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The Evaluation of Residents’ Place Attachment Attitudes in terms of Length of Residency and Gender in Sustainable Tourism: The Example of Edirne

Year 2022, Volume: 37 Issue: 4, 913 - 928, 10.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.1019926

Abstract

In tourism that is place based phenomenon, residents-tourists interactions is inevitable. Residents, creating socio-cultural attractions in the destination and being actual owner of the destination, are the main actors of sustainable tourism. Also, it is residents themselves carrying natural, cultural and sociological resources of the destination into future generations. On the other hand, residents’ place attachment attitudes express the residents’ emotional and psychological orientation towards the place they live. In other words, it is pointed out residents-place harmony. Residents’ place attachment attitudes shaping attitudes towards tourism vary in regards to gender and residents’ length of residency in that place. As a result of this study aiming to test whether residents living in Edirne have a place attachment attitude, whether this attitude differs in regards to length of residency, gender with men and women’ length of residency, it was concluded that the residents place attachment attitudes became stronger in time and men’ place attachment attitudes are higher than the woman’ attitudes.

References

  • Altıntaş, V. (2010). The effects of tourism development on quality of life of residents: The model of Alanya region (Unpublishing Doctoral Thesis). Akdeniz University, Antalya.
  • Altman, I. and Low, S. M. (1992). Place Attachment. New York and London: Plenum Press
  • Anton, C. E. and C. Lawrence (2016). The relationship between place attachment: The theory of planned behaviour and residents' response to place change. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 47, 145-154.
  • Arslan, H. (2009). The evaluation of the post disaster reconstruction process in terms of place attachment relocation and cognitive mapping concept (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul.
  • Ayar, H. (2021). Park Rekreasyonu Faaliyetlerine Katılımda Rekreasyon Deneyim Tercihleri, Yer Bağlılığı, Çevresel Tutum ve Çevre Dostu Rekreasyon Davranışları Arasındaki İlişki (Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Ayaş, N., (2007). Çevresel Sürdürülebilir Turizm Gelişmesi. Gazi Üniversitesi iktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9/1, 59- 69.
  • Ayberk, C. (2019). International student mobility: Place attachment, experiences of international students in Istanbul and results of the mobility (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). Ankara University, Ankara.
  • Bramwell, B. and Lane, B. (1993). Sustainable tourism: An evolving global approach. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1, 1-5.
  • Brandenburg, A.M.; Carroll, M.S. (1995). Your place or mine? The effect of place creation on Environmental Values and Landscape Meanings. Society and Natural Resources. 8, 381-398.
  • Cantrill, J. and Senecah, S. (2000). A “Sense of Place” for the Environmental Self in Conservation Psychology. Paper presented at the 8th International Symposium on Society and Resource Management, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA.
  • Cheng, T. M. and Wu, H. C. (2015). How do environmental knowledge, environmental sensitivity, and place attachment affect environmentally responsible behavior? An integrated approach for sustainable island tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(4), 557-576.
  • Choi, H. S. C. and Sirakaya, E. (2005). Measuring residents’ attitude toward sustainable tourism: Development of sustainable tourism attitude scale. Journal of travel research, 43(4), 380-394.
  • Cuba, L. and Hummon, D. (1993). A place to call home: Identification with dwelling, community, and region. The Sociological Quarterly, 34,11-131.
  • Dağlı, Z. (2018). Sürdürülebilir turizmin gelişimine yönelik yerel halkın tutumlarını incelemeye ilişkin bir araştırma: Akçakoca destinasyonu. Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi, 15 (3), 603-619.
