Research Article
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Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 111 - 118, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.30625/ijctr.1152282

Abstract

References

  • Akoğlan Kozak, M. (1996). Konaklama Endüstrisinde Kadının Konumu. Anatolia Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(3-4), 16-23.
  • Alrwajfah, M. M., Almeida-García, F., & Cortés-Macías, R. (2020). Females' perspectives on tourism's impact and their employment in the sector: The case of Petra, Jordan. Tourism Management, 78, 104069.
  • Avcı, N. (2011). Turizm eğitimi alan lisans öğrencilerinin iş değerleri: Çeşme Turizm ve Otelcilik Yüksekokulu örneği. Anatolia Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 22(1), 7-18.
  • Ayers, M. S. K.,Thomson, W. M., Rich, A. M., & Newton, J. N. (2008). Gender differences in dentists' working practices and job satisfaction. Journal of Dentistry. 3(6), 343-350
  • Bacharach, S. B., Bamberger, P., & Conley, S. (1991). Work-home conflict among nurses and engineers: Mediating the impact of role stress on burnout and satisfaction of work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 12(1), 39-53.
  • Bayram, A. T. (2019). Türk turizm alan yazınında kadınlar üzerine yapılan çalışmaların bibliyometrik analizi. Turar Turizm ve Araştırma Dergisi, 8(2), 55-77.
  • Bender, K., Donohue, S., & Heywood, J. (2005). Job satisfaction and gender segregation. Oxford Economic Papers, 57(3), 479-496.
  • Boyacıoğlu, E. Z., & Elmas, Ç. (2020). “Turizm ve Kadın” olgusunun bibliyometrik yaklaşım ile incelenmesi. Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi, 17(1), 32-52. https://doi.org/10.24010/soid.598292
  • Cotilla, M. M., & Campos-Soria, J. A. (2021). Decomposing the gender wage gap in the hospitality industry: A quantile approach. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 94, 102826.
  • Crossman, A., & Harris, P. (2006). Job satisfaction of secondary school teachers. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 34, 29-46.
  • Dünya Bankası. (2017, t.y). Women and tourism: Designing for inclusion. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/401321508245393514/pdf/120477-WP-PUBLIC-Weds-oct-18-9am-ADD-SERIES-36p-IFCWomenandTourismfinal.pdf
  • Dünya Turizm Örgütü. (2019, t.y). Global report on women in tourism (2nd edition). https://www.eunwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284420384
  • Dünya Turizm ve Seyahat Konseyi. (2019, t.y). Travel & tourism: Driving women’s success. https://wttc.org/Portals/0/Documents/Reports/2019/Social%20Impact-Driving%20Womens%20Success Mar%202019.pdf?ver=2021-02-25-182742-097
  • Ehrenberg, R. G. (2003). Studying ourselves: the academic labor market. Journal of Labor Economics, 21(2), 267-87.
  • European Comission. (2020, t.y). Comission Staff Working Document, Turkey 2020 Report. https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhoodenlargement/sites/near/files/turkey_report_2020.pdf
  • Fan, X., Im, J., Miao, L., Tomas, S., & Liu, H. (2021). Silk and steel: A gendered approach to career and life by upper echelon women executives in the hospitality and tourism industry in China. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 97, 103011.
  • Gaddam, S. (2008). Modeling employer branding communication: The softer aspect of HR marketing management. ICFAI Journal of Soft Skills, 2(1), 45-55.
  • Hodson, R. (2002). Demography or respect? Work group demography versus organizational dynamics as determinants of meaning and satisfaction at work. The British Journal of Sociology, 53(2), 291-317.
  • Kaiser, L. C. (2002). Job satisfaction: A comparison of standard, non-standard, and selfemployment patterns across Europe with a special note to the gender/job satisfaction paradox. EPAG Working Paper, 27. University of Essex. http://www.iser.essex.ac.uk/epag/pubs/workpaps/pdf/2002-27.pdf
