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DÖNÜŞEN DÜNYA DÜZENİNDE “BRICS” ve TÜRKİYE’YE ETKİSİ

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 7, 47 - 62, 31.01.2019

Abstract

Soğuk Savaş sonrası dünya siyasi ve ekonomi yönetiminde önemli değişimler

yaşanmıştır. Özellikle küresel jeopolitiğin ağırlık merkezinin Asya-Pasifik’e kaymakta

olduğu bir süreçte BRICS oluşumu değişen dünya ekonomik ve siyasi yapısına paralel

olarak etkisini artırma arayışını sürdürmektedir. Bu süreçte ABD tarafından oluşturulan

ekonomik sistemin yine ABD eliyle yıpratılması BRICS’in öneminin daha fazla artmasını

sağlarken, yıllardan beri devam eden BRICS ülkelerinin ekonomik olarak yükselişi yeni

uluslararası finansal kuruluşların kurulmasına yol açmaktadır. Böylesi bir ortamda BRICS

tarzı daha kompakt yapılar küresel yönetişimin etkisiz kaldığı alanları doldurmaya

çalışmaktadır. 2018 BRICS zirvesi bu olgunun önemli bir göstergesi olarak karşımıza

çıkmaktadır. Batı ülkeleri ile ilişkilerinde yeni bir alan açmak isteyen Türkiye ekonomik ve

siyasi alternatiflerini çeşitlendirmek istemektedir. Bu makale yeni dünya düzeninde BRICS

oluşumunu, dünya ekonomik ve siyasi sistemine etkisi, gelişmekte olan ülkeler açısından

anlamı ve Türkiye’nin BRICS ile kurmaya çalıştığı ilişkiyi incelemektedir.

