Does Function Level of Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder Affect The Family Impact?

Year 2023, , 129 - 138, 27.06.2023

Nazan Öztürk , Gül Öznur Karabıçak , Uğur Cavlak

https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1255718

Cited By: 1

Abstract

The aim of our study is to examine the effect of differences in the levels of functionality of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) on level of family involvement.Our study has been carried out with the relatives of ASD individuals attending Aydın Efeler Municipality Autism Sports and Life Center. The Pediatric Functional Independence Criterion (WeeFIM) has been used to determine the functional independence levels of children, and The Family Impact Scale (FIS) has been used to measure the impact on the families of children with chronic disabilities. Our study was completed with the assessment of 98 individuals diagnosed with ASD (age=10.17±5.11, gender=15 female/83 male) and 98 pairs of their parents. The total WeeFim score was determined as 94.73 ±20.26 (independent) and the family impact scale scores were determined as 63.03 ± 12. The correlation analysis showed the sub WeeFIM impact the financial burden my family, self-care, communication, social status were statistically significant and weak correlation score between the total score (p<0.05; respectively, r=-0.025, r=-0.027, r=-0.310, r=-0.273). There was also a statistically significant, negative and moderate correlation between the total impact score of the FIS and the social status of the WeeFIM (p<0.00; r=-0.402).This study shows that family influence on individuals with ASD affects their social status. In addition, self-care, communication skills, and social status negatively affect individuals with more financial problems. In families with individuals with ASD, the independence of children affects the quality of life of families.

Keywords

Autism Spectrum Disorder, Impact on the Family, Parents, Financial stress, Social communication