  • Doxey, G. V. (1975). A Causation Theory of Visitor Resident Irritants: Methodology and Research Inferences, Paper Presented at the Travel and Tourism Research Association Sixth Annual Conference Proceedings, San Diego.
  • Dyer, P. G. (2007). Structural Modelling of Resident Perceptions of Tourism and Associated Developmet on the Sunshine Coast, Australia. Tourism Management, 28,409-422.
  • Eusébio, C., Vieira, A. L. and Lima, S. (2018). Place attachment, host–tourist interactions, and residents’ attitudes towards tourism development: The case of Boa Vista Island in Cape Verde. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(6), 890-909.
  • Göregenli, M., Karakus, P., Kösten, E. Y. Ö. and Umuroglu, I. (2014). Mahalleye bağlılık düzeyinin kent kimligi ile iliskisi içinde incelenmesi. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 29(73), 73.
  • Gursoy, D., Rutherfort, D. G. (2004). Host Attitudes Toward Tourism an Improved Structural Model. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3),495-516.
  • Güler, İ. (2019). The relationship between risk perception and place attachment in Düzce city (Unpublished Master’s Thesis). Düzce University, Düzce.
  • Halpenny, E. A. (2006). Environmental behaviour, place attachment and park visitation: A case study of visitors to Point Pelee National Park (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). University of Waterloo, Recreation and Leisure Studies, Ontario, Canada.
  • Harrill, R. (2004). Residents' Attitudes toward Tourism Development: A Literature Review with Implications for Tourism Planning. Journal of Planning Literature, 18 (3),252-266.
  • Hay, R. (1998). Sense of place in developmental context. Journal of environmental psychology, 18(1), 5-29.
  • Hidalgo, M. C. and Hernandez B. (2001). Place attachment: conceptual and empirical questions. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21(3), 273-281.
  • Jelley, S. E. (2013). A Study of Place Attachment (Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). University of Wollongong, Australia.
  • Kalaycı, Ş. (2008). SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri. Asil Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara.
  • Karaçor, E. L. (2012). Interaction of life quality in townscape with urban memory and concept of place: Case of Düzce city (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). Düzce University, Düzce.
  • Kitayama, S. and Markus, H.R. (1994). Culture and self: How cultures influence the way we view ourselves. In D. Matsumoto (Ed.), People: Psychology from a cultural perspective (17-37). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Col
  • Kitayama, S. and Markus, H.R. (1994). Culture and self: How cultures influence the way we view ourselves. In D. Matsumoto, ed. People: Psychology from a cultural perspective (pp. 17-37). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
  • Kocaoğlu,B. U. (2019). Yeniden Canlandırma Alanlarında Yer Bağlılığı ve Katılım. Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler, 28(3), 1-19.
  • Kyle, G. T., Graefe, A., Manning, R. E. and Bacon, J. (2004). Effect of involvement and Journal of Leisure Research, 36, 209 231.
  • Lankford, S. V. and Howard, D. R. (1994). Developing a Tourism Impact Attitude Scale. Annals of Tourism Research, 21(1), 121-39. doi:10.1177/004728759403200374
  • Lewicka, M. (2008). Place attachment, place identity, and place memory: Restoring the forgotten city past. Journal of environmental psychology, 28(3), 209-231.
  • Lewicka, M. (2010). What makes neighborhood different from home and city? Effects of place scale on place attachment. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30, 35-51.
  • Lewicka, M. (2011). Place attachment: How far have we come in the last 40 years? Journal of Environmental Psychology, 31(3), 207-230.
  • Lin, C. T., Huang, T. Y., Lin, W. J., Chang, S. Y., Lin, Y. H., Ko, L. W., ... & Chang, E. C. (2012). Gender differences in wayfinding in virtual environments with global or local landmarks. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 32(2), 89-96.