  • Kaiser, L. C. (2007). Gender-job satisfaction differences across Europe: An indicator for labor market modernization. Int. J. Manpow, 28(1), 75–94
  • Karasar, N. (1999). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi. Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Koç, B., & Uşaklı, A. (2022). Kadın çalışanların turizm sektöründen ayrılma nedenleri: Keşifsel bir araştırma. JOTAGS, 10(1), 589-609.
  • Koğar, E. Y. (2021). TALIS 2018 iş doyumu ölçeğinin ölçme değişmezliğinin Türkiye örneklemi üzerinden incelenmesi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20(7), 152-167.
  • Kortt, M. A., Sinnewe, E., & Pervan, S. J. (2018). The gender wage gap in the tourism industry: Evidence from Australia. Tourism Analysis, 23(1), 137-149.
  • Kuzgun, Y., Aydemir Sevim, S., & Hamamcı, Z. (1999). Mesleki doyum ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 2(11), 14-18.
  • Locke, E. A. (1970). Job satisfaction and job performance: a theoretical analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 5(5), 484–500.
  • Lucena, R., Vorobjovas-Pinta, O., & Cai, W. (2021). Introduction to gender and sexuality in tourism and hospitality. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 21(4), 426-432.
  • Mabekoje, S. O. (2009). Gender differences in job satisfaction among secondary school teachers. African Journal of Research in Personnel and Counselling Psychology, 1(1), 99-108.
  • Mathieu, J. E., & Zajac, D. M. (1990). A review and meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of organizational commitment. Psychological Bulletin, 108(2), 171- 194.
  • Morgan, W. J. (2010). What, exactly, is occupational satisfaction? Journal of Occupational Science, 17(4), 216-223.
  • Perugini C., ve Vladisavljevi, M. (2019). Gender inequality and the gender-job satisfaction paradox in Europe. Labour Economics, 60 129-147.
  • Recepoğlu, E., & Tümlü-Ülker, G. (2015). Üniversite akademik personelinin mesleki ve yaşam doyumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 23(4), 1851-1868.
  • Remington, J., & Kitterlin-Lynch, M. (2018). Still pounding on the glass ceiling: A study of female leaders in hospitality, travel, and tourism management. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 17(1), 22-37.
  • Robst, J., Van Gilder, J., & Polachek, S. (2003). Perceptions of female faculty treatment in higher education: which institutions treat women more fairly?. Economics of Education Review, 22(1), 59-67.
  • Segovia-Pérez, M., Figueroa-Domecq, C., Fuentes-Moraleda, L., & Muñoz-Mazón, A. (2019). Incorporating a gender approach in the hospitality industry: Female executives’ perceptions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 76, 184-193.
  • Seymen, O., Bolat, T., Bolat, O. İ., & Kinter, O. (2017), Turizm sektöründe çalışma koşulları algısı, hizmet verme yatkınlığı ve mesleki yabancılaşma ilişkisi: Turizm eğitimi alan öğrenciler açısından bir değerlendirme. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(3), 401-430.
  • Seymen, O., ve Bolat, T. (2010). Bireysel kariyerin planlanması. İçinde Ö. N. Timurcanday Özmen, & C. Topaloğlu (Eds.), Çalışma Yaşamında Bireysel Gelişim Turizm İşletmelerinden Örnekler ve Uygulamalar (ss. 373-398). Beta A.Ş.
  • Sousa-Poza, A., & Sousa-Poza, A. A. (2000). Taking another look at the gender/job satisfaction paradox. Kyklos, 53(2), 135–152.
  • Weiss, H. M. (2002). Deconstructing job satisfaction: Separating evaluations, beliefs and affective experiences. Human Resource Management Review, 12(2), 173-194.
  • Westover, J. H. (2009). A cross-national look at the changing nature of gender differences in perceived job satisfaction. International Journal of Global Business and Economics, 1, 62-7.
  • Zoghi, C. (2003). Why have public university professors done so badly?. Economics of Education Review, 22(1), 45-57.