References

• Aslan, K., & Şahin, S. (2015). Current Studies Conducted In Turkey towards Improving the Social Abilities In Children Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorder. H Ü Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(3):1-18.
• Beydemir, F. (2008).Adaptation of The impact on family scale into Turkish, Validity and reliability. Master’s Thesis, Pamukkale University, Institute of Science, Denizli.
• Bhat, A.N., Landa, R.J., & Galloway, J.C. (2011). Current perspectives on motor functioning in infants, children, and adults with autism spectrum disorders. Physical Therapy, 91(7): 1116-1129.
• Biffi, D., Ribeiro, V.R., Mellos, A., Pereira, L.D., & Manzoni, F.D. (2019). Perception about autism under the optics of mothers. Revista Enfermagem Atual In Derme; 87(25 Suppl.). doi: https://doi.org/10.31011/reaid-2019-v.87-n.25-art.222
• Bilgin, H., & Kucuk, L. (2010). Raising an autistic child: Perspectives from Turkish mothers. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 23: 92–99.
• Bodur, Ş., & Soysal, Ş. (2004). Early diagnosis and importance of autism. Journal of Continuing Medical Education, 13 (10): 394- 398.
• Breslin, C.M., & Rudisill, M.E. (2011). The effect of visual supports on performance of the TGMD-2 for children with autism spectrum disorder. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 28(4): 342-353.
• Colavita, V.A., Luthra, N., & Perry, A. (2014). Strengths and challenges of children with a developmental disability: A qualitative analysis of parent perceptions. Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 20 (3): 80-87.
• Coşkun, Y., & Akkaş, G. (2009). The Relationship Between Trait Anxiety Levels and Social Support Perceptions of Mothers with Disabled Children Ahi Evran University Journal of Kırşehir Education Faculty (KEFAD), 10 (1):213-227.
• Cruz-Torres, E., Duffy, M., Brady, M., Bennett, K., & Goldstein, P. (2020). Promoting daily living skills for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder via parent delivery of video prompting. Journal of Autism and Devolopmental Disorders, 50(1): 212–223.
• Cuffaro, M.A. (2011). Fine motor skills. Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development. Springer, Boston, MA. P. 657.
• Darıca, N., Abidoğlu, Ü., & Gümüşçü, Ş. (2002). Autism and Autistic Children. Third Edition. Ozgur Publications, Ankara.
• Dereli, F., & Okur, S. (2000). Determination of depression status of families with disabled children. Yeni Tıp Dergisi, 25: 164–168.
• Duncan, A., Ruble, L., Meinzen-Derr, J., Thomas, C., & Stark, L. (2018). Preliminary efficacy of a daily living skills intervention for adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 22(8): 983–994.
• Fombonne, E. (2020). Epidemiological controversies in autism. Swiss Archives of Neurology, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 171(1): w03084.
• Giannopulu, I., & Pradel, G. (2010). Multimodal interactions in free game play of children with autism and a mobile toy robot. NeuroRehabilitation, 27(4): 305–311.
• Guo, H.J., & Sapra, A. (2020). Instrumental activity of daily living. StatPearls Publishing.
• Howlin, P., & Magiati, I. (2017). Autism spectrum disorder: Outcomes in adulthood. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 30(2): 69–76.
• Keogh, S., Bridle, C., Siriwardena, N.A., Nadkarni, A., Laparidou, D., Durrant, S.J., Kargas, N., Law, G.R., & Curtis, F. (2019). Effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for insomnia in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Plos One, 14(8):e0221428.
• Kilincaslan A., Kocas, S., Bozkurt, S.,, Kaya, I., Derin, S., & Aydin, R. (2019).Daily living skills in children with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability: A comparative study from Turkey.Research in Developmental Disorders, 85 :187–196.
• Korkmaz, B. (2003). Asperger’s Syndrome. Adam Yayınları, Ankara.
• Kunzi, K. (2015). Improving Social Skills of Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder through Physical Activity, Sports, and Games: A Review of the Literature. Adultspan Journal, 14(2): 100-113.
• Lim, Y.H., Lee, H.C., Falkmer, T., Allison, G.T., Tan, T., Lee, W.L., & Morris, S.L. (2019). Effect of Visual Information on Postural Control in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49: 4731–4739.
• Loomes, R., Hull, L., & Mandy, W.P.L. (2017). What is the male-to-female ratio in autism spectrum disorder? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(6): 466– 474.
• MacDonald, M., Lord, C., & Ulrich, D.A. (2013). The relationship of motor skills and adaptive behavior skills in young children with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7: 1383–1390.
• Maenner, M. J., Shaw, K. A., & Baio, J. (2020). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years – Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2016. Morbitiy and Mortality Weekly Report Surveillance Summaries, 69(4): 1–12.
• Magalhães, J.M.,Rodrigues, T.A.,Rêgo Netae, M.M.,Sena Damascenoa,C.K.C.,Feitosa Sousaf, K.H.J.,&Arisawa, A.G.L.S. (2021).Experiences of family members of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Revista Gaúcha Enfermagem, 42:e20200437.
• Masi, A., DeMayo, M.M., Glozier, N., & Guastella, A.J. (2017). An Overview of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Heterogeneity and Treatment Options. Neuroscience Bulletin, 33: 183–193.
• Matson, J.L., Dempsey, T., & Fodstad, J.C. (2009). The effect of autism spectrum disorders on adaptive independent living skills in adults with severe intellectual disability. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 30: 1203–1211.
• Mohajer, B., Masoudi, M., Ashrafi, A., Mohammadi, E., Ershadi, A.S.B., Aarabi, M.H., & Uban, K.A. (2019). Structural white matter alterations in male adults with high functioning autism spectrum disorder and concurrent depressive symptoms: Adiffusion tensor imaging study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 259: 40–46.
• Mouga, S., Almeida, J., Cafe, C., Duque, F., & Oliveira, G. (2015). Adaptive profiles in autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45: 1001–1012.
• Msall, ME., DiGaudio, K., Rogers, BT., LaForest, S., Catanzaro, NL., Campbell, J. et al. (1994). The Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM): conceptual basis and pilot use in children with developmental disabilities. Clinical Pediatrics, 33; 421-430.
• Myers, S.M., Voigt, R.G., Colligan, R.C., Weaver, A.L., Storlie, C.B., Stoeckel, R.E., . . . Katusic, S.K. (2019). Autism spectrum disorder: Incidence and time trends over two decades in a population-based birth cohort. Jurnal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(4): 1455–1474.
• Pepperdine, C.R., & McCrimmon, A.W. (2018). Test Review: Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Third Edition (Vineland-3) by Sparrow, S. S., Cicchetti, D. V., & Saulnier, C.A. Can. Journal of School Psychology, 33(2): 157–163.
• Petrou, A.M., Soul, A., Koshy, B., McConachie, H., & Parr, J.R. The impact on the family of the co-existing conditions of children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research, 11(5):776-787.
• Shattuck, P.T., Wagner, M., Narendorf, S., Sterzing, P., & Hensley, M. (2011). Post-high school service use among young adults with an autism spectrum disorder. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 165: 141–146.
• Sonel Tur, B., Küçükdeveci A.A., Kutlay S., Yavuzer G. Elhan A.H.& Tennant A. (2009).Psychometric properties of the WeeFIM in children with cerebral palsy in Turkey. Develepmontal Medicine and Child Neurology, 51,732-738.
• Stein, R.E.K., & Jessop, D.J. (2003). The Impact on Family Scale Revisited: Further Psychometric Data. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, (24)1: 9-16.
• Şahan, A.K., Ozturk, N., Çalık Kutukcu, E., Aksu, H., Tunagur, M.T., & Arikan, H. (2022).Physical Fitness and Maternal Psychosocial Status in Children With Autism Attending a Regular Physical Activity Program. Focus on Autism and Other Develpomental Disabilities, 1-10.
• Töret, G. (2017). Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD): Definition, classification, prevalence and causes. İ. H. Diken ve H. Bakkaloğlu (Ed), Intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. (p: 192-220). Ankara: Pegem Akademi
• Ulu, A.E. and Karacasu, G. (2022). Burnout, Anxiety and Coping Attitudes in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Disabil Sports Health Sci; 5(2): 122-135. https: //doi. org /10.33438/ijdshs.1181098
• West, K.L. (2019). Infant motor development in autism spectrum disorder: A synthesis and meta-analysis. Child Development, 90: 2053–2070.
• World Health Organization. (2018). Autism spectrum disorders Fact Sheet. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/autism-spectrum-disorders.