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Evaluation of the Possible Effects of Varying the Volumetric Ratio of Lpg on the Spark Ignition Engine's Performance, Emissions, and Combustion

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 273 - 278, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1491371

Abstract

This study investigated the performance, emission reactions, and combustion of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) at various volumetric ratios with gasoline. The experiments were carried out on a single cylinder spark ignition (SI) engine at different engine loads (500 to 3000 W). In general, the use of LPG has a negative effect on performance and combustion, while making a positive contribution to emissions. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) values closest to 100% gasoline were obtained with 25% LPG and were lower by 0.36% and 4.55%, respectively. Conversely, using LPG resulted in lower emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbons (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO). The lowest emissions were obtained with the use of 100% LPG as 0.5%, 65 ppm and 9.5%, respectively. Compared to 100% gasoline, 20.63%, 27.78% and 5.19% improvements were achieved. Finally, the cylinder gas pressure value was negatively affected using LPG. Compared to 100% gasoline, the gas pressure value obtained with 75% LPG content fuel was 7.81% lower. It has been concluded that LPG is an environmentally friendly alternative fuel in terms of emissions, and considering the decrease in performance values, 25% LPG can be used successfully in SI engines instead of 100% LPG.

References

  • [1] Sun, C.S., Liu, Y., Qiao, X., Ju, D., Tang, Q., Fang, X., Zhou F. Experimental study of effects of exhaust gas recirculation on combustion, performance, and emissions of DME-biodiesel fueled engine. Energy. 2020;197:1172333.
  • [2] Uyumaz A. Experimental Research With Diethyl Ether on Engine Performance and Emissions in a Spark Ignition Engine. International Journal of Automotive Science and Technology. 2023;7(3):167-74.
  • [3] Gupta SK, Subramanian KA. Analysis of combustion and cycle to cycle variations of an ethanol (E100) fueled spark-ignition engine. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology. 2022; 6(1):68-74.
  • [4] Sarma, C.J., Sharma, P., Bora, B.J., Bora, D.K., Senthilkumar, N., Balakrishnan, D., Ayesh, A.I. Improving the combustion and emission performance of a diesel engine powered with mahua biodiesel and TiO2 nanoparticles additive. Alexandria Eng J. 2023;72:387–98.
  • [5] JChaudhary N, Subramanian KA. Experimental Investigation of Combustion Characteristics of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Methanol-Gasoline Blends (M15 and M85). International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology. 2022; 6(1):54-60.
  • [6] Uslu, S., Maki, D.F., Al-Gburi, A.S.K. Synthesis of spirulina microalgae biodiesel, and experimental research of its effects on compression ignition engine responses with iron II-III oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticle supplementation. Energy Convers Manag. 2023;293:117457.
  • [7] Uyumaz A, Kilmen AB, Kaş M. An experimental study of the influences of lacquer thinner addition to gasoline on performance and emissions of a spark ignition engine. Engineering Perspective. 2024; 4(2):54-59.
  • [8] Aktaş F. A 0/1-Dimensional Numerical Analysis of Performance and Emission Characteristics of the Conversion of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine to Spark-Ignition Natural Gas Engine. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology. 2022;6(1):1-8.
  • [9] Arabacı E, Öztürk Ş, Halis S. Simulation of the effects of valve timing misalignment on performance in spark ignition engines. Eng Perspect. 2024 ;4(2):47-53.
  • [10] Simsek, S., Uslu, S., Simsek, H., Uslu, G. Multi-objective-optimization of process parameters of diesel engine fueled with biodiesel/2-ethylhexyl nitrate by using Taguchi method. Energy. 2021;231:120866.
  • [11]Gurusamy, M. and Subramanian B. Study of PCCI engine operating on pine oil diesel blend (P50) with benzyl alcohol and diethyl ether. Fuel. 2023;335:127121.
  • [12]Vikneswaran, M., Saravanan, C.G., Sasikala, J., Ramesh, P., Varuvel EG. Combustion analysis of higher order alcohols blended gasoline in a spark ignition engine using endoscopic visualization technique. Fuel. 2022;322:124134.
  • [13]Chetia, B., Debbarma, S., Das, B. An experimental investigation of hydrogen-enriched and nanoparticle blended waste cooking biodiesel on diesel engine. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2023;In Press.
  • [14]Synák, F., Čulík, K., Rievaj, V., Gaňa, J. Liquefied petroleum gas as an alternative fuel. Transp Res Procedia. 2019;40:527–34.