  • Low, S. M. and Altman, I. (1992). Place attachment. In Place attachment. Springer, Boston, MA.
  • Manzo, L. C. and Perkins, D. D. (2006). Finding common ground: The importance of place attachment to community participation and planning. Journal of Planning Literature, 20(4), 335-350.
  • Manzo, L.C. and Perkins, D.D. (2006). Finding common ground: the importance of place attachment to community participation and planning. Journal of Planning Literature, 20 (04), 335-350.
  • McCool, S. F. and Martin, S. R. (1994). Community attachment and attitudes toward tourism development. Journal of Travel Research, 32(3), 29-34.
  • Mercan, Ş. O. (2010). Turizmde Bölgesel Planlama ve Sürdürülebilirlik: Altınok Örneği. Aksaray Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(2), 35-47.
  • Mesch, G. and Manor, O. (1998). Social ties, environment perception and local attachment. Environment and Behavior, 30 (4), 504-519.
  • Mitchell, M.Y.; Force, J.E.; Carroll, M.S. and McLaughlin, W.J. (1993). Forest places of the heart: incorporating special spaces into public management. Journal of Forestry. 4: 32-37.
  • Moore, R. L. and Graefe, A. R. (1994). Attachments to recreation settings: The case of rail-trail users. Leisure Sciences, 16(1), 17-31.
  • Nufusu, Edirne Nufusu. https://www.nufusu.com/il/edirne-nufusu (Erişim Tarihi: 18.10.2021).
  • Nunkoo, R., Gursoy, D. (2012). Residents' support for tourism: An identity perspective. Annals of Tourism Research, 39 (1), 243-268.
  • Pretty, G.H., Chipuer, H.M., Bramston, P. (2003). Sense of place amongst adolescents and adults in two rural Australian towns: The discriminating features of place attachment, sense of community and place dependence in relation to place identity. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23 (3), 273-287.
  • Price, S., Blacketer, M., and Brownlee, M. (2018). The influence of place attachment on campers’ evaluations of ecological impacts due to recreation use. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 21, 30-38.
  • Ramkissoon H., Smith, L.D.G., Weiler. B. (2013). Testing the dimensionality of place attachment and its relationships with place satisfaction and pro-environmental behaviours: A structural equation modelling approach. Tourism Management, 36, 552-566.
  • Ramkissoon, H. and Nunkoo, R. (2012). More than just biological sex differences: Examining the structural relationship between gender identity and information search behavior. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 36(2), 191-215.
  • Rollero, C. and De Picolli, N. (2010). Place attachment, identification and environment perception: An empirical study. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30, 198-205.
  • Roney, A. S. (2011). Turizm Bir Sistemin Analizi. Detay Publishing: Ankara.
  • Scannel, L. and Gifford, R. (2010). Defining place attachment: a tripartite organizing framework. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(1), 1–10.
  • Scannell, L. and Gifford, R. (2010a). The relations between natural and civic place attachment and pro environmental behavior. Journal of environmental psychology, 30 (3), 289-297.
  • Sheldon, P. J. and Var, T. (1984). Resident attitudes to tourism in north wales. Tourism Management, 5(1), 40-47.
  • Stedman, R. (2002). Toward a social psychology of place. Environment and Behavior, 34, 561 581.
  • Tartaglia S. (2006). A preliminary study for a new model of sense of community. Journal of Community Psychology, 34 (2006),25-36.
  • Stylidis, D. (2018). Place attachment, perception of place and residents’ support for tourism development. Tourism Planning & Development, 15(2), 188-210.
  • Twigger-Ross, C. L. and Uzzell, D. L. (1996). Place and identity processes. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 16, 205 220.
  • Um, S. and Crompton, J. L. (1987). Measuring Resident's attachment levels in a host community. Journal of Travel Research, 26(1), 27-29.
  • Yaşlıoğlu, M. M. (2017). Sosyal bilimlerde faktör analizi ve geçerlilik: Keşfedici ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizlerinin kullanılması. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 74-85.

