Excitation Functions for the Proton Irradiation on 45ScTarget
Year 2019,
Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 61 - 64, 31.07.2019
Susan Shukur Noorı
,
İskender Akkurt
,
Nurdan Karpuz Demır
Abstract
In the nuclear
medicine for the positron emission tomography, the injected positron emitter
leads to two 511 keV γ-rays. One of the most promising radionuclide is 45Sc.
In this study, the main purpose was to investigate the excitation functions for
the reactions 45Sc (p, x). TALYS 1.6 nuclear reaction simulation
code was used for the excitation functions. These calculated excitation
functions have been discussed and compared with each other and with Experimental
Nuclear Reaction Data Library (EXFOR).
References
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- [7] F. Kilinç, N. Karpuz and B. Çetin, Calculation of the (p,n) Reaction Cross Section of Radionuclides Used for PET Applications, Acta physica polonica A, 130(1) (2016) 318-319 DOI:10.12693/APhysPolA.130.318
- [8] N. Karpuz, B. Mavi and İ. Akkurt, Investigation of Double Differential Cross Sections of (g , p) Reaction for 12C Nuclei, Acta physica polonica A, 130(1) (2016) 313-315 DOI:/10.12693/APhysPolA.130.313
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- [14] M. Pruszynski, N.S. Loktionova, D.V. Filosofov, F. Roesch, Post-elution processing of 44Ti/44Sc generator-derived 44Sc for clinical application, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 68 (2010) 1636–1641, DOI:10.1016/j.apradiso.2010.04.003
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- [21] R. Ejnisman, I. D. Goldman, P .R. Pascholati, M. T. F. DA Cruz, R. M. Oliveira,E. B. Norman, I. Zlimen, F. E. Wietfeldt, R. M. Larimer, Y. D. Chan, K. T. Lesko, A. Garcia, (1996), Cross sections for 45Sc(p,2n)44Ti and related reactions, Physical Review, Part C, Nuclear Physics, Vol.54, p.2047, USA
- [22] V. N. Levkovski, (1991), Cross sections of medium mass nuclide activation (A=40-100) by medium energy protons and alpha-particles (E=10-50 MeV) Atomnaya Energiya, Vol.69, p.180, Russia.
- [23] L.W. Mitchell, M. R. Anderson, S. R. Kennett, D. G. Sargood, (1982), Cross sections and thermonuclear reaction rates for Ca-42(p,g)Sc-43, Ca-44(p,g)Sc-45, Ca-44(p,n)Sc-44 and Sc-45(p,n)Ti-45 , Nuclear Physics, Section A, Vol. 380, p.318, Netherlands, DOI:10.1016/0375-9474(82)90108-7
- [24] T. Mcgee, C. L. Rao, G. B. Saha, L. Yaffe, (1970), Nuclear Interactions of Sc-45 and Zn-68 with protons of medium energy, Nuclear Physics, Section A, Vol.150, p.11, Netherlands, DOI:10.1016/0375-9474(70)90451-3
- [25] K. V. K. Iyengar, S. K. Gupta, K. K. Sekharan, M. K. Mehta, A. S. Divatia, (1967), Fluctuations in the integrated cross section of the reaction 45Sc(p,n)45Ti, Nuclear Physics, Section A, Vol.96, p.521 Netherlands, DOI:10.1016/0375-9474(67)90602-1
- [26] R. G.Thommas, W. Bartolini, (1968), Excitation functions for (p,n) and (p,2n) interactions in Sc, Cr, Mo, Cd and W between 8 and 14 MeV, Nuclear Physics, Section A, Vol.106, p.323, Netherlands, DOI:10.1016/0375-9474(67)90877-9
- [27] G.F. Dell, W.D. Ploughe, H.J. Hausman, (1965), Total Reaction Cross Sections in the Mass Range 45 to 65, Nuclear Physics, Vol.64, p.513, Netherlands, DOI:10.1016/0029-5582(65)90576-6
- [28] L.Daraban, R.A.Rebeles, A.Hermanne, F.Tarkanyi, S.Takacs, (2009), Study of the excitation functions for 43K, 43,44,44mSc and 44Ti by proton irradiation on 45Sc up to 37 MeV, Nucl. Instrum. Methods in Physics Res., Sect.B, Vol.267, p.755, Netherlands, DOI:10.1016/j.nimb.2009.01.010
- [29] R. Ejnisman, I. D. Goldman, P. R. Pascholati, M. T .F. da Cruz, R. M. Oliveira, E. B. Norman, I. Zlimen, F. E. Wietfeldt, R. M. Larimer, Y. D. Chan, K. T. Lesko, A. Garcia, (1996), Cross Sections for 45Sc(p,2n)44Ti and Related Reactions, Physical Review, Part C, Nuclear Physics, Vol.54, p.2047 USA, DOI:10.1103/PhysRevC.54.2047
- [30] V. N. Levkovski, (1991), Cross sections of medium mass nuclide activation (A=40-100) by medium energy protons and alpha-particles (E=10-50 MeV), Atomnaya Energiya, Vol.69, p.99 Russia.