References

  • “8th BRICS Summit: Terrorism, Economic Cooperation to Dominate Agenda”, (2016). New Indian Express, 15 Ekim.“BRICS 10th Summit: Here’s What The Five Countries Are Looking For”, (2018), Sunday Times, 26 Temmuz.“BRICS Liderler Zirvesi Sona Erdi”, (2017). Sputnik Türkiye, 5 Eylül.“Chinese Investment in Africa could Create National Economies 'Entirely Dependent on China', Say Experts”, (2018). The Independent, 15 Mayıs.“Erdoğan’dan BRICS’e Derecelendirme Kuruluşu Önerisi”, (2018). BusinessHT, 27 Temmuz.“Kredi Derecelendirme Kuruluşları”, 2016’da Türkiye”, (2016). SETA Yayınları.“NATO Summit Live Updates: Trump Pushes Allies to Increase Spending”, (2018). The New York Times, 11 Temmuz.Abdenur, A. (2016). “Rising Powers and International Security: the BRICS and the Syrian Conflict“, Rising Powers Quarterly, 1(1), s. 109-133.Brazil Ministry of Foreign Affairs (BMFA), (2018). “Information About BRICS”, http://brics.itamaraty.gov.br/about-brics/information-about-brics , (28.07.2018).BRICS 2017 China, (2017). “Brief Introduction of Previous BRICS Summits”, https://www.brics2017.org/English/AboutBRICS/previousSummits/ , (1.08.2018).BRICS 2018, (2018). “Previous Summits”, http://www.brics2018.org.za/previous-summits , (7.09.2018).Chang, M., Hu, J. ve Chu, H. (2018). “Resource Efficiency and Productivity Changes in the G7 and BRICS Nations” Pol. J. Environ. Studies, 27(6), s. 2463-2474.China Institute of International Studies, (2018). “The BRICS Mechanism: Growing in Maturity”, http://www.ciis.org.cn/english/2018-01/02/content_40128382.htm , (28.07.2018).Dal, E. (2018), “10. Güney Afrika BRICS Zirvesi, BRICS Plus ve Türkiye” Anadolu Ajansı, 26 Temmuz.Dilek, Ş. (2018). “The Rise of Asia Against the Weakened Western Alliance”, The New Turkey, 28 June.Dinç, C. ve Yetim, M. (2011). Türk Dış Politikasında Eksen Kayması Tartışması, Ortadoğu’ya Açılım, Gazze ve İran Konularına Diplomasi ve Köşe Yazarlarının Bakışı”, (Ed.) Erol, M. Türk Dış Politikasında Strateji Arayışları, Barış Kitapevi, Ankara.Erdem, M. (2016). “BRICS Koşullu İhtiyat-Fonu Düzenlemesi: Hukuksal ve Kurumsal İnceleme”, İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(1), s. 295-350.Export-Import Bank of India, (2016) “Intra-BRICS Trade: An Indian Perspectıve”, https://www.eximbankindia.in/Assets/Dynamic/PDF/Publication-Resources/ResearchPapers/80file.pdf , (13.10.2018).Flanders, S. (2011). “The Global Financial Crisis and The BRICS”, BBC, 21 Kasım.Garrie, A. (2018). The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and BRICS Should Combine to Form a Single Cohesive Group”, , https://www.eurasiafuture.com/2018/06/07/the-shanghai-cooperation-organisation-and-brics-should-combine-to-form-a-single-cohesive-group/ , (30.07.2018).Gilpin, R. (1987). The Polical Economy of International Relations, Riınceton Universıity Press, New Jersey.Gladun, E. (2018). “The BRICS: A Major Participant in the Multipolar World Order”, 5 BRICS Law Journal, 5(1), s.169-177.Gumede, W. (2014). “The Brics Development Bank can Release Africa from World Bank Tyranny”, The Guardian, 17 Temmuz.Gür, N. (2015). “G20 ve Küresel Finans Yönetişimi”, SETA Analiz, Sayı: 129, Hawsworth, J. ve Chan, D. (2015), “The World in 2050 Will The Shift in Global Economic Power Continue”, PWC, Londra.Houlton, S. (2009). “First BRIC Summit Concludes”, DW, 16 Haziran .IMF, (2018). “IMF Members Quotas and Voting Power, and IMF Board of Governors”, htt.p://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/memdir/members.aspx , (1.09.2018).India Ministry of External Affairs (IMEA), (2013). “5th BRICS Summit - eThekwini Declaration and Action Plan”, http://www.mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/21482 , (1.08.2018).IPEA, (2014). “Learn About BRICS”, http://www.ipea.gov.br/forumbrics/en/learn-about-brics.html , (28.07.2018).Mckinley, T. (2018). “BRICS to Play a Leading Role in Driving Future Global Economic Growth”, https://www.ineteconomics.org/perspectives/blog/brics-to-play-a-leading-role-in-driving-future-global-economic-growth , (28.07.2018).NDTV, (2018). “Highlights of Fourth BRICS Summit”, https://www.ndtv.com/business/highlights-of-fourth-brics-summit-300845 , (1.08.2018).New Development Bank (NDB), (2018). “About Us”, https://www.ndb.int/about-us/essence/history/, (1.08.2018).PWC, (2017). “The Long View How Will The Global Economic Order Change by 2050”, https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/world-2050/assets/pwc-world-in-2050-summary-report-feb-2017.pdf , (18.07.2018).Stiglitz, E.J. (2002). “Küreselleşme Büyük Hayal Kırıklığı”, (Çev. Arzu Taşçıoğlu-Deniz Vural), Plan B Yayınları, İstanbul.Stuenkel, O. (2010). “Looking Back: The 2nd BRIC Summit in Brasília in 2010”, http://www.postwesternworld.com/2014/06/15/looking-summit-brasilia/ , (18.07.2018).Summers, T. (2016). “Thinking Inside the Box: China and Global/ Regional Governances” Rising Powers Quarterly, 1(1), s. 23-31.T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı, (2018). “Türkiye’nin Kalkınma İşbirliği: Genel Özellikleri Ve En Az Gelişmiş Ülkelere Yönelik Yaklaşımı”, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiyenin-kalkinma-isbirligi.tr.mfa , (29.07.2018).University of Toronto, (2011). “Sanya Declaration”, http://www.brics.utoronto.ca/docs/110414-leaders.html , (1.08.2018).University of Toronto, (2014). “VII BRICS Summit Ufa Declaration”, http://www.brics.utoronto.ca/docs/150709-ufa-declaration_en.pdf, (1.09.2018).Ünay, S. ve Kayıkçı, F. (2013). “Çok-Kutuplu Küresel Ekonomik Düzen ve BRICS: Kriz sonrası Ekonomik Dönüşüm”, (Ed.) Şenses, F., Öniş, Z. Ve Bakır, C., Ülke Deneyimleri Işığında Küresel Kriz ve Yeni Ekonomik Düzen, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul.Wouters, J. ve Kerckhoven, S. (2018). “A European Perspective on the G20 and the BRICS”, International Organisations Research Journal, 13(2), s. 60–75. Zhao, S. (2016). “China as a Rising Power Versus the US-led World Order”, Rising Powers Quarterly, 1(1), s. 13-21.Zhongying, P., Ruiping W. (2013). “China's Strategic Response to Global Governance”, 41 China Int'l Stud. s.129-146.