Sürdürülebilir Turizmde Yerli Halkın Yer Bağlılığı Tutumunun İkamet Etme Süresi ve Cinsiyet Bakımından Değerlendirilmesi: Edirne Örneği

Year 2022, Volume: 37 Issue: 4, 913 - 928, 10.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.1019926

Abstract

Yer temelli bir olgu olan turizmde yerli halk-turist etkileşimi kaçınılmazdır. Destinasyondaki sosyo-kültürel çekicilikleri yaratan ve destinasyonun asıl sahibi olan yerli halk, sürdürülebilir turizmin baş aktörüdür. Bir destinasyonda sürdürülebilir turizm anlayışını geliştirmek için o destinasyondaki yerli halkın tutum ve davranışlarını anlamak gerekmektedir. Destinasyondaki doğal, kültürel ve sosyolojik kaynakları gelecek nesillere aktaracak olan yine yerli halkın kendisidir. Yerli halkın yer bağlılığı tutumu ise yerli halkın ikamet edilen yere yönelik duygusal, psikolojik yönelimini ve yer ile olan uyumunu ifade etmektedir. Yerli halkın turizme yönelik tutumunu şekillendiren yer bağlılığı tutumu, cinsiyet ve ikamet etme süresi bakımından farklılaşmaktadır. Edirne’de yaşayan yerli halkın yer bağlılığı tutumunun oluşup oluşmadığını, bu tutumun ikamet etme süresi bakımından, cinsiyet bakımından ve kadın ile erkeklerin ikamet etme süreleri bakımından farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını test etme amacında olan bu çalışma sonucunda, ikamet etme süresi arttıkça yerli halkın yer bağlılığı tutumunun arttığı ve erkeklerin yer bağlılığı tutumlarının kadınlarınkine kıyasla daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Altıntaş, V. (2010). The effects of tourism development on quality of life of residents: The model of Alanya region (Unpublishing Doctoral Thesis). Akdeniz University, Antalya.
  • Altman, I. and Low, S. M. (1992). Place Attachment. New York and London: Plenum Press
  • Anton, C. E. and C. Lawrence (2016). The relationship between place attachment: The theory of planned behaviour and residents' response to place change. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 47, 145-154.
  • Arslan, H. (2009). The evaluation of the post disaster reconstruction process in terms of place attachment relocation and cognitive mapping concept (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul.
  • Ayar, H. (2021). Park Rekreasyonu Faaliyetlerine Katılımda Rekreasyon Deneyim Tercihleri, Yer Bağlılığı, Çevresel Tutum ve Çevre Dostu Rekreasyon Davranışları Arasındaki İlişki (Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Ayaş, N., (2007). Çevresel Sürdürülebilir Turizm Gelişmesi. Gazi Üniversitesi iktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9/1, 59- 69.
  • Ayberk, C. (2019). International student mobility: Place attachment, experiences of international students in Istanbul and results of the mobility (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). Ankara University, Ankara.
  • Bramwell, B. and Lane, B. (1993). Sustainable tourism: An evolving global approach. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1, 1-5.
  • Brandenburg, A.M.; Carroll, M.S. (1995). Your place or mine? The effect of place creation on Environmental Values and Landscape Meanings. Society and Natural Resources. 8, 381-398.
  • Cantrill, J. and Senecah, S. (2000). A “Sense of Place” for the Environmental Self in Conservation Psychology. Paper presented at the 8th International Symposium on Society and Resource Management, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA.
  • Cheng, T. M. and Wu, H. C. (2015). How do environmental knowledge, environmental sensitivity, and place attachment affect environmentally responsible behavior? An integrated approach for sustainable island tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(4), 557-576.
  • Choi, H. S. C. and Sirakaya, E. (2005). Measuring residents’ attitude toward sustainable tourism: Development of sustainable tourism attitude scale. Journal of travel research, 43(4), 380-394.
  • Cuba, L. and Hummon, D. (1993). A place to call home: Identification with dwelling, community, and region. The Sociological Quarterly, 34,11-131.
  • Dağlı, Z. (2018). Sürdürülebilir turizmin gelişimine yönelik yerel halkın tutumlarını incelemeye ilişkin bir araştırma: Akçakoca destinasyonu. Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi, 15 (3), 603-619.
  • Doxey, G. V. (1975). A Causation Theory of Visitor Resident Irritants: Methodology and Research Inferences, Paper Presented at the Travel and Tourism Research Association Sixth Annual Conference Proceedings, San Diego.
