4), 539-563.
  • Ramkumar, L., Ramanathan, T., Thirunavukkarasu, P., Arivuselvan, N. (2010). Antioxidant and radical scavenging activity of nine edible mushroom extract. International Journal of Pharmacology, 6(6), 50-953.
  • Smania Jr, A., Monache, F. D., Loguercio-Leite, C., Smania, E. D. F. A., Gerber, A. L. (2001). Antimicrobial activity of basidiomycetes. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 3(2-3).
  • Suleiman, W. B., Shehata, R. M., Younis, A. M. (2022). In vitro assessment of multipotential therapeutic importance of Hericium erinaceus mushroom extracts using different solvents. Bioresources and Bioprocessing, 9(1), 99.
  • Sulejmani, E., Hayaloglu, A. A. (2016). Influence of curd heating on proteolysis and volatiles of Kashkaval cheese. Food chemistry, 211, 160-170.
  • Tavakoli, S., Hong, H., Wang, K., Yang, Q., Gahruie, H. H., Zhuang, S., Luo, Y. (2021). Ultrasonic-assisted food-grade solvent extraction of high-value added compounds from microalgae Spirulina platensis and evaluation of their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Algal Research, 60, 102493.
  • Valu, M. V., Soare, L. C., Sutan, N. A., Ducu, C., Moga, S., Hritcu, L., Carradori, S. (2020). Optimization of ultrasonic extraction to obtain erinacine and polyphenols with antioxidant activity from the fungal biomass of Hericium erinaceus. Foods, 9(12), 1889.
  • Wong, K. H., Sabaratnam, V., Abdullah, N., Kuppusamy, U. R., Naidu, M. (2009). Effects of cultivation techniques and processing on antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr.) Pers. extracts. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 47(1), 47-55.
  • Yan, J. K., Ding, Z. C., Gao, X., Wang, Y. Y., Yang, Y., Wu, D., Zhang, H. N. (2018). Comparative study of physicochemical properties and bioactivity of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides at different solvent extractions. Carbohydrate polymers, 193, 373-382.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Vegetable Growing and Treatment
Journal Section Original Papers
Authors

Aysel Gülbandılar 0000-0001-9075-9923

Nuray Çömlekçioğlu 0000-0001-7189-613X

Şeyda Mermer 0009-0008-7118-8414

Zennur Çiyanci 0009-0000-2811-848X

Mehmet Arici 0009-0005-7759-7356

Early Pub Date May 8, 2025
Publication Date June 23, 2025
Submission Date March 17, 2025
Acceptance Date April 14, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Gülbandılar, A., Çömlekçioğlu, N., Mermer, Ş., Çiyanci, Z., et al. (2025). Comparison of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Capacities of Hericium erinaceus (Lion’s Mane) Mushroom Extracts Using Ultrasound-Assisted Sonication Technique. International Journal of Agriculture Forestry and Life Sciences, 9(1), 17-25.
AMA Gülbandılar A, Çömlekçioğlu N, Mermer Ş, Çiyanci Z, Arici M. Comparison of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Capacities of Hericium erinaceus (Lion’s Mane) Mushroom Extracts Using Ultrasound-Assisted Sonication Technique. Int J Agric For Life Sci. June 2025;9(1):17-25.
Chicago Gülbandılar, Aysel, Nuray Çömlekçioğlu, Şeyda Mermer, Zennur Çiyanci, and Mehmet Arici. “Comparison of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Capacities of Hericium Erinaceus (Lion’s Mane) Mushroom Extracts Using Ultrasound-Assisted Sonication Technique”. International Journal of Agriculture Forestry and Life Sciences 9, no. 1 (June 2025): 17-25.
EndNote Gülbandılar A, Çömlekçioğlu N, Mermer Ş, Çiyanci Z, Arici M (June 1, 2025) Comparison of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Capacities of Hericium erinaceus (Lion’s Mane) Mushroom Extracts Using Ultrasound-Assisted Sonication Technique. International Journal of Agriculture Forestry and Life Sciences 9 1 17–25.
IEEE A. Gülbandılar, N. Çömlekçioğlu, Ş. Mermer, Z. Çiyanci, and M. Arici, “Comparison of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Capacities of Hericium erinaceus (Lion’s Mane) Mushroom Extracts Using Ultrasound-Assisted Sonication Technique”, Int J Agric For Life Sci, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 17–25, 2025.
ISNAD Gülbandılar, Aysel et al. “Comparison of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Capacities of Hericium Erinaceus (Lion’s Mane) Mushroom Extracts Using Ultrasound-Assisted Sonication Technique”. International Journal of Agriculture Forestry and Life Sciences 9/1 (June 2025), 17-25.
JAMA Gülbandılar A, Çömlekçioğlu N, Mermer Ş, Çiyanci Z, Arici M. Comparison of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Capacities of Hericium erinaceus (Lion’s Mane) Mushroom Extracts Using Ultrasound-Assisted Sonication Technique. Int J Agric For Life Sci. 2025;9:17–25.
MLA Gülbandılar, Aysel et al. “Comparison of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Capacities of Hericium Erinaceus (Lion’s Mane) Mushroom Extracts Using Ultrasound-Assisted Sonication Technique”. International Journal of Agriculture Forestry and Life Sciences, vol. 9, no. 1, 2025, pp. 17-25.
Vancouver Gülbandılar A, Çömlekçioğlu N, Mermer Ş, Çiyanci Z, Arici M. Comparison of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Capacities of Hericium erinaceus (Lion’s Mane) Mushroom Extracts Using Ultrasound-Assisted Sonication Technique. Int J Agric For Life Sci. 2025;9(1):17-25.
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