- [31] T. McGee, C. L. Rao, G. B. Saha, L. Yaffe, (1970), Nuclear Interactions of 45Sc and 68Zn with Protons of Medium Energy, Nuclear Physics, Section A, Vol.150, p.11, Netherlands, DOI:10.1016/0375-9474(70)90451-3
- [32] J. W. Meadows, R. M. Diamond, R. A. Sharp, (1956), Excitation functions and Yield Ratios for the Isomeric Pairs Br80,80m , Co58,58m, and Sc44,44m Formed in (p, pn) Reactions, Physical Review, Vol.102, p.190 USA, DOI:10.1103/PhysRev.102.190
- [33] L. Daraban, R. A. Rebeles, A. Hermanne, F. Tarkanyi, S. Takacs , (2009), Study of the excitation functions for 43K, 43,44,44mSc and 44Ti by proton irradiation on 45Sc up to 37 MeV, Nucl. Instrum. Methods in Physics Res., Sect.B, Vol.267, p.755, Netherlands DOI:10.1016/j.nimb.2009.01.010
Year 2019,
Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 61 - 64, 31.07.2019
Susan Shukur Noorı
,
İskender Akkurt
,
Nurdan Karpuz Demır
References
- [1] M. B. Mohamed, Study of the excitation function for some cyclotron produced radionuclides, Ph.D. thesis, Mansoura University (2006) p.193.
- [2] F. Szelecsényi dr.univ., Measurement of Cross Sections of Proton Induced Nuclear Reactions on Ti, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Au up to 30 MeV and Their Application in Radioisotope Production, PhD. thesis, Lajos Kossuth University Debrecen, Hungary (1997).
- [3] Ü. Kara, A. Mesbahi, İ. Akkurt, Monte Carlo Simulation of Photoneutron Dose in Radiotherapy Room as A Function of Gantry Angles, Acta physica polonica A, 128(2B) B-378-B380 (2015) DOI:10.12693/APhysPolA.128. B-378
- [4] N. Karpuz, M.C. Boz, B. Mavi and İ. Akkurt, Variation of Photoneutron Cross Section with Mass Number, Acta physica polonica A, 128(2-B) (2015) B-409-B410 DOI:10.12693/APhysPolA.128.B-409
- [5] N. Karpuz, M. C. Boz, B. Mavi and İ. Akkurt, Cross Sections Calculation of (g,n) Reactions for Some Elements, Acta physica polonica A,128(2-B) (2015)B-411-B413 DOI:10.12693/APhysPolA.128.B-411
- [6] N. Demir, Z. N. Kuluöztürk, İ. Akkurt, Angular Distribution of Bremsstrahlung Photons in Ta Target for 40 MeV Electron Beam, Acta physica polonica A, 128(2-B) (2015) B443-B 445 DOI:10.12693/APhysPolA.128.B-443 [7] F. Kilinç, N. Karpuz and B. Çetin, Calculation of the (p,n) Reaction Cross Section of Radionuclides Used for PET Applications, Acta physica polonica A, 130(1) (2016) 318-319 DOI:10.12693/APhysPolA.130.318
- [7] F. Kilinç, N. Karpuz and B. Çetin, Calculation of the (p,n) Reaction Cross Section of Radionuclides Used for PET Applications, Acta physica polonica A, 130(1) (2016) 318-319 DOI:10.12693/APhysPolA.130.318
- [8] N. Karpuz, B. Mavi and İ. Akkurt, Investigation of Double Differential Cross Sections of (g , p) Reaction for 12C Nuclei, Acta physica polonica A, 130(1) (2016) 313-315 DOI:/10.12693/APhysPolA.130.313