  • Dyer, P. G. (2007). Structural Modelling of Resident Perceptions of Tourism and Associated Developmet on the Sunshine Coast, Australia. Tourism Management, 28,409-422.
  • Eusébio, C., Vieira, A. L. and Lima, S. (2018). Place attachment, host–tourist interactions, and residents’ attitudes towards tourism development: The case of Boa Vista Island in Cape Verde. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(6), 890-909.
  • Göregenli, M., Karakus, P., Kösten, E. Y. Ö. and Umuroglu, I. (2014). Mahalleye bağlılık düzeyinin kent kimligi ile iliskisi içinde incelenmesi. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 29(73), 73.
  • Gursoy, D., Rutherfort, D. G. (2004). Host Attitudes Toward Tourism an Improved Structural Model. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3),495-516.
  • Güler, İ. (2019). The relationship between risk perception and place attachment in Düzce city (Unpublished Master’s Thesis). Düzce University, Düzce.
  • Halpenny, E. A. (2006). Environmental behaviour, place attachment and park visitation: A case study of visitors to Point Pelee National Park (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). University of Waterloo, Recreation and Leisure Studies, Ontario, Canada.
  • Harrill, R. (2004). Residents' Attitudes toward Tourism Development: A Literature Review with Implications for Tourism Planning. Journal of Planning Literature, 18 (3),252-266.
  • Hay, R. (1998). Sense of place in developmental context. Journal of environmental psychology, 18(1), 5-29.
  • Hidalgo, M. C. and Hernandez B. (2001). Place attachment: conceptual and empirical questions. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21(3), 273-281.
  • Jelley, S. E. (2013). A Study of Place Attachment (Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). University of Wollongong, Australia.
  • Kalaycı, Ş. (2008). SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri. Asil Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara.
  • Karaçor, E. L. (2012). Interaction of life quality in townscape with urban memory and concept of place: Case of Düzce city (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). Düzce University, Düzce.
  • Kitayama, S. and Markus, H.R. (1994). Culture and self: How cultures influence the way we view ourselves. In D. Matsumoto (Ed.), People: Psychology from a cultural perspective (17-37). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Col
  • Kitayama, S. and Markus, H.R. (1994). Culture and self: How cultures influence the way we view ourselves. In D. Matsumoto, ed. People: Psychology from a cultural perspective (pp. 17-37). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
  • Kocaoğlu,B. U. (2019). Yeniden Canlandırma Alanlarında Yer Bağlılığı ve Katılım. Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler, 28(3), 1-19.
  • Kyle, G. T., Graefe, A., Manning, R. E. and Bacon, J. (2004). Effect of involvement and Journal of Leisure Research, 36, 209 231.
  • Lankford, S. V. and Howard, D. R. (1994). Developing a Tourism Impact Attitude Scale. Annals of Tourism Research, 21(1), 121-39. doi:10.1177/004728759403200374
  • Lewicka, M. (2008). Place attachment, place identity, and place memory: Restoring the forgotten city past. Journal of environmental psychology, 28(3), 209-231.
  • Lewicka, M. (2010). What makes neighborhood different from home and city? Effects of place scale on place attachment. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30, 35-51.
  • Lewicka, M. (2011). Place attachment: How far have we come in the last 40 years? Journal of Environmental Psychology, 31(3), 207-230.
  • Lin, C. T., Huang, T. Y., Lin, W. J., Chang, S. Y., Lin, Y. H., Ko, L. W., ... & Chang, E. C. (2012). Gender differences in wayfinding in virtual environments with global or local landmarks. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 32(2), 89-96.
  • Low, S. M. and Altman, I. (1992). Place attachment. In Place attachment. Springer, Boston, MA.
  • Manzo, L. C. and Perkins, D. D. (2006). Finding common ground: The importance of place attachment to community participation and planning. Journal of Planning Literature, 20(4), 335-350.
  • Manzo, L.C. and Perkins, D.D. (2006). Finding common ground: the importance of place attachment to community participation and planning. Journal of Planning Literature, 20 (04), 335-350.