  • [15] Gong, C., Liu, Z., Su, H., Chen, Y., Li, J., Liu, F. Effect of injection strategy on cold start firing, combustion and emissions of a LPG/methanol dual-fuel spark-ignition engine. Energy. 2019;178:126–33.
  • [16] Duc, K. N., Duy, V. N. Study on performance enhancement and emission reduction of used fuel-injected motorcycles using bi-fuel gasoline-LPG. Energy Sustain Dev. 2018;43:60–7.
  • [17] Simsek, S. and Uslu, S. Investigation of the impacts of gasoline, biogas and LPG fuels on engine performance and exhaust emissions in different throttle positions on SI engine. Fuel. 2020;279:118528.
  • [18]. Ravi, K., Bhasker, P., Porpatham, E. Effect of compression ratio and hydrogen addition on part throttle performance of a LPG fuelled lean burn spark ignition engine. Fuel. 2017;205:71–9.
  • [19]. Ozcan, H., Yamin, J. A. A. Performance and emission characteristics of LPG powered four stroke SI engine under variable stroke length and compression ratio. Energy Convers Manag. 2008;49(5):1193–201.
  • [20]Lee, S., Oh, S., Choi, Y., Kang, K. Effect of n-Butane and propane on performance and emission characteristics of an SI engine operated with DME-blended LPG fuel. Fuel. 2011;90(4):1674–80.
  • [21]Sulaiman, M. Y., Ayob, M. R:, Meran, I. Performance of Single Cylinder Spark Ignition Engine Fueled by LPG. Procedia Eng. 2013;53:579–85.
  • [22]Krishna, V. M., Reddy, A. H., Kumar, M. S., Raghu, A. Effect of hydroxy gas addition on performance and exhaust emissions in variable compression spark ignition engine. Mater Today Proc. 2020;24(2):930–6.
  • [23]Chitragar, P. R., Shivaprasad, K. V., Nayak, V., Bedar, P., Kumar, G. N. An Experimental Study on Combustion and Emission Analysis of Four Cylinder 4-Stroke Gasoline Engine Using Pure Hydrogen and LPG at Idle Condition. Energy Procedia. 2016;90:525–34.
  • [24]. Kacem, S. H., Jemni, M. A., Driss, Z., Abid, M. S. The effect of H2 enrichment on in-cylinder flow behavior, engine performances and exhaust emissions: Case of LPG-hydrogen engine. Appl Energy. 2016;179:961–71.
  • [25]Gumus M. Effects of volumetric efficiency on the performance and emissions characteristics of a dual fueled (gasoline and LPG) spark ignition engine. Fuel Process Technol. 2011;92(10):1862–7.
  • [26] Murillo, S., Miguez, J. L., Porteiro, J., Gonzalez, L. M. L., Granada, E., Moran, J. C. LPG: Pollutant emission and performance enhancement for spark-ignition four strokes outboard engines. Appl Therm Eng. 2005;25(13):1882–93.
  • [27] Kim, K., Kim, J., Oh, S., Kim, C., Lee, Y. Lower particulate matter emissions with a stoichiometric LPG direct injection engine. Fuel. 2017;187:197–210.
  • [28] Kim, K., Kim, J., Oh, S., kim, C., Lee, Y. Evaluation of injection and ignition schemes for the ultra-lean combustion direct-injection LPG engine to control particulate emissions. Appl Energy. 2017;194:123–35.
  • [29] Gürbüz, H., Şöhret, Y., akçay, H. Environmental and enviroeconomic assessment of an LPG fueled SI engine at partial load. J Environ Manage. 2019;241:631–6.
  • [30] Amorin, R., Broni-Bediako, E., Worlanyo, D., Konadu, S.A. The Use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as a Fuel for Commercial Vehicles in Ghana: A Case Study at Tema Community 1. Curr J Appl Sci Technol. 2018;29(2):1–8.
  • [31] Usman, M.; Farooq, M.; Naqvi, M.; Saleem, M.W.; Hussain, J.; Naqvi, S.R.; Jahangir, S.; Jazim Usama, H.M.; Idrees, S.; Anukam, A. Use of Gasoline, LPG and LPG-HHO Blend in SI Engine: A Comparative Performance for Emission Control and Sustainable Environment. Processes. 2020;8(1):74.
  • [32] Çinar, C., Şahin, F., Can, Ö., Uyumaz, A. A comparison of performance and exhaust emissions with different valve lift profiles between gasoline and LPG fuels in a SI engine. Appl Therm Eng. 2016;107:1261–8.
  • [33] Baek, S., Lee, S., Shin, M., Lee, J., Lee, K. Analysis of combustion and exhaust characteristics according to changes in the propane content of LPG. Energy. 2022;239(Part C):122297.
  • [34] Dinesh, M.H., Pandey, J.K., Kumar, G.N. Effect of parallel LPG fuelling in a methanol fuelled SI engine under variable compression ratio. Energy. 2022;239(Part C):122134.
  • [35]Duy, V.N., Duc, K.N., Van, N.C. Real-time driving cycle measurements of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions of a bi-fuel LPG-gasoline motorcycle. Energy Convers Manag X. 2021;12:100135.
  • [36]Chaichan, M.T., Kadhum, J.A., Riza, K.S. Spark Ignition Engine Performance When Fueled with NG, LPG and Gasolin. Saudi J Eng Technol. 2016;1(3):105–16.
  • [37]Uslu S, Celik MB. Combustion and emission characteristics of isoamyl alcohol-gasoline blends in spark ignition engine. Fuel. 2020; 15;262:116496.
  • [38]Hashem, G.T., Al-Dawody, M.F., Sarris, I.E. The characteristics of gasoline engines with the use of LPG: An experimental and numerical study. Int J Thermofluids. 2023;18:100316.
Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 273 - 278, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1491371

