This paper analyzes the relationship between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth for a panel of fifteen European Union countries over the period 1990-2011 within a multivariate framework. The heterogeneous panel cointegration tests present a long-run equilibrium relationship between real GDP, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and research and development. The Granger-causality results demonstrate unidirectional causality between non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth.
Other ID | JA82HN66EJ |
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Journal Section | Research Article |
Authors | |
Publication Date | September 1, 2014 |
Published in Issue | Year 2014 Volume: 4 Issue: 3 |