- [9] A. J. Koning and M.C. Duijvestijn, A global preequilibrium analysis from 7 to 200 MeV based on the optical model potential”, Nuclear. Physics. A 744, (2004)15. DOI:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.08.013
- [10] A. J. Koning, D. Rochman, Modern Nuclear Data Evaluation with the TALYS Code System Nuclear Data Sheets 113 (2012) 2841–2934. DOI:10.1016/j.nds.2012.11.002
- [11] A. Koning, S. Hilaire, S. Goriely, TALYS-1.6 A Nuclear Reaction Program, User Manual, NRG, the Netherlands, 2013.
- [12] C. M. Lederer, V. S. Shirley, Table of Isotopes, 7th edn. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1978.
- [13] D. V. Filosofov, N. S. Loktionova, F. Rösch, A 44Ti/44Sc radionuclide generator for potential application of 44Sc-based PET-radiopharmaceuticals, Acta 98 (2010) 149–156 DOI:/10.1524/ract.2010.1701
- [14] M. Pruszynski, N.S. Loktionova, D.V. Filosofov, F. Roesch, Post-elution processing of 44Ti/44Sc generator-derived 44Sc for clinical application, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 68 (2010) 1636–1641, DOI:10.1016/j.apradiso.2010.04.003
- [15] Eary, J. F., (1999), Nuclear Medicine in Cancer Diagnosis, Lancet, 354, 9181, pp. 853-857.
- [16] A. Vavere, Welch, M. Preparation, (2005), Biodistribution, and Small Animal PET of 45Ti-Transferrin, Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 46, 4, pp. 683-690.
- [17] F. Tárkányi, F. Ditrói , S. Takács, A. Hermanne, M. Al-Abyad, H. Yamazaki, M. Baba,M.A. Mohammadi, (2015), “ New activation cross section data on longer lived radio-nuclei produced in proton induced nuclear reaction on zirconium”, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 97, 149–169, DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.12.029
- [18] EXFOR/CSISRS, Experimental Nuclear Reaction Data File, Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Nuclear Data Center, 2017.
- [19] F. Ditroi, F. T´ark´anyi, S. Tak´acs, A. Hermanne, H. Yamazaki, M. Baba, A. Mohammadi, (2013), ” Activation cross-sections of longer lived products of proton induced nuclear reactions on manganese up to 70 MeV”, arXiv:1302.4182v1 [nucl-ex] 18 Feb
- [20] R. Ejnisman, I. D. Goldman, P. R. Pascholati, M. T. F. Da Cruz, R. M. Oliveira, E. B. Norman, I. Zliman, F. E. Wietfeldt, R. M. Larimer, Y. D. Chan, K. T. Lesko, A. Garcia, (1996), Cross sections for 45Sc(p,2n)44Ti and related reactions, Physical Rrview, Part C, Nuclear Physics, Vol. 54, p. 2047, USA
- [21] R. Ejnisman, I. D. Goldman, P .R. Pascholati, M. T. F. DA Cruz, R. M. Oliveira,E. B. Norman, I. Zlimen, F. E. Wietfeldt, R. M. Larimer, Y. D. Chan, K. T. Lesko, A. Garcia, (1996), Cross sections for 45Sc(p,2n)44Ti and related reactions, Physical Review, Part C, Nuclear Physics, Vol.54, p.2047, USA
- [22] V. N. Levkovski, (1991), Cross sections of medium mass nuclide activation (A=40-100) by medium energy protons and alpha-particles (E=10-50 MeV) Atomnaya Energiya, Vol.69, p.180, Russia.