Abstract

References

  • [1] Sun, C.S., Liu, Y., Qiao, X., Ju, D., Tang, Q., Fang, X., Zhou F. Experimental study of effects of exhaust gas recirculation on combustion, performance, and emissions of DME-biodiesel fueled engine. Energy. 2020;197:1172333.
  • [2] Uyumaz A. Experimental Research With Diethyl Ether on Engine Performance and Emissions in a Spark Ignition Engine. International Journal of Automotive Science and Technology. 2023;7(3):167-74.
  • [3] Gupta SK, Subramanian KA. Analysis of combustion and cycle to cycle variations of an ethanol (E100) fueled spark-ignition engine. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology. 2022; 6(1):68-74.
  • [4] Sarma, C.J., Sharma, P., Bora, B.J., Bora, D.K., Senthilkumar, N., Balakrishnan, D., Ayesh, A.I. Improving the combustion and emission performance of a diesel engine powered with mahua biodiesel and TiO2 nanoparticles additive. Alexandria Eng J. 2023;72:387–98.
  • [5] JChaudhary N, Subramanian KA. Experimental Investigation of Combustion Characteristics of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Methanol-Gasoline Blends (M15 and M85). International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology. 2022; 6(1):54-60.
  • [6] Uslu, S., Maki, D.F., Al-Gburi, A.S.K. Synthesis of spirulina microalgae biodiesel, and experimental research of its effects on compression ignition engine responses with iron II-III oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticle supplementation. Energy Convers Manag. 2023;293:117457.
  • [7] Uyumaz A, Kilmen AB, Kaş M. An experimental study of the influences of lacquer thinner addition to gasoline on performance and emissions of a spark ignition engine. Engineering Perspective. 2024; 4(2):54-59.
  • [8] Aktaş F. A 0/1-Dimensional Numerical Analysis of Performance and Emission Characteristics of the Conversion of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine to Spark-Ignition Natural Gas Engine. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology. 2022;6(1):1-8.
  • [9] Arabacı E, Öztürk Ş, Halis S. Simulation of the effects of valve timing misalignment on performance in spark ignition engines. Eng Perspect. 2024 ;4(2):47-53.
  • [10] Simsek, S., Uslu, S., Simsek, H., Uslu, G. Multi-objective-optimization of process parameters of diesel engine fueled with biodiesel/2-ethylhexyl nitrate by using Taguchi method. Energy. 2021;231:120866.
  • [11]Gurusamy, M. and Subramanian B. Study of PCCI engine operating on pine oil diesel blend (P50) with benzyl alcohol and diethyl ether. Fuel. 2023;335:127121.
  • [12]Vikneswaran, M., Saravanan, C.G., Sasikala, J., Ramesh, P., Varuvel EG. Combustion analysis of higher order alcohols blended gasoline in a spark ignition engine using endoscopic visualization technique. Fuel. 2022;322:124134.
  • [13]Chetia, B., Debbarma, S., Das, B. An experimental investigation of hydrogen-enriched and nanoparticle blended waste cooking biodiesel on diesel engine. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2023;In Press.
  • [14]Synák, F., Čulík, K., Rievaj, V., Gaňa, J. Liquefied petroleum gas as an alternative fuel. Transp Res Procedia. 2019;40:527–34.
  • [15] Gong, C., Liu, Z., Su, H., Chen, Y., Li, J., Liu, F. Effect of injection strategy on cold start firing, combustion and emissions of a LPG/methanol dual-fuel spark-ignition engine. Energy. 2019;178:126–33.
  • [16] Duc, K. N., Duy, V. N. Study on performance enhancement and emission reduction of used fuel-injected motorcycles using bi-fuel gasoline-LPG. Energy Sustain Dev. 2018;43:60–7.
  • [17] Simsek, S. and Uslu, S. Investigation of the impacts of gasoline, biogas and LPG fuels on engine performance and exhaust emissions in different throttle positions on SI engine. Fuel. 2020;279:118528.
  • [18]. Ravi, K., Bhasker, P., Porpatham, E. Effect of compression ratio and hydrogen addition on part throttle performance of a LPG fuelled lean burn spark ignition engine. Fuel. 2017;205:71–9.
  • [19]. Ozcan, H., Yamin, J. A. A. Performance and emission characteristics of LPG powered four stroke SI engine under variable stroke length and compression ratio. Energy Convers Manag. 2008;49(5):1193–201.