BRICS IN A CHANGING WORLD ORDER AND ITS EFFECT ON TURKEY

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 7, 47 - 62, 31.01.2019

Abstract

There have been significant changes in world political and

economic management in the Post-Cold War period. Especially in a process where the

center of gravity of global geopolitics is shifting to Asia-Pacific, BRICS continues to seek

to increase its impact in parallel with the changing world economic and political

structure. In this process, the deterioration of the US-led economic system by the US itself

has increased the importance of the BRICS. The economic growth of BRICS countries for

years also paves the way for the establishment of new international financial institutions.

In such an economic environment, BRICS-style compact structures try to fill areas where

global governance is ineffective. 2018 BRICS Summit is a significant indicator of this

phenomenon. Turkey, a country aims to open a new field in its relations with Western

countries, wants to diversify its economic and political alternatives. This study examines

the BRICS formation of the new world order, its effect on the world economic and

political system, its importance for the developing countries, and Turkey's attempts to

establish a relationship with BRICS.

References

  • “8th BRICS Summit: Terrorism, Economic Cooperation to Dominate Agenda”, (2016). New Indian Express, 15 Ekim.“BRICS 10th Summit: Here’s What The Five Countries Are Looking For”, (2018), Sunday Times, 26 Temmuz.“BRICS Liderler Zirvesi Sona Erdi”, (2017). Sputnik Türkiye, 5 Eylül.“Chinese Investment in Africa could Create National Economies 'Entirely Dependent on China', Say Experts”, (2018). The Independent, 15 Mayıs.“Erdoğan’dan BRICS’e Derecelendirme Kuruluşu Önerisi”, (2018). BusinessHT, 27 Temmuz.“Kredi Derecelendirme Kuruluşları”, 2016’da Türkiye”, (2016). SETA Yayınları.“NATO Summit Live Updates: Trump Pushes Allies to Increase Spending”, (2018). The New York Times, 11 Temmuz.Abdenur, A. (2016). “Rising Powers and International Security: the BRICS and the Syrian Conflict“, Rising Powers Quarterly, 1(1), s. 109-133.Brazil Ministry of Foreign Affairs (BMFA), (2018). “Information About BRICS”, http://brics.itamaraty.gov.br/about-brics/information-about-brics , (28.07.2018).BRICS 2017 China, (2017). “Brief Introduction of Previous BRICS Summits”, https://www.brics2017.org/English/AboutBRICS/previousSummits/ , (1.08.2018).BRICS 2018, (2018). “Previous Summits”, http://www.brics2018.org.za/previous-summits , (7.09.2018).Chang, M., Hu, J. ve Chu, H. (2018). “Resource Efficiency and Productivity Changes in the G7 and BRICS Nations” Pol. J. Environ. Studies, 27(6), s. 2463-2474.China Institute of International Studies, (2018). “The BRICS Mechanism: Growing in Maturity”, http://www.ciis.org.cn/english/2018-01/02/content_40128382.htm , (28.07.2018).Dal, E. (2018), “10. Güney Afrika BRICS Zirvesi, BRICS Plus ve Türkiye” Anadolu Ajansı, 26 Temmuz.Dilek, Ş. (2018). “The Rise of Asia Against the Weakened Western Alliance”, The New Turkey, 28 June.Dinç, C. ve Yetim, M. (2011). Türk Dış Politikasında Eksen Kayması Tartışması, Ortadoğu’ya Açılım, Gazze ve İran Konularına Diplomasi ve Köşe Yazarlarının Bakışı”, (Ed.) Erol, M. Türk Dış Politikasında Strateji Arayışları, Barış Kitapevi, Ankara.Erdem, M. (2016). “BRICS Koşullu İhtiyat-Fonu Düzenlemesi: Hukuksal ve Kurumsal İnceleme”, İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(1), s. 295-350.Export-Import Bank of India, (2016) “Intra-BRICS Trade: An Indian Perspectıve”, https://www.eximbankindia.in/Assets/Dynamic/PDF/Publication-Resources/ResearchPapers/80file.pdf , (13.10.2018).Flanders, S. (2011). “The Global Financial Crisis and The BRICS”, BBC, 21 Kasım.Garrie, A. (2018). The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and BRICS Should Combine to Form a Single Cohesive Group”, , https://www.eurasiafuture.com/2018/06/07/the-shanghai-cooperation-organisation-and-brics-should-combine-to-form-a-single-cohesive-group/ , (30.07.2018).Gilpin, R. (1987). The Polical Economy of International Relations, Riınceton Universıity