- [23] L.W. Mitchell, M. R. Anderson, S. R. Kennett, D. G. Sargood, (1982), Cross sections and thermonuclear reaction rates for Ca-42(p,g)Sc-43, Ca-44(p,g)Sc-45, Ca-44(p,n)Sc-44 and Sc-45(p,n)Ti-45 , Nuclear Physics, Section A, Vol. 380, p.318, Netherlands, DOI:10.1016/0375-9474(82)90108-7
- [24] T. Mcgee, C. L. Rao, G. B. Saha, L. Yaffe, (1970), Nuclear Interactions of Sc-45 and Zn-68 with protons of medium energy, Nuclear Physics, Section A, Vol.150, p.11, Netherlands, DOI:10.1016/0375-9474(70)90451-3
- [25] K. V. K. Iyengar, S. K. Gupta, K. K. Sekharan, M. K. Mehta, A. S. Divatia, (1967), Fluctuations in the integrated cross section of the reaction 45Sc(p,n)45Ti, Nuclear Physics, Section A, Vol.96, p.521 Netherlands, DOI:10.1016/0375-9474(67)90602-1
- [26] R. G.Thommas, W. Bartolini, (1968), Excitation functions for (p,n) and (p,2n) interactions in Sc, Cr, Mo, Cd and W between 8 and 14 MeV, Nuclear Physics, Section A, Vol.106, p.323, Netherlands, DOI:10.1016/0375-9474(67)90877-9
- [27] G.F. Dell, W.D. Ploughe, H.J. Hausman, (1965), Total Reaction Cross Sections in the Mass Range 45 to 65, Nuclear Physics, Vol.64, p.513, Netherlands, DOI:10.1016/0029-5582(65)90576-6
- [28] L.Daraban, R.A.Rebeles, A.Hermanne, F.Tarkanyi, S.Takacs, (2009), Study of the excitation functions for 43K, 43,44,44mSc and 44Ti by proton irradiation on 45Sc up to 37 MeV, Nucl. Instrum. Methods in Physics Res., Sect.B, Vol.267, p.755, Netherlands, DOI:10.1016/j.nimb.2009.01.010
- [29] R. Ejnisman, I. D. Goldman, P. R. Pascholati, M. T .F. da Cruz, R. M. Oliveira, E. B. Norman, I. Zlimen, F. E. Wietfeldt, R. M. Larimer, Y. D. Chan, K. T. Lesko, A. Garcia, (1996), Cross Sections for 45Sc(p,2n)44Ti and Related Reactions, Physical Review, Part C, Nuclear Physics, Vol.54, p.2047 USA, DOI:10.1103/PhysRevC.54.2047
- [30] V. N. Levkovski, (1991), Cross sections of medium mass nuclide activation (A=40-100) by medium energy protons and alpha-particles (E=10-50 MeV), Atomnaya Energiya, Vol.69, p.99 Russia.
- [31] T. McGee, C. L. Rao, G. B. Saha, L. Yaffe, (1970), Nuclear Interactions of 45Sc and 68Zn with Protons of Medium Energy, Nuclear Physics, Section A, Vol.150, p.11, Netherlands, DOI:10.1016/0375-9474(70)90451-3
- [32] J. W. Meadows, R. M. Diamond, R. A. Sharp, (1956), Excitation functions and Yield Ratios for the Isomeric Pairs Br80,80m , Co58,58m, and Sc44,44m Formed in (p, pn) Reactions, Physical Review, Vol.102, p.190 USA, DOI:10.1103/PhysRev.102.190
- [33] L. Daraban, R. A. Rebeles, A. Hermanne, F. Tarkanyi, S. Takacs , (2009), Study of the excitation functions for 43K, 43,44,44mSc and 44Ti by proton irradiation on 45Sc up to 37 MeV, Nucl. Instrum. Methods in Physics Res., Sect.B, Vol.267, p.755, Netherlands DOI:10.1016/j.nimb.2009.01.010