  • [20]Lee, S., Oh, S., Choi, Y., Kang, K. Effect of n-Butane and propane on performance and emission characteristics of an SI engine operated with DME-blended LPG fuel. Fuel. 2011;90(4):1674–80.
  • [21]Sulaiman, M. Y., Ayob, M. R:, Meran, I. Performance of Single Cylinder Spark Ignition Engine Fueled by LPG. Procedia Eng. 2013;53:579–85.
  • [22]Krishna, V. M., Reddy, A. H., Kumar, M. S., Raghu, A. Effect of hydroxy gas addition on performance and exhaust emissions in variable compression spark ignition engine. Mater Today Proc. 2020;24(2):930–6.
  • [23]Chitragar, P. R., Shivaprasad, K. V., Nayak, V., Bedar, P., Kumar, G. N. An Experimental Study on Combustion and Emission Analysis of Four Cylinder 4-Stroke Gasoline Engine Using Pure Hydrogen and LPG at Idle Condition. Energy Procedia. 2016;90:525–34.
  • [24]. Kacem, S. H., Jemni, M. A., Driss, Z., Abid, M. S. The effect of H2 enrichment on in-cylinder flow behavior, engine performances and exhaust emissions: Case of LPG-hydrogen engine. Appl Energy. 2016;179:961–71.
  • [25]Gumus M. Effects of volumetric efficiency on the performance and emissions characteristics of a dual fueled (gasoline and LPG) spark ignition engine. Fuel Process Technol. 2011;92(10):1862–7.
  • [26] Murillo, S., Miguez, J. L., Porteiro, J., Gonzalez, L. M. L., Granada, E., Moran, J. C. LPG: Pollutant emission and performance enhancement for spark-ignition four strokes outboard engines. Appl Therm Eng. 2005;25(13):1882–93.
  • [27] Kim, K., Kim, J., Oh, S., Kim, C., Lee, Y. Lower particulate matter emissions with a stoichiometric LPG direct injection engine. Fuel. 2017;187:197–210.
  • [28] Kim, K., Kim, J., Oh, S., kim, C., Lee, Y. Evaluation of injection and ignition schemes for the ultra-lean combustion direct-injection LPG engine to control particulate emissions. Appl Energy. 2017;194:123–35.
  • [29] Gürbüz, H., Şöhret, Y., akçay, H. Environmental and enviroeconomic assessment of an LPG fueled SI engine at partial load. J Environ Manage. 2019;241:631–6.
  • [30] Amorin, R., Broni-Bediako, E., Worlanyo, D., Konadu, S.A. The Use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as a Fuel for Commercial Vehicles in Ghana: A Case Study at Tema Community 1. Curr J Appl Sci Technol. 2018;29(2):1–8.
  • [31] Usman, M.; Farooq, M.; Naqvi, M.; Saleem, M.W.; Hussain, J.; Naqvi, S.R.; Jahangir, S.; Jazim Usama, H.M.; Idrees, S.; Anukam, A. Use of Gasoline, LPG and LPG-HHO Blend in SI Engine: A Comparative Performance for Emission Control and Sustainable Environment. Processes. 2020;8(1):74.
  • [32] Çinar, C., Şahin, F., Can, Ö., Uyumaz, A. A comparison of performance and exhaust emissions with different valve lift profiles between gasoline and LPG fuels in a SI engine. Appl Therm Eng. 2016;107:1261–8.
  • [33] Baek, S., Lee, S., Shin, M., Lee, J., Lee, K. Analysis of combustion and exhaust characteristics according to changes in the propane content of LPG. Energy. 2022;239(Part C):122297.
  • [34] Dinesh, M.H., Pandey, J.K., Kumar, G.N. Effect of parallel LPG fuelling in a methanol fuelled SI engine under variable compression ratio. Energy. 2022;239(Part C):122134.
  • [35]Duy, V.N., Duc, K.N., Van, N.C. Real-time driving cycle measurements of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions of a bi-fuel LPG-gasoline motorcycle. Energy Convers Manag X. 2021;12:100135.
  • [36]Chaichan, M.T., Kadhum, J.A., Riza, K.S. Spark Ignition Engine Performance When Fueled with NG, LPG and Gasolin. Saudi J Eng Technol. 2016;1(3):105–16.
  • [37]Uslu S, Celik MB. Combustion and emission characteristics of isoamyl alcohol-gasoline blends in spark ignition engine. Fuel. 2020; 15;262:116496.
  • [38]Hashem, G.T., Al-Dawody, M.F., Sarris, I.E. The characteristics of gasoline engines with the use of LPG: An experimental and numerical study. Int J Thermofluids. 2023;18:100316.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Internal Combustion Engines, Automotive Combustion and Fuel Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Suleyman Simsek 0000-0002-0593-8036