Press, New Jersey.Gladun, E. (2018). “The BRICS: A Major Participant in the Multipolar World Order”, 5 BRICS Law Journal, 5(1), s.169-177.Gumede, W. (2014). “The Brics Development Bank can Release Africa from World Bank Tyranny”, The Guardian, 17 Temmuz.Gür, N. (2015). “G20 ve Küresel Finans Yönetişimi”, SETA Analiz, Sayı: 129, Hawsworth, J. ve Chan, D. (2015), “The World in 2050 Will The Shift in Global Economic Power Continue”, PWC, Londra.Houlton, S. (2009). “First BRIC Summit Concludes”, DW, 16 Haziran .IMF, (2018). “IMF Members Quotas and Voting Power, and IMF Board of Governors”, htt.p://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/memdir/members.aspx , (1.09.2018).India Ministry of External Affairs (IMEA), (2013). “5th BRICS Summit - eThekwini Declaration and Action Plan”, http://www.mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/21482 , (1.08.2018).IPEA, (2014). “Learn About BRICS”, http://www.ipea.gov.br/forumbrics/en/learn-about-brics.html , (28.07.2018).Mckinley, T. (2018). “BRICS to Play a Leading Role in Driving Future Global Economic Growth”, https://www.ineteconomics.org/perspectives/blog/brics-to-play-a-leading-role-in-driving-future-global-economic-growth , (28.07.2018).NDTV, (2018). “Highlights of Fourth BRICS Summit”, https://www.ndtv.com/business/highlights-of-fourth-brics-summit-300845 , (1.08.2018).New Development Bank (NDB), (2018). “About Us”, https://www.ndb.int/about-us/essence/history/, (1.08.2018).PWC, (2017). “The Long View How Will The Global Economic Order Change by 2050”, https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/world-2050/assets/pwc-world-in-2050-summary-report-feb-2017.pdf , (18.07.2018).Stiglitz, E.J. (2002). “Küreselleşme Büyük Hayal Kırıklığı”, (Çev. Arzu Taşçıoğlu-Deniz Vural), Plan B Yayınları, İstanbul.Stuenkel, O. (2010). “Looking Back: The 2nd BRIC Summit in Brasília in 2010”, http://www.postwesternworld.com/2014/06/15/looking-summit-brasilia/ , (18.07.2018).Summers, T. (2016). “Thinking Inside the Box: China and Global/ Regional Governances” Rising Powers Quarterly, 1(1), s. 23-31.T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı, (2018). “Türkiye’nin Kalkınma İşbirliği: Genel Özellikleri Ve En Az Gelişmiş Ülkelere Yönelik Yaklaşımı”, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiyenin-kalkinma-isbirligi.tr.mfa , (29.07.2018).University of Toronto, (2011). “Sanya Declaration”, http://www.brics.utoronto.ca/docs/110414-leaders.html , (1.08.2018).University of Toronto, (2014). “VII BRICS Summit Ufa Declaration”, http://www.brics.utoronto.ca/docs/150709-ufa-declaration_en.pdf, (1.09.2018).Ünay, S. ve Kayıkçı, F. (2013). “Çok-Kutuplu Küresel Ekonomik Düzen ve BRICS: Kriz sonrası Ekonomik Dönüşüm”, (Ed.) Şenses, F., Öniş, Z. Ve Bakır, C., Ülke Deneyimleri Işığında Küresel Kriz ve Yeni Ekonomik Düzen, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul.Wouters, J. ve Kerckhoven, S. (2018). “A European Perspective on the G20 and the BRICS”, International Organisations Research Journal, 13(2), s. 60–75. Zhao, S. (2016). “China as a Rising Power Versus the US-led World Order”, Rising Powers Quarterly, 1(1), s. 13-21.Zhongying, P., Ruiping W. (2013). “China's Strategic Response to Global Governance”, 41 China Int'l Stud. s.129-146.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Deniz İstikbal 0000-0002-1968-0224

Şerif Dilek 0000-0002-3132-6973

Merve Yanartaş 0000-0001-9676-5128

Publication Date January 31, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 4 Issue: 7

Cite

APA İstikbal, D., Dilek, Ş., & Yanartaş, M. (2019). DÖNÜŞEN DÜNYA DÜZENİNDE “BRICS” ve TÜRKİYE’YE ETKİSİ. Uluslararası Afro-Avrasya Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(7), 47-62.

Journal of Afro-Eurasian Research (IJAR) is an International refereed journal and published biannually.Authors are responsible for the content and linguistic of their articles. Articles published here could not be used without referring to the Journal. The opinions in the articles published belong to the authors only and do not reflect those of International Journal of Afro-Eurasian ResearchAll rights reserved.