  • McCool, S. F. and Martin, S. R. (1994). Community attachment and attitudes toward tourism development. Journal of Travel Research, 32(3), 29-34.
  • Mercan, Ş. O. (2010). Turizmde Bölgesel Planlama ve Sürdürülebilirlik: Altınok Örneği. Aksaray Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(2), 35-47.
  • Mesch, G. and Manor, O. (1998). Social ties, environment perception and local attachment. Environment and Behavior, 30 (4), 504-519.
  • Mitchell, M.Y.; Force, J.E.; Carroll, M.S. and McLaughlin, W.J. (1993). Forest places of the heart: incorporating special spaces into public management. Journal of Forestry. 4: 32-37.
  • Moore, R. L. and Graefe, A. R. (1994). Attachments to recreation settings: The case of rail-trail users. Leisure Sciences, 16(1), 17-31.
  • Nufusu, Edirne Nufusu. https://www.nufusu.com/il/edirne-nufusu (Erişim Tarihi: 18.10.2021).
  • Nunkoo, R., Gursoy, D. (2012). Residents' support for tourism: An identity perspective. Annals of Tourism Research, 39 (1), 243-268.
  • Pretty, G.H., Chipuer, H.M., Bramston, P. (2003). Sense of place amongst adolescents and adults in two rural Australian towns: The discriminating features of place attachment, sense of community and place dependence in relation to place identity. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23 (3), 273-287.
  • Price, S., Blacketer, M., and Brownlee, M. (2018). The influence of place attachment on campers’ evaluations of ecological impacts due to recreation use. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 21, 30-38.
  • Ramkissoon H., Smith, L.D.G., Weiler. B. (2013). Testing the dimensionality of place attachment and its relationships with place satisfaction and pro-environmental behaviours: A structural equation modelling approach. Tourism Management, 36, 552-566.
  • Ramkissoon, H. and Nunkoo, R. (2012). More than just biological sex differences: Examining the structural relationship between gender identity and information search behavior. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 36(2), 191-215.
  • Rollero, C. and De Picolli, N. (2010). Place attachment, identification and environment perception: An empirical study. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30, 198-205.
  • Roney, A. S. (2011). Turizm Bir Sistemin Analizi. Detay Publishing: Ankara.
  • Scannel, L. and Gifford, R. (2010). Defining place attachment: a tripartite organizing framework. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(1), 1–10.
  • Scannell, L. and Gifford, R. (2010a). The relations between natural and civic place attachment and pro environmental behavior. Journal of environmental psychology, 30 (3), 289-297.
  • Sheldon, P. J. and Var, T. (1984). Resident attitudes to tourism in north wales. Tourism Management, 5(1), 40-47.
  • Stedman, R. (2002). Toward a social psychology of place. Environment and Behavior, 34, 561 581.
  • Tartaglia S. (2006). A preliminary study for a new model of sense of community. Journal of Community Psychology, 34 (2006),25-36.
  • Stylidis, D. (2018). Place attachment, perception of place and residents’ support for tourism development. Tourism Planning & Development, 15(2), 188-210.
  • Twigger-Ross, C. L. and Uzzell, D. L. (1996). Place and identity processes. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 16, 205 220.
  • Um, S. and Crompton, J. L. (1987). Measuring Resident's attachment levels in a host community. Journal of Travel Research, 26(1), 27-29.
  • Yaşlıoğlu, M. M. (2017). Sosyal bilimlerde faktör analizi ve geçerlilik: Keşfedici ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizlerinin kullanılması. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 74-85.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Çiğdem Unurlu 0000-0001-5653-6013

Early Pub Date September 9, 2022
Publication Date November 10, 2022
Submission Date November 6, 2021
Acceptance Date March 10, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 37 Issue: 4

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APA Unurlu, Ç. (2022). Sürdürülebilir Turizmde Yerli Halkın Yer Bağlılığı Tutumunun İkamet Etme Süresi ve Cinsiyet Bakımından Değerlendirilmesi: Edirne Örneği. İzmir İktisat Dergisi, 37(4), 913-928. https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.1019926
İzmir Journal of Economics
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