Samet Uslu 0000-0001-9118-5108

Publication Date September 30, 2024
Submission Date May 28, 2024
Acceptance Date August 15, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Simsek, S., & Uslu, S. (2024). Evaluation of the Possible Effects of Varying the Volumetric Ratio of Lpg on the Spark Ignition Engine’s Performance, Emissions, and Combustion. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology, 8(3), 273-278. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1491371
AMA Simsek S, Uslu S. Evaluation of the Possible Effects of Varying the Volumetric Ratio of Lpg on the Spark Ignition Engine’s Performance, Emissions, and Combustion. ijastech. September 2024;8(3):273-278. doi:10.30939/ijastech.1491371
Chicago Simsek, Suleyman, and Samet Uslu. “Evaluation of the Possible Effects of Varying the Volumetric Ratio of Lpg on the Spark Ignition Engine’s Performance, Emissions, and Combustion”. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology 8, no. 3 (September 2024): 273-78. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech. 1491371.
EndNote Simsek S, Uslu S (September 1, 2024) Evaluation of the Possible Effects of Varying the Volumetric Ratio of Lpg on the Spark Ignition Engine’s Performance, Emissions, and Combustion. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology 8 3 273–278.
IEEE S. Simsek and S. Uslu, “Evaluation of the Possible Effects of Varying the Volumetric Ratio of Lpg on the Spark Ignition Engine’s Performance, Emissions, and Combustion”, ijastech, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 273–278, 2024, doi: 10.30939/ijastech..1491371.
ISNAD Simsek, Suleyman - Uslu, Samet. “Evaluation of the Possible Effects of Varying the Volumetric Ratio of Lpg on the Spark Ignition Engine’s Performance, Emissions, and Combustion”. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology 8/3 (September 2024), 273-278. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech. 1491371.
JAMA Simsek S, Uslu S. Evaluation of the Possible Effects of Varying the Volumetric Ratio of Lpg on the Spark Ignition Engine’s Performance, Emissions, and Combustion. ijastech. 2024;8:273–278.
MLA Simsek, Suleyman and Samet Uslu. “Evaluation of the Possible Effects of Varying the Volumetric Ratio of Lpg on the Spark Ignition Engine’s Performance, Emissions, and Combustion”. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology, vol. 8, no. 3, 2024, pp. 273-8, doi:10.30939/ijastech. 1491371.
Vancouver Simsek S, Uslu S. Evaluation of the Possible Effects of Varying the Volumetric Ratio of Lpg on the Spark Ignition Engine’s Performance, Emissions, and Combustion. ijastech. 2024;8(3):273-8.


International Journal of Automotive Science and Technology (IJASTECH) is published by Society of Automotive Engineers Turkey

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