Job Satisfaction and Gender in Tourism: A Case Study in Eskişehir

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 111 - 118, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.30625/ijctr.1152282

Abstract

This research aims to characterize and compare job satisfaction levels of workers in the tourism sector among a representative sample of male and female employers in Eskişehir which has a great domestic and international tourist potential, being a province that was chosen the Capital of Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2013 by UNESCO. This research is a survey-based, descriptive study. Within the study, an online self-completion survey and a cover letter were given to 80 male and 32 female employees in the tourism industry of the city. Respondents were asked for rating their work happiness on a 5-point Likert scale that had been previously constructed and tested as a measure. The data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS; Version 24.0). Findings show that women have a higher level of job satisfaction than men, similarly to the literature. However, this difference is not at a meaningful degree, statistically. As a result, unlikely the previous studies, neither a correlation nor statistically significant relationship between gender and the job satisfaction in tourism sector is found in Eskişehir province.

References

  • Akoğlan Kozak, M. (1996). Konaklama Endüstrisinde Kadının Konumu. Anatolia Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(3-4), 16-23.
  • Alrwajfah, M. M., Almeida-García, F., & Cortés-Macías, R. (2020). Females' perspectives on tourism's impact and their employment in the sector: The case of Petra, Jordan. Tourism Management, 78, 104069.
  • Avcı, N. (2011). Turizm eğitimi alan lisans öğrencilerinin iş değerleri: Çeşme Turizm ve Otelcilik Yüksekokulu örneği. Anatolia Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 22(1), 7-18.
  • Ayers, M. S. K.,Thomson, W. M., Rich, A. M., & Newton, J. N. (2008). Gender differences in dentists' working practices and job satisfaction. Journal of Dentistry. 3(6), 343-350
  • Bacharach, S. B., Bamberger, P., & Conley, S. (1991). Work-home conflict among nurses and engineers: Mediating the impact of role stress on burnout and satisfaction of work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 12(1), 39-53.
  • Bayram, A. T. (2019). Türk turizm alan yazınında kadınlar üzerine yapılan çalışmaların bibliyometrik analizi. Turar Turizm ve Araştırma Dergisi, 8(2), 55-77.
  • Bender, K., Donohue, S., & Heywood, J. (2005). Job satisfaction and gender segregation. Oxford Economic Papers, 57(3), 479-496.
  • Boyacıoğlu, E. Z., & Elmas, Ç. (2020). “Turizm ve Kadın” olgusunun bibliyometrik yaklaşım ile incelenmesi. Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi, 17(1), 32-52. https://doi.org/10.24010/soid.598292
  • Cotilla, M. M., & Campos-Soria, J. A. (2021). Decomposing the gender wage gap in the hospitality industry: A quantile approach. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 94, 102826.
  • Crossman, A., & Harris, P. (2006). Job satisfaction of secondary school teachers. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 34, 29-46.
  • Dünya Bankası. (2017, t.y). Women and tourism: Designing for inclusion. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/401321508245393514/pdf/120477-WP-PUBLIC-Weds-oct-18-9am-ADD-SERIES-36p-IFCWomenandTourismfinal.pdf
  • Dünya Turizm Örgütü. (2019, t.y). Global report on women in tourism (2nd edition). https://www.eunwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284420384
  • Dünya Turizm ve Seyahat Konseyi. (2019, t.y). Travel & tourism: Driving women’s success. https://wttc.org/Portals/0/Documents/Reports/2019/Social%20Impact-Driving%20Womens%20Success Mar%202019.pdf?ver=2021-02-25-182742-097
  • Ehrenberg, R. G. (2003). Studying ourselves: the academic labor market. Journal of Labor Economics, 21(2), 267-87.
  • European Comission. (2020, t.y). Comission Staff Working Document, Turkey 2020 Report. https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhoodenlargement/sites/near/files/turkey_report_2020.pdf
  • Fan, X., Im, J., Miao, L., Tomas, S., & Liu, H. (2021). Silk and steel: A gendered approach to career and life by upper echelon women executives in the hospitality and tourism industry in China. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 97, 103011.
  • Gaddam, S. (2008). Modeling employer branding communication: The softer aspect of HR marketing management. ICFAI Journal of Soft Skills, 2(1), 45-55.
  • Hodson, R. (2002). Demography or respect? Work group demography versus organizational dynamics as determinants of meaning and satisfaction at work. The British Journal of Sociology, 53(2), 291-317.
  • Kaiser, L. C. (2002). Job satisfaction: A comparison of standard, non-standard, and selfemployment patterns across Europe with a special note to the gender/job satisfaction paradox. EPAG Working Paper, 27. University of Essex. http://www.iser.essex.ac.uk/epag/pubs/workpaps/pdf/2002-27.pdf
  • Kaiser, L. C. (2007). Gender-job satisfaction differences across Europe: An indicator for labor market modernization. Int. J. Manpow, 28(1), 75–94
  • Karasar, N. (1999). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi. Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Koç, B., & Uşaklı, A. (2022). Kadın çalışanların turizm sektöründen ayrılma nedenleri: Keşifsel bir araştırma. JOTAGS, 10(1), 589-609.
  • Koğar, E. Y. (2021). TALIS 2018 iş doyumu ölçeğinin ölçme değişmezliğinin Türkiye örneklemi üzerinden incelenmesi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20(7), 152-167.
  • Kortt, M. A., Sinnewe, E., & Pervan, S. J. (2018). The gender wage gap in the tourism industry: Evidence from Australia. Tourism Analysis, 23(1), 137-149.
  • Kuzgun, Y., Aydemir Sevim, S., & Hamamcı, Z. (1999). Mesleki doyum ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 2(11), 14-18.
  • Locke, E. A. (1970). Job satisfaction and job performance: a theoretical analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 5(5), 484–500.
  • Lucena, R., Vorobjovas-Pinta, O., & Cai, W. (2021). Introduction to gender and sexuality in tourism and hospitality. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 21(4), 426-432.
  • Mabekoje, S. O. (2009). Gender differences in job satisfaction among secondary school teachers. African Journal of Research in Personnel and Counselling Psychology, 1(1), 99-108.
  • Mathieu, J. E., & Zajac, D. M. (1990). A review and meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of organizational commitment. Psychological Bulletin, 108(2), 171- 194.
  • Morgan, W. J. (2010). What, exactly, is occupational satisfaction? Journal of Occupational Science, 17(4), 216-223.
  • Perugini C., ve Vladisavljevi, M. (2019). Gender inequality and the gender-job satisfaction paradox in Europe. Labour Economics, 60 129-147.
  • Recepoğlu, E., & Tümlü-Ülker, G. (2015). Üniversite akademik personelinin mesleki ve yaşam doyumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 23(4), 1851-1868.
  • Remington, J., & Kitterlin-Lynch, M. (2018). Still pounding on the glass ceiling: A study of female leaders in hospitality, travel, and tourism management. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 17(1), 22-37.
  • Robst, J., Van Gilder, J., & Polachek, S. (2003). Perceptions of female faculty treatment in higher education: which institutions treat women more fairly?. Economics of Education Review, 22(1), 59-67.
  • Segovia-Pérez, M., Figueroa-Domecq, C., Fuentes-Moraleda, L., & Muñoz-Mazón, A. (2019). Incorporating a gender approach in the hospitality industry: Female executives’ perceptions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 76, 184-193.
  • Seymen, O., Bolat, T., Bolat, O. İ., & Kinter, O. (2017), Turizm sektöründe çalışma koşulları algısı, hizmet verme yatkınlığı ve mesleki yabancılaşma ilişkisi: Turizm eğitimi alan öğrenciler açısından bir değerlendirme. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(3), 401-430.
  • Seymen, O., ve Bolat, T. (2010). Bireysel kariyerin planlanması. İçinde Ö. N. Timurcanday Özmen, & C. Topaloğlu (Eds.), Çalışma Yaşamında Bireysel Gelişim Turizm İşletmelerinden Örnekler ve Uygulamalar (ss. 373-398). Beta A.Ş.
  • Sousa-Poza, A., & Sousa-Poza, A. A. (2000). Taking another look at the gender/job satisfaction paradox. Kyklos, 53(2), 135–152.
  • Weiss, H. M. (2002). Deconstructing job satisfaction: Separating evaluations, beliefs and affective experiences. Human Resource Management Review, 12(2), 173-194.
  • Westover, J. H. (2009). A cross-national look at the changing nature of gender differences in perceived job satisfaction. International Journal of Global Business and Economics, 1, 62-7.
  • Zoghi, C. (2003). Why have public university professors done so badly?. Economics of Education Review, 22(1), 45-57.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Original Scientific Article
Authors

Dilara Unuvar Unluoglu 0000-0002-2431-1490

Early Pub Date December 31, 2022
Publication Date December 30, 2022
Submission Date August 1, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Unuvar Unluoglu, D. (2022). Job Satisfaction and Gender in Tourism: A Case Study in Eskişehir. International Journal of Contemporary Tourism Research, 6(2), 111-118. https://doi.org/10.30625/ijctr.1152282